Recombinant Human Paired Box Protein Pax-2 (PAX2) Protein (GST)

Name: Recombinant Human Paired Box Protein Pax-2 (PAX2) Protein (GST)
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BLC-08318P
Availability: InStock

Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

Collections: All products, High-quality recombinant proteins, Other recombinant proteins

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Product Overview

Description	Recombinant Human Paired Box Protein Pax-2 (PAX2) Protein (GST) is produced by our E.coli expression system. This is a protein fragment.
Purity	Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
Uniprotkb	Q02962
Target Symbol	PAX2
Synonyms	PAX2; Paired box protein Pax-2
Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
Expression System	E.coli
Tag	N-GST
Target Protein Sequence	MDMHCKADPFSAMHPGHGGVNQLGGVFVNGRPLPDVVRQRIVELAHQGVRPCDISRQLRVSHGCVSKILGRYYETGSIKPGVIGGSKPKVATPKVVDKIAEYKRQNPTMFAWEIRDRLLAEGICDNDTVPSVSSINRIIRTKVQQPFHPTPDGAGTGVTAPGHTIVPSTASPPVSSASNDPVGSYSINGILGIPRSNGEKRKRDEDVSEGSVPNGDSQSGVDSLRKHLRADTFTQQQLEALDRVFERPSYPDVFQASEHIKSEQGNEYSLPALTPGLDEVKSSLSASTNPELGSNVSGTQTYPVVTGRDMASTTLPGYPPHVPPTGQGSYPTSTLAGMVPEAAVGPSSSLMSKPGRKLAEVPPCVQPTGASSPATRTATPSTRPTTRL
Expression Range	1-388aa
Protein Length	partial of Isoform 4
Mol. Weight	68.2 kDa
Research Area	Developmental Biology
Form	Liquid or Lyophilized powder
Buffer	Liquid form: default storage buffer is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 5%-50% glycerol. Lyophilized powder form: the buffer before lyophilization is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 6% Trehalose, pH 8.0.
Reconstitution	Briefly centrifuged the vial prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Reconstitute protein in deionized sterile water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL. It is recommended to add 5-50% of glycerol (final concentration) and aliquot for long-term storage at -20°C/-80°C. The default final concentration of glycerol is 50%.
Storage	1. Store at -20°C/-80°C upon receipt, aliquoting is necessary for mutiple use. 2. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. 3. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week. 4. In general, protein in liquid form is stable for up to 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. Protein in lyophilized powder form is stable for up to 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.
Notes	Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week.

