Recombinant Human Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinase A (NME1) Protein (GST)

Name: Recombinant Human Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinase A (NME1) Protein (GST)
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BLC-08477P
Availability: InStock

Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

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Product Overview

Description	Recombinant Human Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinase A (NME1) Protein (GST) is produced by our E.coli expression system. This is a full length protein.
Purity	Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
Uniprotkb	P15531
Target Symbol	NME1
Synonyms	AWD; AWD, drosophila, homolog of; GAAD; Granzyme A activated DNase; Granzyme A-activated DNase; GZMA activated DNase; Metastasis inhibition factor NM23; NB; NBS; NDK A; NDKA; NDKA_HUMAN; NDP kinase A; NDPK-A; NDPKA; NM23; NM23 long variant, included; nm23-H1; NM23-M1; NM23H1B, included; NME/NM23 nucleoside diphosphate kinase 1; Nme1; NME1-NME2 spliced read-through transcript, included; Non-metastatic cells 1, protein (NM23A) expressed in; Nonmetastatic cells 1, protein expressed in; Nonmetastatic protein 23; Nonmetastatic protein 23, homolog 1; Nucleoside diphosphate kinase A; Tumor metastatic process-associated protein
Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
Expression System	E.coli
Tag	N-GST
Target Protein Sequence	ANCERTFIAIKPDGVQRGLVGEIIKRFEQKGFRLVGLKFMQASEDLLKEHYVDLKDRPFFAGLVKYMHSGPVVAMVWEGLNVVKTGRVMLGETNPADSKPGTIRGDFCIQVGRNIIHGSDSVESAEKEIGLWFHPEELVDYTSCAQNWIYE
Expression Range	2-152aa
Protein Length	Full Length of Mature Protein
Mol. Weight	44.0kDa
Research Area	Developmental Biology
Form	Liquid or Lyophilized powder
Buffer	Liquid form: default storage buffer is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 5%-50% glycerol. Lyophilized powder form: the buffer before lyophilization is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 6% Trehalose, pH 8.0.
Reconstitution	Briefly centrifuged the vial prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Reconstitute protein in deionized sterile water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL. It is recommended to add 5-50% of glycerol (final concentration) and aliquot for long-term storage at -20°C/-80°C. The default final concentration of glycerol is 50%.
Storage	1. Store at -20°C/-80°C upon receipt, aliquoting is necessary for mutiple use. 2. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. 3. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week. 4. In general, protein in liquid form is stable for up to 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. Protein in lyophilized powder form is stable for up to 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.
Notes	Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week.

