Recombinant Human Lymphotoxin-Alpha (LTA) Protein (His), Active

Name: Recombinant Human Lymphotoxin-Alpha (LTA) Protein (His), Active
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BLC-05838P
Availability: InStock

Greater than 95% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

Activity Measured by its binding ability in a functional ELISA. Immobilized LTA at 5 μg/ml can bind human TNFRSF1B , the EC 50 is 1.632-2.699 ng/ml. Biological Activity Assay

Activity Measured by its binding ability in a functional ELISA. Immobilized LTA at 5 μg/ml can bind human TNFR1, the EC 50 of human LTA protein is 4.409-6.797 ng/ml. Biological Activity Assay

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Product Overview

Description	Recombinant Human Lymphotoxin-Alpha (LTA) Protein (His), Active is produced by our Mammalian cell expression system. This is a full length protein.
Purity	Greater than 95% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
Endotoxin	Less than 1.0 EU/ug as determined by LAL method.
Activity	1. Measured by its binding ability in a functional ELISA. Immobilized LTA at 5 μg/ml can bind human TNFRSF1B , the EC 50 is 1.632-2.699 ng/ml. 2. Measured by its binding ability in a functional ELISA. Immobilized LTA at 5 μg/ml can bind human TNFR1, the EC 50 of human LTA protein is 4.409-6.797 ng/ml.
Uniprotkb	P01374
Target Symbol	LTA
Synonyms	(LT-alpha)(TNF-beta)(TNFB)(TNFSF1)
Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
Expression System	Mammalian cell
Tag	N-6His
Target Protein Sequence	LPGVGLTPSAAQTARQHPKMHLAHSTLKPAAHLIGDPSKQNSLLWRANTDRAFLQDGFSLSNNSLLVPTSGIYFVYSQVVFSGKAYSPKATSSPLYLAHEVQLFSSQYPFHVPLLSSQKMVYPGLQEPWLHSMYHGAAFQLTQGDQLSTHTDGIPHLVLSPSTVFFGAFAL
Expression Range	35-205aa
Protein Length	Full Length of Mature Protein
Mol. Weight	20.8 kDa
Form	Lyophilized powder
Buffer	Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered 20 mM Tris-HCl, 0.5 M NaCl, 6% Trehalose, pH 8.0
Reconstitution	Briefly centrifuged the vial prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Reconstitute protein in deionized sterile water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL. It is recommended to add 5-50% of glycerol (final concentration) and aliquot for long-term storage at -20°C/-80°C. The default final concentration of glycerol is 50%.
Storage	1. Store at -20°C/-80°C upon receipt, aliquoting is necessary for mutiple use. 2. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. 3. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week. 4. In general, protein in liquid form is stable for up to 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. Protein in lyophilized powder form is stable for up to 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.
Notes	Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week.

