Recombinant Human LOXL1 Protein

Name: Recombinant Human LOXL1 Protein
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BL-1126SG
Availability: InStock

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Product Overview

Tag	GST
Host Species	Human
Accession	BC015090
Synonym	LOL, LOXL
Background	LOXL1 is a member of the lysyl oxidase gene family which is essential to the biogenesis of connective tissue. LOXL1 encodes an extracellular copper-dependent amine oxidase that catalyses the first step in the formation of crosslinks in collagens and elastin. LOXL1 is responsible for catalyzing the oxidative deamination of lysine residues of tropoelastin and this deamination causes spontaneous cross-linking and formation of elastin polymer fibers (1). LOXL1 serves both as a crosslinking enzyme and an element of the scaffold to ensure spatially defined deposition of elastin (2).
Description	Recombinant human LOXL1 (292-end) was produced by baculovirus in Sf9 insect cells, fused with a GST tag at N-terminus. This protein is purified with our unique purification methods.
Source	Sf9 insect cells
AA Sequence	292a.a.-end
Molecular Weight	~61 kDa
Purity	For specific purity information on a given lot, see related COA.
Endotoxin	< 1.0 EU per μg of the protein as determined by the LAL method
Formulation	Recombinant protein is supplied in 50mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5, 50mM NaCl, 10mM Glutathione, 0.25mM DTT, 0.1mM EDTA, 0.1mM PMSF and 25% glycerol.
Stability	The recombinant protein is stable for up to 12 months at -70°C
Usage	For Research Use Only
Storage	Recombinant Human LOXL1 Protein should be stored should be stored at < -70°C. It is recommended that the protein be aliquoted for optimal storage. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Target Details

Target Function	Active on elastin and collagen substrates.
Subcellular Location	Secreted, extracellular space.
Protein Families	Lysyl oxidase family
Database References	HGNC: 6665 OMIM: 153456 KEGG: hsa:4016 STRING: 9606.ENSP00000261921 UniGene: Hs.65436
Associated Diseases	Exfoliation syndrome (XFS)
Tissue Specificity	Expressed in ocular tissues including the iris, ciliary body, lens and optic nerve. Not detected in the retina.