Target Details

Target Function	Major role in the synthesis of nucleoside triphosphates other than ATP. The ATP gamma phosphate is transferred to the NDP beta phosphate via a ping-pong mechanism, using a phosphorylated active-site intermediate. Possesses nucleoside-diphosphate kinase, serine/threonine-specific protein kinase, geranyl and farnesyl pyrophosphate kinase, histidine protein kinase and 3'-5' exonuclease activities. Involved in cell proliferation, differentiation and development, signal transduction, G protein-coupled receptor endocytosis, and gene expression. Required for neural development including neural patterning and cell fate determination. During GZMA-mediated cell death, works in concert with TREX1. NME1 nicks one strand of DNA and TREX1 removes bases from the free 3' end to enhance DNA damage and prevent DNA end reannealing and rapid repair.
Subcellular Location	Cytoplasm. Nucleus. Note=Cell-cycle dependent nuclear localization which can be induced by interaction with Epstein-barr viral proteins or by degradation of the SET complex by GzmA.
Protein Families	NDK family
Database References	HGNC: 7849 OMIM: 156490 KEGG: hsa:4830 STRING: 9606.ENSP00000013034 UniGene: PMID: 30396920 NME1 rs16949649 associated with increased susceptibility to gynecological cancer and rs2302254 was linked to reduced gastric cancer risk (Meta-Analysis) PMID: 29525404 Immunohistochemical expression of nm23H1 is not an effective tool to distinguish among the cases of BPH, adenocarcinoma of prostate with and without metastasis. Hence nm23H1 gene does not behave like an antimetastatic gene in prostatic lesions. PMID: 29567887 The positive expression rates of KAI1 and nm23 were significantly lower in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma than normal laryngeal mucosa. PMID: 29187211 coexistence of high MACC1 and low NM23-H1 expression and tumor budding was associated with short overall survival PMID: 29700912 elevated NDKA was associated with severe characteristics of adenomas (>/=3 lesions, size >/= 1 cm or villous component). Setting specificity to 85%, NDKA showed a sensitivity of 30.19% and 29.82% for advanced adenomas and advanced neoplasia, respectively. PMID: 27222072 This study suggested that EGFR was an important predictive factor for the prognosis of the post-operative patients with colorectal carcinoma TNM stage I-II, and nm23 is important for predicting the prognosis of the patients with stage III-IV; it is better that EGFR and nm23 are as predictor of combination. PMID: 27888614 Results demonstrate that nm23 plays a vital role in decidualization in mice and humans and that nm23 gene expression is hormonally regulated. PMID: 27604954 NM23 might be an indicator of good prognosis in patients with breast cancer, although further researches need to be performed to confirm the prognostic value of NM23. [Meta-analysis; review] PMID: 28161101 The data presented suggest an important role for cytoplasmic IRF6 in regulating the availability or localization of the NME1/2 complex and thus the dynamic behavior of epithelia during lip/palate development. PMID: 28767310 High NME1 expression is associated with well tumor differentiation in Digestive System Neoplasms PMID: 27518571 Hepatitis C Virus E1 protein expression and HCV infection induces pro-metastatic effect on cancer cells which is simultaneous to Nm23-H1 transcriptional down-regulation and Nm23-H1 protein degradation. PMID: 28376369 Meta-analysis showed that low expression of nm23-H1 is associated with poorer prognosis in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma, suggesting that it is a prognostic factor and potential biomarker for survival in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. PMID: 28614246 Nm23-H1 nuclear localized mainly in the G2/M phase and the nuclear Nm23-H1 promoted A549 cell proliferation in vitro. PMID: 28442010 Differential regulation of NM23-H1 may corroborate/abrogate EMT depending on the nature of stress, tumor microenvironment and cellular context. PMID: 28216015 large-scale and well-designed studies, which use uniform antibody and criterion of NM23 positive expression, are required to further validate the role of the NM23 in predicting gastric cancer progression. PMID: 28401162 Study reveals that NME1L may perform potent biological roles on the cellular behaviors through the extra N-terminal region as well as hexameric conformation. Because the N-terminal region itself has no effect on NF-kappaB signaling, the dimerization of NME1L is likely a pivotal process to confer the IKKbeta binding ability and subsequent regulation of NF-kappaB signaling on the region. PMID: 27094059 A strong association between NME1 heterozygous genotype and breast cancer risk in Kashmiri population PMID: 27509166 Down-regulation of Dyn1 activity enhances extracellular Nme1 in human colon tumor cell lines. PMID: 27449069 nm23-H1 and MMP-2 may be as an indicator for esophageal cancer metastasis and prognosis PMID: 27592483 Results confirmed that NME1L, but not