Target Details

Target Function	Transcription factor that may have a role in kidney cell differentiation. Has a critical role in the development of the urogenital tract, the eyes, and the CNS.
Subcellular Location	Nucleus.
Database References	HGNC: 8616 OMIM: 120330 KEGG: hsa:5076 STRING: 9606.ENSP00000396259 UniGene: PMID: 29857823 During the ensuing weeks, the PAX2/FOXA1 boundary progressively extended cranially such that by 21 weeks the entire vaginal epithelium was FOXA1-reactive and PAX2-negative. This observation supports Bulmer's proposal that human vaginal epithelium derives solely from urogenital sinus epithelium PMID: 28918284 PAX2 is involved in the carcinogenesis of endometrial cancer by stimulating cell growth and promoting cell motility; the overexpression of PAX2 in endometrial cancer is regulated by promoter hypermethylation and the transcription factor MZF1 PMID: 27764784 This case unravels a previously unrecognized phenotype of camptodactyly due to a significant skeletal deformity of Papillorenal syndrome with a heterogeneous PAX2 mutation of hexanucleotide duplication. PMID: 29054766 Mutant p53 and PTEN loss negatively regulated PAX2 and PAX2 re-expression in high-grade serous ovarian cancer cells induced cell death. PMID: 27991925 The polymorphism rs12266644 of PAX2 might be a risk factor for mullerian duct anomalies in Chinese Han females PMID: 27722936 PAX2, PAX8, CDX2 immunostains was preformed to the TMA slides. PMID: 26797858 we demonstrated that miR-497 is decreased in human ovarian cancer tissues and cells, and acts as a tumor suppressor. We also confirmed PAX2 is a target gene of miR-497 PMID: 27513319 Vimentin, Nestin and WT1. Sox2 was expressed by the stem/progenitor cells of the ventricular zone, whereas the postmitotic neurons of the cortical plate were immunostained by PAX2 and NSE. PMID: 26972711 PAX2 and PAX5 are useful biomarker in the differential diagnosis of lung cancer PMID: 26823795 a substantial minority of solitary fibrous tumors express nuclear PAX8 and PAX2 PMID: 26404914 PAX2 gene silencing can significantly inhibit the process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of renal tubular cells in rats with advanced fibrosis. PMID: 27324546 The results of this study identify several new mutations of PAX2, and sequence variants in four additional genes, including a novel potentially pathogenic mutation in KIF26B, which may play a role in the pathogenesis of Renal Coloboma Syndrome. PMID: 26571382 data suggested the differential regulation of hDAO expression by two promoters whose activities may be modulated by the binding of PAX2 and PAX5 PMID: 25500505 Homozygosity for the risk alleles of RET and PAX2 was not seen in the late onset group in primary hyperoxaluria type 1 patients. PMID: 25854853 PAX2 and PAX8 are useful biomarker in the differential diagnosis of ovarian serous and mucinous tumors PMID: 24992169 The 798C>T/909A>C PAX2 genotype did not increase the susceptibility to HenochSchonlein purpura (HSP), but it was likely to increase the susceptibility of kidney involvement in HSP patients. PMID: 25385517 Novel PAX2 targets included multiple genes encoding proteins with predicted functions in the epididymis epithelium. PMID: 25180270 Results showed that PAX2 expression is significantly overexpressed in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma tissues and IL-5 is identified as PAX2's effector for metastasis. PMID: 25613757 Report increased Pax2 expression in the ureter epithelium of children with vesicoureteric reflux. PMID: 25912758 Pax2 may play a role in kidney development by regulating the expression of TBX1. PMID: 25106525 Immunohistochemical distinction of renal cell carcinoma from other carcinomas with clear-cell histomorphology: utility of CD10 and CA-125 in addition to PAX-2, PAX-8, RCCma, and adipophilin. PMID: 25279712 PPM1B interacts with Groucho 4 and is localized to DNA in a Groucho-dependent manner, and phosphatase activity is required for transcriptional silencing. PMID: 25631048 PAX2 was strongly positive in all alveolar rhabdomyosarcomas and in two-thirds of the kidney clear cell sarcomas, and displayed variable expression in one-half of the embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas. PMID: 24897005 study suggests an association between PAX2 gene polymorphisms and the development of vesicoureteral reflux, but not with ureteropelvic junction obstruction and multicystic dysplastic kidney PMID: 24633556 study, for the first time, links PAX2-null with proliferating fetal and adult oviductal cells undergoing basal and ciliated differentiation and shows that this expression state is maintained in high-grade serous cancer precursors PMID: 25130537 PAX2 promotes cancer cell growth in androgen-independent prostate cancer by regulating androgen receptor gene expression through an epigenetic mechanism. PMID: 25132193 Exome sequencing in an index family with dominant FSGS revealed a nonconservative, disease-segregating variant in the PAX2 gene. Sequencing in probands of a familial FSGS cohort revealed seven rare and private heterozygous SNPs (4% of individuals). PMID: 24676634 cotransfection of Pax2 and Math1 strongly stimulates in situ hair cell regeneration in neomycin-damaged cochlear explants. PMID: 24141260 Pax-2 expression might be used as an ancillary tool to discriminate chromophobe renal cell tumour from oncocytomas with overlapping morphological features. PMID: 23890189 Case Report: sporadic renal hemangioblastoma expressing PAX2. PMID: 24040464 other genes and/or locus control regions regulating PAX2 may be involved in the pathogenesis of PAX2 mutation-negative cases of RCS. PMID: 23756089 PAX2 and PAX8 are valuable diagnostic markers for metastatic mullerian carcinomas and renal cell carcinoma in effusion cytology PMID: 24334997 PAX2 and napsin A have high specificity but low sensitivity and only have limited value in the differential diagnosis of mesotheliomas and renal cell carcinomas PMID: 23503645 Report high rate of mutations in PAX2 genes known to be involved in monogenic syndromic Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract. PMID: 23539225 miR-1915 and miR-1225-5p regulated the expression of important markers of renal progenitors, such as CD133 and PAX2, and important genes involved in the repair mechanisms of adult renal progenitor cells, such as TLR2. PMID: 23861881 These data suggest that in difficult diagnostic cases both PAX2 and mesothelin immunohistochemical study may be useful in discriminating between PMRCC and primary pancreatic carcinoma. PMID: 24344503 Immunostains for PAX2 and PAX8 are useful in the detection of nephrogenic adenomas and particularly unveil those nephrogenic adenomas with flat pattern. PMID: 23328975 PAX2 has little practical value in the diagnosis of peritoneal epithelioid mesotheliomas PMID: 23196794 Our data suggested that PAX2 hyper-expression promotes the development of the metastatic state in prostate cancer cells, presumably through upregulating the expression of cell membrane proteins. PMID: 23765687 Cryptorchidism-associated papillorenal syndrome/PAX2 mutation has not been reported. PMID: 23686327 PAX2 is effective in discriminating cervical adenocarcinoma in situ from benign endocervical glandular epithelium PMID: 23202787 PAX2 gene is pivotal in kidney development and it is implicated in the pathogenesis of renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF) and glomerulosclerosis (GS). PMID: 23137159 PAX2 protein induces expression of cyclin D1 through activating AP-1 protein and promotes proliferation of colon cancer cells. PMID: 23135283 cross-talk between p53 and Pax2 provides a transcriptional platform that promotes nephrogenesis, thus contributing to nephron endowment PMID: 22984579 investigation of expression of PAX2 and PAX8 in renal biopsy samples as diagnostic markers in the differential diagnosis of various types of primary and secondary renal cell carcinomas PMID: 23194047 PAX-2, PAX-8, and hKIM-1 should be used cautiously in distinguishing renal cell carcinoma from nonseminomatous germ cell neoplasia and also adds to the growing list of nonrenal tumors that express these 3 markers. PMID: 22495365 In both monozygotic twins with renal coloboma syndrome, a novel de novo mutation of PAX2 was detected, which leads to the substitution of a highly conserved cysteine (p.C52Y). PMID: 22660956 Mutations in PAX2 may not be ac ommon cause of Mullerian Duct Abnormalities. PMID: 22683154 These findings suggest that PAX2 may play a role in endometrial carcinogenesis. PMID: 22274645

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

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