Gene Functions References

the rs11638944:C>G transversion exerts a cis-acting effect on the expression levels of LOXL1, mediated by differential binding of the transcription factor retinoid X receptor alpha and by modulating alternative splicing of LOXL1, eventually leading to reduced levels of LOXL1 mRNA in cells and tissues of risk allele carriers for pseudoexfoliation syndrome PMID: 28534485
LOXL1/LOXL2 gene expression and protein levels were increased in Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) versus non-IPF. PMID: 29125826
These findings provide evidence for a functional role of alternative splicing coupled to NMD in the posttranscriptional regulation of LOXL1 gene expression and suggest this mechanism to represent a dynamic mode of adapting LOXL1 expression to PEX-associated environmental and nutritional cues. PMID: 29164236
remenopausal and postmenopausal women with Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP) exhibit differential expression of LOXL1 suggesting different pathways in the pathogenesis of POP. The role of biopsy location on LOXL1 expression requires further investigation. PMID: 26829347
In this study, we found no significant association between allele and genotype frequencies of APOE; the intronic SNP rs2165241 and the non-synonymous SNP rs3825942 in exon 1 of LOXL1 are significantly associated with pseudoexfoliation syndrome and exfoliation glaucoma in the Turkish population. PMID: 27028259
A rare protective allele at LOXL1,Tyr407Phe, was identified. It is found exclusively in the Japanese population. It confers 25-fold resistance to XFS. It segregated with the common rs3825942[A] (p.Asp153) in all but 2 patients examined. In spheroids, this haplotype conferred a significant increase in the strength of cellular adhesion in comparison to 3 haplotypes with the wild-type allele. PMID: 28553957
Findings of this current study indicate a different LOXL1 gene expression pattern compared with a recent study that was also performed in the Turkish population. PMID: 27753755
LOXL1 transcriptional activity was dramatically reduced when a recombinant DNMT3A was concomitantly overexpressed. PMID: 27396912
The present study, for the first time, shows that the pseudoexfoliation syndrome-associated variant residues in LOXL1 influence processing of the protein, most likely by BMP-1. PMID: 26997634
In this study group of Turkish population, no LOXL1 mutations were found. No associations between the defined SNPs (A320A, R141L and F184F) and the severity of the disease were detected. PMID: 26758070
To identify additional candidate functional variants, we sequenced the entire LOXL1 genomic locus ( approximately 40 kb) in 50 indigenous, black South African XFS cases and 50 matched controls. PMID: 26307087
This is the first study associating two SNPs of LOXL1 (rs3825942 and rs2165241) and XFS/XFG in a Spanish population, confirming findings in patients from Europe. PMID: 24892565
Our meta-analysis indicates that rs1048661 had weak association with XFG/XFS; rs3825942 had strongly association with XFG/XFS; and rs2165241 had significant risk with XFG/XFS in some ethnicity. PMID: 25304275
CTR1, ATP7A, and lysyl oxidase were upregulated in the lung tissues and pulmonary arteries of mice with hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells. PMID: 24614111
Different SNPs in LOXL1 affect risk of pseudoexfoliative glaucoma in different ethnic groups [meta-analysis] PMID: 26404116
When the LOXL1 variants were used as disease markers for clinically undetectable exfoliation syndrome (EX), there was no association between central retinal vein occlusion and EX. PMID: 25130441
results indicate that hypermethylation of CpG islands in the promoter region of the LOXL1 gene leads directly to downregulation of LOXL1 mRNA and protein, which functions as an essential mechanism in the pathogenesis of Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome PMID: 26348632
Data indicate that single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) distributing in not only lysyl oxidase-like 1 gene (LOXL1) but also TBC1 domain family member 21 protein (TBC1D21) and promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML). PMID: 24938310
Single nucleotide polymorphisms of the LOXL1 gene are associated with pseudoexfoliation glaucoma in the Spanish population. PMID: 26319397
The polymorphisms of the LOXL1 gene were associated with the susceptibility to primary open-angle glaucoma. PMID: 25750511
Our results demonstrate that only a small proportion of individuals with the high-risk GG/GG diplotype may actually be found to clinically manifest exfoliation syndrome. PMID: 25041436
Data suggest that expression of LOXL1 and FBLN5 (fibulin 5) (but not expression of elastin) is down-regulated in uterosacral ligaments of postmenopausal women with pelvic organ prolapse. PMID: 22487196
This polymorphism seems to be associated with high risk for primary open-angle glaucoma in a Mediterranean population. PMID: 24893574
p66beta might be important for the regulation of LOX in the nucleus. PMID: 25118846
There were no significant difference in allele frequency distribution of LOXL1 rs1048661rs3825942 and rs2165241 between primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and normal controls (P=0.322, P=0.660, P=0.965). PMID: 25636109
Pathogenetic stimuli induced a significant increase in the expression of LOXL1 and elastic proteins and resulted in their assembly into exfoliation syndrome-like fibrils in vitro. PMID: 25275906
Collectively, these results suggest that dysregulation of LOXL1 expression is a contributing factor to exfoliation disease development. PMID: 25275910
Human LOX gene encodes 2 variants, LOX and LOX-v2, both of which function as amine oxidases with distinct tissue specificities. PMID: 25017124
Studies suggest that LOXL1 rs1048661 TT, rs3825942 AA, and rs2165241 CC were associated with a reduced risk of developing pseudoexfoliation syndrome and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PEXS/PEXG). PMID: 24603551
Haplotypes of LOXL1 are associated with PG-PDS independently from rs1048661, leading to a differential expression of the transcript. PMID: 24739284
Sequencing of 7 exons and regulatory regions of LOXL1 identified 11 additional sequence variants; only rs41435250 showed an association (P = 3.80 x 10-5 [0.49]) with pseudoexfoliation syndrome and glaucoma PMID: 24809751
LOXL1 gene contributes to onset of PEXG through PEX. Gene variants of LOXL1 do not help to identify those with PEX at increased risk for glaucoma development. PMID: 24917141
allele T of LOXL1 rs41435250 is a novel risk genetic factor for pseudoexfoliation syndrome/pseudoexfoliation glaucoma development. PMID: 24068861
High Lysyl Oxidase expression is associated with non-small cell lung cancer. PMID: 23886154
LOXL1 is more abundant in the deposits in the iris region and, alternatively APOE is concentrated in the PEX material accumulated in the pupillary area of the anterior lens capsule. PMID: 23411028
The homozygote TT polymorphism in the rs1048661 and rs2165241 region of LOX-L1 gene may be responsible for stress urinary incontinance physiopathology. PMID: 22765198
Association of LOXL1 with exfoliation syndrome and exfoliation glaucoma was investigated and apolipoprotein E and MTHFR polymorphisms as genetic risk factors for both conditions, were evaluated. PMID: 23687437
Certain genetic variants in LOXL1 confer risk for pseudoexfoliation syndrome in Greek populations. PMID: 23869164
Three SNPs of LOXL1 (rs1048661, rs3825942, and 2,165,241) are highly associated with pseudoexfoliation syndrome in a Korean population. PMID: 23441117
None of the patients with exfoliation syndrome/glaucoma has the adenine (A) allele single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of rs3825942, whereas 16% of the control subjects have the LOXL1 variant. PMID: 23378724
Knockdown of E2F1 stabilized HIF-1alpha and promoted LOX expression, while knockdown of both E2F1 and HIF-1alpha prevented the up-regulation of LOX PMID: 23196386
There was no significant difference in the frequency of the DNA copy number variants in the LOXL1 region between the exfoliation glaucoma cases and the controls. PMID: 23288989
The -22G/C polymorphism may affect the expression of LOX, and that -22G/C and 473G/A polymorphisms may be new risk factors for osteosarcoma. PMID: 22911823
study suggests that LOX G473A polymorphism is a new risk factor for ovarian cancer and that LOX protein might be a possible therapeutic target in ovarian cancer PMID: 22906264
A significant association was found for the G allele of rs1048661 and rs3825942 in pseudoexfoliative glaucoma patients of Pakistani origin. PMID: 22605916
The findings provide evidence for a pseudoexfoliation-specific elastinopathy of the lamina cribrosa resulting from a primary disturbance in LOXL1 regulation and elastic fiber homeostasis. PMID: 22633114
The Saudi Arabian primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) population, similar to all other populations studied to date, demonstrates no association with SNPs associated with pseudoexfoliation glaucoma. PMID: 21510775
The R141L and G153D variations in the NH2-terminal region of LOXL1 do not affect the amine oxidase activity of LOXL1 associated with exfoliation glaucoma. PMID: 22328822
Spectroscopic results show that in all cases lysyl oxidase folds correctly but that the copper content, enzymatic activity, and redox-cycling ability depends on the mutation. PMID: 21190048
Transforming Growth Factor-Beta induces up-regulation expression of lysyl oxidase family in anterior cruciate ligament and medial collateral ligament fibroblasts. PMID: 21674292

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

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