NME1, is likely responsible for regulating breast cancer cell growth by inhibiting IGF1-stimulated ERK phosphorylation through N-terminal 25 amino acid-mediated interaction with KSR1. PMID: 26565392 CRC patients with NM23-positive tumors had a better prognosis, and thus NM23 expression maybe used as a key prognostic indicator for CRC. PMID: 26634527 NM23 expression is reduced in CRC tissues and low NM23 levels tightly correlate with higher Dukes stages, poorer differentiation grade, and positive lymph node metastases. PMID: 26825905 Fibronectin is an important effector of the motility-suppressing function of NME1 in melanoma cells. PMID: 25808322 Nm23 loss could be associated with a more favorable environment for the development and dissemination of breast cancer PMID: 25321081 Dual functions of NME1 in suppression of cell motility and enhancement of genomic stability in melanoma PMID: 25017017 Regulation of the metastasis suppressor Nm23-H1 by tumor viruses PMID: 25199839 nm23-H1 protein may be an important prognostic factor in peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified;the nm23-H1-positive group had significantly shorter overall survival (Review). PMID: 25501107 The case for extracellular Nm23-H1 as a driver of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) progression PMID: 25119778 Interaction between Nm23 and the tumor suppressor VHL PMID: 24915993 Using the described method for detecting histidine and aspartic acid phosphorylations and our prostate cancer progression cell system, the potential function of NM23-H1 in suppressing metastasis with a two-component regulation system is discussed PMID: 25373728 The metastasis suppressor NME1 regulates expression of genes linked to metastasis and patient outcome in melanoma and breast carcinoma. PMID: 25048347 NM23-H1 may participate in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell responses to cisplatin and be considered a potential therapeutic target. PMID: 25277180 NM23H1 gene suppresses hyperplasia and metastasis of prostate cancer, thereby improving the survival rate. PMID: 24858271 Overexpression of Nm23H1 did not affect tumorigenesis in nude mice assays, while overexpression of Nm23H2 enhanced tumor growth with elevated expression of the c-Myc proto-oncogene. PMID: 25748386 NDPK-A was not able to bind to model membranes mimicking the inner leaflet of plasma membrane, suggesting that its in vivo membrane association is mediated by a non-lipidic partner or other partners than the studied phospholipids. PMID: 25010650 Data shows that c-Abl and Arg induce NM23-H1 degradation by increasing expression and activation of cathepsin L and B, which directly cleave NM23-H1 in the lysosome. PMID: 24096484 NME1L is a potent antimetastatic protein and may be a useful weapon in the fight against cancers. PMID: 24811176 findings show NDPKs (NM23-H1/H2/H4) interact with and provide GTP to dynamins, allowing these motor proteins to work with high thermodynamic efficiency for membrane remodeling PMID: 24970086 abnormal lower expression of NME1 in endometriotic stromal cells leads to more secretion of IL-8 and VEGF, up-regulates the level of CD62E and CD105, and leads to angiogenesis of vascular endothelial cells, which promotes development of endometriosis. PMID: 24133580 Abnormally low expression of NME1 in endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) may be involved in the pathogenesis of endometriosis by up-regulating growth, adhesion and invasion of ESCs. PMID: 23856325 Positive expression of Nm23 protein was found in ovarian tissue in 77.7 % cases in BRCA1 mutation carriers and in 90.9 % in the control group. PMID: 23553196 NM23 suppressor protein may have a role in gastric carcinoma pathogenes PMID: 23725501 In laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma patients, the disease recurrence rate correlates inversely with nuclear nm23-H1 expression. PMID: 23768014 Data indicate that the activation of MAPK and PI3K pathways resulted in TGF-beta1 signaling by down-regulating Nm23-H1 expression and up-regulating the expression of TbetaRI and TbetaRII, favoring further activation of multiple signaling pathways. PMID: 23734265 High NM23-H1 expression is associated with radioresistance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. PMID: 23464856 High NM23 expression is associated with sporadic colorectal cancer. PMID: 23679306 Reduced nm23 immunohistochemical expression is an independent negative prognostic factor for overall survival and progression-free survival in invasive breast cancer. PMID: 23818346 The crystal structure of oxidized Nm23-H1 is presented. It reveals the formation of an intramolecular disulfide bond between Cys4 and Cys145 that triggers a large conformational change that destabilizes the hexameric state. PMID: 23519676 NM23 demonstrated no discriminatory value in the interpretation of lymph node nevus rests. PMID: 23694823

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

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