Target Details

Target Function	Cytokine that in its homotrimeric form binds to TNFRSF1A/TNFR1, TNFRSF1B/TNFBR and TNFRSF14/HVEM. In its heterotrimeric form with LTB binds to TNFRSF3/LTBR. Lymphotoxin is produced by lymphocytes and is cytotoxic for a wide range of tumor cells in vitro and in vivo.
Subcellular Location	Secreted. Membrane. Note=The homotrimer is secreted. The heterotrimer is membrane-associated.
Protein Families	Tumor necrosis factor family
Database References	HGNC: 6709 OMIM: 153440 KEGG: hsa:4049 STRING: 9606.ENSP00000403495 UniGene: PMID: 28476335 There are independent and additive interactions between LTalpha +252 G/G genotype, chronic viral hepatitis, and habits of substance use on risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. PMID: 28738973 Independent and additive interaction between polymorphisms of TNFalpha -308 and lymphotoxin alpha +252 on risk of hepatocellular carcinoma related to hepatitis B has been reported. PMID: 28865603 The C allele for rs1042522 in p53 was genetically associated with a higher risk for RD but not for PVR in this cohort. This is the first association study attempting replication of PVR-associated risk alleles in a nonwhite population. PMID: 28106707 The results of this study showed that neither -252 G/A nor -804 C/A polymorphism of the LTA gene was found to be associated with overall stroke as well as any subtype of IS excluding SVD in North Indian population. PMID: 26707826 this study found an association between the single nucleotide polymorphism LTA +252 with the development of sepsis in Colombian patients PMID: 27592234 Fequencies of polymorphic allele and genotypes for the lymphotoxin-alpha gene, position +252 (rs909253), in Brazilian women with preeclampsia PMID: 26561241 The allelic frequencies of LTA SNPs were found to be significantly associated with the risk of oral cancer and precancerous lesions PMID: 27312561 rs909253 in LTA was identified to be significantly associated with ankylosing spondylitis susceptibility in this study population, but no significant association was found between ankylosing spondylitis risk and LTA rs2239704 or rs2229094 PMID: 28489756 study showed that heterozygous variant (AG) genotype of TNF-beta was associated with persistent primary immune thrombocytopenia, when compared with controls PMID: 26761582 a positive correlation of HLA-DRB112 and a negative correlation of HLA-DRB113 with younger patientsTNFb4 allele's negative association with older patients displaying higher PSA levels, higher GS and positive surrounding tissue involvement; positive association of TNFb5 allele for both older and younger patients PMID: 27102235 the present study suggests LTa +252G as a risk alleles for disease susceptibility associated with higher serum levels of LTa and concomitant discrete clinical features among Indian systemic lupus erythematosus patients in India PMID: 27838362 this study shows that TNF-b is elevated in wound exudates of patients with hidradenitis suppurativa PMID: 27819528 LTA -804C/A gene polymorphism is not found to be associated with the susceptibility of ischemic stroke in both Asian as well as in Caucasian population. PMID: 27411794 After multivariable analysis TNF-alpha polymorphism showed no consistent association with leukemia. CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis suggests that the LT-alpha +252 AA polymorphism is associated with the risk of leukemia PMID: 27647233 Tumor Necrosis Factor and Lymphotoxin in Regulation of Intestinal Inflammation. PMID: 27914457 joint effects of these CRP, TNF-alpha, and LTA risk alleles with physical inactivity in elders were observed, suggesting that physical activity may modulate effects of genotypes on handgrip strength. PMID: 27056089 No association was found between two promoter variants of TNF and LTA, and diabetic retinopathy in a large cohort of Caucasian patients with type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes PMID: 26821796 Polymorphism +252 LT gene did not show any significant association with COPD. PMID: 26932696 TNFB+252G/A was associated with presence of immune thrombocytopenia. PMID: 26076780 LTalpha plays a role in malignant angiogenesis and disease progression in Cutaneous T cell lymphoma and may serve as a therapeutic target in this disease. PMID: 25915535 LTA polymorphism is associated with genetic susceptibility of systemic lupus in Asians, but not in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID: 25931031 Studied the association between immuno-modulatory gene polymorphisms (including LTA) and risk for nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma in a Chinese population. Found The LTA +252 GA + AA genotypes were associated with increased risk for NK/T-cell lymphoma. PMID: 26108796 TNF-beta NcoI polymorphism, by itself, was not associated with increased stroke susceptibility. But the homozygous genotype for the allele TNFB2 