Recombinant Human Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma (PPARG) Protein (His-SUMO)

Name: Recombinant Human Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma (PPARG) Protein (His-SUMO)
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BLC-03107P
Availability: InStock

Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

Collections: High-quality recombinant proteins, Other recombinant proteins

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Product Overview

Description	Recombinant Human Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma (PPARG) Protein (His-SUMO) is produced by our E.coli expression system. This is a full length protein.
Purity	Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
Uniprotkb	P37231
Target Symbol	PPARG
Synonyms	CIMT1; GLM1; NR1C3; Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group C member 3; OTTHUMP00000185032; OTTHUMP00000185036; Peroxisome proliferator activated nuclear receptor gamma variant 1; Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma 1; Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor gamma; Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma; PPAR gamma; PPAR-gamma; PPARG; PPARG_HUMAN; PPARG1; PPARG2; PPARgamma
Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
Expression System	E.coli
Tag	N-6His-SUMO
Target Protein Sequence	MTMVDTEMPFWPTNFGISSVDLSVMEDHSHSFDIKPFTTVDFSSISTPHYEDIPFTRTDPVVADYKYDLKLQEYQSAIKVEPASPPYYSEKTQLYNKPHEEPSNSLMAIECRVCGDKASGFHYGVHACEGCKGFFRRTIRLKLIYDRCDLNCRIHKKSRNKCQYCRFQKCLAVGMSHNAIRFGRMPQAEKEKLLAEISSDIDQLNPESADLRALAKHLYDSYIKSFPLTKAKARAILTGKTTDKSPFVIYDMNSLMMGEDKIKFKHITPLQEQSKEVAIRIFQGCQFRSVEAVQEITEYAKSIPGFVNLDLNDQVTLLKYGVHEIIYTMLASLMNKDGVLISEGQGFMTREFLKSLRKPFGDFMEPKFEFAVKFNALELDDSDLAIFIAVIILSGDRPGLLNVKPIEDIQDNLLQALELQLKLNHPESSQLFAKLLQKMTDLRQIVTEHVQLLQVIKKTETDMSLHPLLQEIYKDLY
Expression Range	1-477aa
Protein Length	Full Length of Isoform 1
Mol. Weight	70.3kDa
Research Area	Transcription
Form	Liquid or Lyophilized powder
Buffer	Liquid form: default storage buffer is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 5%-50% glycerol. Lyophilized powder form: the buffer before lyophilization is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 6% Trehalose, pH 8.0.
Reconstitution	Briefly centrifuged the vial prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Reconstitute protein in deionized sterile water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL. It is recommended to add 5-50% of glycerol (final concentration) and aliquot for long-term storage at -20°C/-80°C. The default final concentration of glycerol is 50%.
Storage	1. Store at -20°C/-80°C upon receipt, aliquoting is necessary for mutiple use. 2. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. 3. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week. 4. In general, protein in liquid form is stable for up to 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. Protein in lyophilized powder form is stable for up to 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.
Notes	Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week.

Target Details

Target Function	Nuclear receptor that binds peroxisome proliferators such as hypolipidemic drugs and fatty acids. Once activated by a ligand, the nuclear receptor binds to DNA specific PPAR response elements (PPRE) and modulates the transcription of its target genes, such as acyl-CoA oxidase. It therefore controls the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway of fatty acids. Key regulator of adipocyte differentiation and glucose homeostasis. ARF6 acts as a key regulator of the tissue-specific adipocyte P2 (aP2) enhancer. Acts as a critical regulator of gut homeostasis by suppressing NF-kappa-B-mediated proinflammatory responses. Plays a role in the regulation of cardiovascular circadian rhythms by regulating the transcription of ARNTL/BMAL1 in the blood vessels.; (Microbial infection) Upon treatment with M.tuberculosis or its lipoprotein LpqH, phosphorylation of MAPK p38 and IL-6 production are modulated, probably via this protein.
Subcellular Location	Nucleus. Cytoplasm. Note=Redistributed from the nucleus to the cytosol through a MAP2K1/MEK1-dependent manner. NOCT enhances its nuclear translocation.
Protein Families	Nuclear hormone receptor family, NR1 subfamily
Database References	HGNC: 9236 OMIM: 137800 KEGG: hsa:5468 STRING: 9606.ENSP00000287820 UniGene: Hs.162646
Associated Diseases	Obesity (OBESITY); Lipodystrophy, familial partial, 3 (FPLD3); Glioma 1 (GLM1)
Tissue Specificity	Highest expression in adipose tissue. Lower in skeletal muscle, spleen, heart and liver. Also detectable in placenta, lung and ovary.