was associated with higher expression of classical inflammatory and metabolic markers of stroke. PMID: 25063351 These results support an association between ANKK1 and LTA genetic markers and vulnerability to schizophrenia and show the potential influence of just one copy of the mutant C or G allele in the Egyptian population. PMID: 26114114 Studied six SNP loci: (rs2279115 of BCL2 gene, rs804270 of NEIL2 gene, rs909253 of LTA gene, rs2294008 of PSCA gene, rs3765524 and rs10509670 of PLCE1 gene) to evaluate gastric cancer risk using magnetic nanoparticles and universal tagged arrays. PMID: 26554163 TNF-alpha (-308G/A), TNF-beta (+252A/G) and IL-10 (-1082G/A, -819C/T and -592C/A) polymorphisms are associated with the susceptibility of oral lichen planus. PMID: 26221924 Elite controllers of HIV infection present marginal zone-like B-cell populations which IL-10 and LT-alpha expression profiles may favour homeostasis of immune responses and lymphoid microenvironments. PMID: 25003989 Biotin-pulldown assay showed that HuR specifically interacts with the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of the LTalpha mRNA PMID: 25980610 The AA genotype of LT-alpha + 252 was significantly associated with shortened overall or leukemia-free survival in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome with excess blasts. PMID: 23931336 MTHFR, TGFbeta1, and TNFB polymorphisms are not significantly associated with the risk of osteoporosis in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID: 25981594 statistical evidence for the interactions between 1) TNF/LTA SNP rs2229094 and depression symptoms for average pain intensity and duration and 2) IL1B two SNP diplotype and kinesiophobia for average shoulder pain intensity PMID: 24598699 The TNFB2/B2 genotype of TNF-beta NcoI polymorphism was associated with increased inflammatory and metabolic markers and this association was different according to sex of MS patients. PMID: 25173940 Review/Meta-analysis: Suggest lymphotoxin-alpha +252A/G gene polymorphism is a risk factor for NHL in North Americans, and this polymorphism may contribute to diffuse large B cell lymphoma susceptibility. PMID: 24610621 Combinations of cytokine gene network polymorphic markers as potential predictors of myocardial infarction PMID: 25735143 The findings appear to support the hypothesis that genetic variability of 252A>G polymorphism in TNF-beta region may modulate risk of migraine in the population of Asian ancestry. PMID: 24959879 Studies indicate that tumor necrosis factors TNF-alpha/TNF-beta and their receptor TNFR1 and TNFR2 play a regulatory role of different immune cells. PMID: 24896334 This indicates an association between polymorphism of the TNF-beta gene and post-operative sepsis, suggesting the TNFB2/B2 genotype as a high-risk factor for the development of sepsis after elective surgery. PMID: 24796628 IL-6-174 SNP is rare or not seen in the Han population in Guangzhou, so SNP at this locus cannot be selected for disease association analysis. PMID: 25140780 Our findings suggest that Hodgkin and Reed Sternberg cell-derived LTalpha is an important mediator that contributes to T cell recruitment into lesional lymph nodes in Hodgkin lymphoma. PMID: 25139349 TNFB2 allele was associated with the presence of multiple sclerosis independently of HLA-DRB1 in white patients and the TNFB2/B2 genotype was associated with increased TNF-alpha levels in white and brown patients. PMID: 24696164 TNFB +252A/G and exon 3 C/A polymorphisms are associated with vitiligo susceptibility PMID: 24312346 A significant association was detected between LT-alpha +249A/G and increased risk of diabetes, in particular for young-onset patients PMID: 24233435 TNF and LTA genetic polymorphisms contribute to SLE susceptibility in the Egyptian population and are associated with disease characteristics. PMID: 24420856 Polymorphisms of the LTA gene can probably be used with other genetic markers together to identify individuals at high susceptibility to myocardial infarction. PMID: 24642747 These results suggest for the first time that TNF-beta is involved in microenvironment inflammation in chondrocytes during rheumatoid arthritis PMID: 24283517 our meta-analyses suggested that the LTA rs1041981, rs2239704 and rs2229094 polymorphisms contributed to the increased risk of cancers. PMID: 24349304 This study provides evidence for rs1799724 at the LTA/TNFalpha locus as a susceptibility factor for idiopathic achalasia. PMID: 24259423 TNF-alpha -308 A/G and LT-alpha +252 A/G polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility to sarcoidosis in an European population.[META-ANALYSIS] PMID: 24197700 The TNF-beta gene A252G polymorphism might be a potential risk factor for the development of sarcoidosis. (Meta-analysis) PMID: 24244632

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

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