Gene Functions References

LEPR rs1137101 and PPARG-2 rs1801282 had weak and medium negative effects on zBMI, respectively, and may slightly protect against childhood obesity. PMID: 29679223
Data show the partial-agonist-bound PPARgamma is characterized by multiple thermodynamically accessible conformations. PMID: 29728618
Cellular metabolism constrains innate immune responses in preterm infants due to perturbations in the expression of PPARgamma, MALT1, DDIT4, and most of the cytokines. PMID: 30446641
PPARgamma knockdown resulted in increased levels of TOMM40, APOE and APOC1 -mRNAs, showing the strongest impact on APOE transcript levels. PMID: 28065845
Studies indicate that peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) expression is found in different regions of the kidney and, upon activation, can redirect metabolism [Review]. PMID: 30012954
These results demonstrate that betaine acts through ERK1/2-PPARgamma signalling pathway to regulate lipid metabolism in adipogenic-differentiated skeletal muscle cells, which could provide some useful information for controlling muscle lipid accumulation by manipulating ERK1/2 and PPARgamma signalling pathway. PMID: 29383561
novel soluble form present in maternal plasma, umbilical plasma, and amniotic fluid, elevated in gestational diabetes mellitus maternal individuals, and correlated with the lipid uptake of trophoblast cells PMID: 28720051
ALDH1A3 suppression could be one of PPARG tumor suppressive function. This study provides a better understanding of the role of PPARG in lung cancer. PMID: 29873276
Regulation of transmembrane-4-L-six-family-1 (TM4SF1) on bladder cancer cell could be induced by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma)-sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) feedback loop. PMID: 29175458
Peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor gamma polymorphism is associated with the risk of colorectal cancer. PMID: 29970681
The lack of PPARγ in recurrent miscarriage decidual macrophages seems to be associated with a specific inflammatory response against the fetus. PMID: 29949879
EDF1 is required for VEGF-induced activation of the transcriptional activity of PPARgamma in HUVEC cells. PMID: 29933613
Studied peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma gene (PPARgamma) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs); found the SNPs to be associated with the occurrence or progression of sepsis. PMID: 29055064
This study suggests that T2D patients with different genotypes at CD36, NOS3 and PPARG respond differentially to intervention of omega-3 supplements in blood lipid profiles. PMID: 29703528
ITLN1, PPARg AND TNFa GENE EXPRESSION IN VISCERAL ADIPOSE TISSUE. PMID: 30188100
Gene expressions of YKL-40 and CD36 were significantly higher in patients with T2DM (>5 yr) with hypertension compared to healthy controls (P=0.006). In addition, a significant increase in serum levels of sCD36, PPAR-gamma and YKL-40 was observed in patients with T2DM (>5 yr) with hypertension compared to healthy controls PMID: 29806605
Mechanistic investigation revealed a miR-301b~miR-130b-PPARgamma axis, whose expression pattern in umbilical cord (UC), adipose tissue (Ad) and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells significantly correlates with their adipogenic capacity. PMID: 28442776
The negative responders for aerobic training are subjects with the PPARG rs1801282 Pro/Pro genotype. The best responders to aerobic training are PPARG rs1801282 Ala carriers. PMID: 29762540
These results demonstrated the association of PPARgamma Pro allele with susceptibility to acne vulgaris. PMID: 29120856
participation rates in the genotype-based recall study were 31%, 44%, and 40%, and accordingly we included 12, 15, and 13 individuals with Pro12Pro, Pro12Ala, and Ala12Ala variants of PPARG, respectively PMID: 29303622
Here we have shown for the first time, that ligand- or insulin-mediated activation of PPARgamma in human hepatoma cell line HepG2 causes the downregulation of C3 gene expression and protein secretion PMID: 29550264
Interactions between SOD2 and PPAR-gamma SNPs regarding mortality influence were detected in diabetic ESRD patients. PMID: 27925431
Data suggest that up-regulation of NPY inhibits proliferation of adipose-derived stem cells while promoting adipogenesis and up-regulating expression of white adipocyte biomarkers PPARG, CEBPA, CIDEC, and RIP140. (NPY = neuropeptide Y; CEBPA = CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha; CIDEC = cell death-inducing DFFA-like effector C; RIP140 = nuclear receptor interacting protein 1) PMID: 28954935
The presence of Pro12Pro and C14131C genotypes is related to higher TAG level in CTD. PMID: 29606859
Low PPARG expression is associated with childhood obesity. PMID: 28733963
The results propose that PPARgamma may act as a master regulator of the transcription of several genes involved in late-onset Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. PMID: 29723294
Polymorphism of PPARG is associated with late onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus. PMID: 28292576
PPARgamma gene rs2921190 polymorphism was correlated with the susceptibility to northwest dryness syndrome. PMID: 29960292
Phosphorylation of S273 of PPARgamma occurs in cancer cells on exposure to DNA damaging agents. PMID: 29295932
Chinese Han persons with C allele of rs3856806 in PPARG gene were significantly associated with the decreased risk of hypertension. PMID: 29266977
We further identified this underlying mechanism also involved a PPARgamma-induced ANXA1-dependent autoubiquitination of cIAP1, the direct E3 ligase of RIP1, shifting cIAP1 toward proteosomal degradation..our study provides first insight for the suitability of using drug-induced expression of ANXA1 as a new player in RIP1-induced death machinery in triple-negative breast cancer PMID: 29021293
PAX8-PPARG fusions may not play major roles in the tumorigenesis of paediatric follicular thyroid carcinoma PMID: 28621837
Quantitative polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and microarray analysis showed enrichment of adipogenic mediators (C/EBP family P = .027; KLF5 P < .000; and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma, P = .032) in AAA tissue. PMID: 28912007
the mRNA expression levels of PPARG were not significantly different between the tumor tissues and tissue margins PMID: 28504924
These results suggest that the inhibited brain development seen in humans exposed to the stress of a premature extrauterine environment is modulated by genetic factors, and that PPARG signaling has a previously unrecognized role in cerebral development. PMID: 29229843
PPAR-gamma and Akt regulate GLUT1 and GLUT3 surface localization during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. PMID: 28852964
Here, the authors characterize mutant RXRA, demonstrating it induces enhancer/promoter activity in the context of RXRA/PPAR heterodimers in human bladder cancer cells. PMID: 29143738
Low PPARG expression is associated with Gemcitabine Resistance in Cholangiocarcinoma. PMID: 28560603
PPARG gene polymorphism causes the development of oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes with 5-10 years durations. PMID: 29762970
co-expression of PPARgamma and TRAP220 represents a biomarker for good prognosis in colorectal cancer patients PMID: 26130665
Carriers of the PPAR-gamma Ala12 allele showed greater cognitive decline compared to non-carriers but the risk varied across sex and ethnic groups. Male Ala12 carriers of Hispanic origin may be a high-risk group for cognitive decline. PMID: 28181642
overexpression of GATA3 and FOXA1 cooperate with PPAR activation to drive transdifferentiation of a basal bladder cancer cells to a luminial phenotype. PMID: 27924948
Results show that the nuclear distribution of PPARgamma in gastric cancer (GC) tissues and cell lines was markedly decreased. Its expression is regulated by miR-133b in gastric neoplasm tissue and cell lines. PMID: 28901466
study implies that DJ-1 may protect endothelial progenitor cells against Ang II-induced dysfunction by activating the PPARgamma/HO-1. PMID: 28600848
There were no differences between the distribution of genotypes and the allele frequencies of the PPARG Pro12Ala, and C1431T polymorphisms and the ADRB3 Trp64Arg polymorphism in normo- and hyperglycaemic women. PMID: 29464546
We conclude that rs1784933 and rs1805192 minor alleles, gene- gene interaction between rs1784933 and rs1805192, gene- environment interaction between rs1784933 and alcohol drinking, and haplotype containing the rs1784933- A and rs689021- C alleles are all associated with increased LOAD risk. PMID: 28427149
Most of the tested flavonoids, but not the antioxidant vitamins, stimulated Nrf2-, FoxO-, and PPARgamma-dependent promoter activities. PMID: 28761622
Findings suggest that despite their proposed involvement in the regulation of inflammatory processes in multiple sclerosis (MS), PPARalpha, PPARbeta/delta, and PGC-1alpha proteins are not potential biomarkers of neuroinflammation in MS, and indicate a preferential role of PPARgamma in the endogenous regulation of autoimmune response in the human central nervous system within its receptor family. PMID: 28483651
combined administration of small-interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection with PPARgamma ligands induced downregulation of SOX2 and MMP2 activity together with inhibition of sphere-forming activity regardless of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage. Taken together, our findings suggest that a combination therapy using PPARgamma ligands and its inhibitor could be a potential therapeutic strategy targeting glioblastom... PMID: 28642874
Results showed that polymorphism in PPARGrs10865710, PPARGrs1805192 and CYP1A1rs4646903 and interaction between PPARGrs1805192 and CYP1A1rs4646903 were related with increased coronary artery disease susceptibility. PMID: 28415751

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

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