Recombinant Human Kynurenine 3-Monooxygenase (KMO) Protein (His-SUMO)

Name: Recombinant Human Kynurenine 3-Monooxygenase (KMO) Protein (His-SUMO)
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BLC-10217P
Availability: InStock

Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

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Product Overview

Description	Recombinant Human Kynurenine 3-Monooxygenase (KMO) Protein (His-SUMO) is produced by our E.coli expression system. This is a full length protein.
Purity	Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
Uniprotkb	O15229
Target Symbol	KMO
Synonyms	dJ317G22.1; kmo; KMO_HUMAN; Kynurenine 3 hydroxylase; Kynurenine 3 monooxygenase (kynurenine 3 hydroxylase); Kynurenine 3 monooxygenase; Kynurenine 3-hydroxylase; Kynurenine 3-monooxygenase; RP1-317G22.1
Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
Expression System	E.coli
Tag	N-6His-SUMO
Target Protein Sequence	MDSSVIQRKKVAVIGGGLVGSLQACFLAKRNFQIDVYEAREDTRVATFTRGRSINLALSHRGRQALKAVGLEDQIVSQGIPMRARMIHSLSGKKSAIPYGTKSQYILSVSRENLNKDLLTAAEKYPNVKMHFNHRLLKCNPEEGMITVLGSDKVPKDVTCDLIVGCDGAYSTVRSHLMKKPRFDYSQQYIPHGYMELTIPPKNGDYAMEPNYLHIWPRNTFMMIALPNMNKSFTCTLFMPFEEFEKLLTSNDVVDFFQKYFPDAIPLIGEKLLVQDFFLLPAQPMISVKCSSFHFKSHCVLLGDAAHAIVPFFGQGMNAGFEDCLVFDELMDKFSNDLSLCLPVFSRLRIPDDHAISDLSMYNYIEMRAHVNSSWFIFQKNMERFLHAIMPSTFIPLYTMVTFSRIRYHEAVQRWHWQKKVINKGLFFLGSLIAISSTYLLIHYMSPRSFLRLRRPWNWIAHFRNTTCFPAKAVDSLEQISNLISR
Expression Range	1-486aa
Protein Length	Full Length
Mol. Weight	71.8kDa
Research Area	Metabolism
Form	Liquid or Lyophilized powder
Buffer	Liquid form: default storage buffer is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 5%-50% glycerol. Lyophilized powder form: the buffer before lyophilization is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 6% Trehalose, pH 8.0.
Reconstitution	Briefly centrifuged the vial prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Reconstitute protein in deionized sterile water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL. It is recommended to add 5-50% of glycerol (final concentration) and aliquot for long-term storage at -20°C/-80°C. The default final concentration of glycerol is 50%.
Storage	1. Store at -20°C/-80°C upon receipt, aliquoting is necessary for mutiple use. 2. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. 3. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week. 4. In general, protein in liquid form is stable for up to 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. Protein in lyophilized powder form is stable for up to 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.
Notes	Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week.

Target Details

Target Function	Catalyzes the hydroxylation of L-kynurenine (L-Kyn) to form 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine (L-3OHKyn). Required for synthesis of quinolinic acid, a neurotoxic NMDA receptor antagonist and potential endogenous inhibitor of NMDA receptor signaling in axonal targeting, synaptogenesis and apoptosis during brain development. Quinolinic acid may also affect NMDA receptor signaling in pancreatic beta cells, osteoblasts, myocardial cells, and the gastrointestinal tract (Probable).
Subcellular Location	Mitochondrion outer membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein.
Protein Families	Aromatic-ring hydroxylase family, KMO subfamily
Database References	HGNC: 6381 OMIM: 603538 KEGG: hsa:8564 STRING: 9606.ENSP00000355517 UniGene: Hs.731056
Tissue Specificity	Highest levels in placenta and liver. Detectable in kidney.

Gene Functions References

There is the association between the rs1053230 polymorphism and depression. PMID: 28139632
results show the incidence of Postpartum Depression in the Chinese population to be 7.3%, with PDS characterized by increased serum 3-HydroxyKinurenine concentration and 3-HK/Kynurenine ratio, versus matched postpartum women without PDS. Furthermore, polymorphisms of Kynurenine Monooxygenase rs1053230 are significantly associated with the incidence of PDS. PMID: 28319697
Our data establish the candidacy of KMO as a causal factor for changes in the kidney leading to proteinuria and indicate a functional role for KMO and metabolites of the tryptophan pathway in podocytes PMID: 27020856
A comprehensive review of the molecular properties of KMO, including its kinetics, reaction mechanism, and inhibitor structure-activity relationship (SAR), is not currently available and, thus, is our focus here PMID: 26589832
SiRNA knockdown of the pathway components Kynurenine 3-monooxygenase and quinolinate phosphoribosyl transferase caused cells to revert to a state of susceptibility to 3HK-mediated apoptosis. PMID: 27077813
These results suggest that KMO exhibits tumor-promoting effects towards hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and it may serve as a novel prognostic marker in HCC. PMID: 26099564
Results suggest that KMO variation influences a range of cognitive domains known to predict functional outcome in schizophrenia PMID: 25464917
Two KMO SNPs were observed more often in schizophrenia patient group compared with healthy controls. PMID: 25715464
findings from five independent cohorts suggest that genetic variation in KMO influences the risk for psychotic features in mania of bipolar disorder patients. PMID: 23459468
Study reporting on the first successful bacterial (Escherichia coli) expression of active FLAGtrade mark-tagged human KMO enzyme expressed in the soluble fraction and progress towards its purification. PMID: 24316190
analyzed association between KMO gene polymorphisms and CSF concentrations of kynurenic acid in patients with schizophrenia and controls. results suggest that the nonsynonymous KMO SNP rs1053230 influences CSF concentrations of KYNA. PMID: 21693093
significant and correlated reduction in gene expression and enzyme activity in the frontal eye field in schizophrenia patients; rs2275163 has modest effects on predictive pursuit and visuospatial working memory endophenotypes PMID: 21727251
The present analysis of the combined Scandinavian sample did not reveal any allele frequency difference between patients and healthy controls PMID: 21030213
the function KMO AND indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase may change from a role in immunosuppression at the maternal-fetal interface in early pregnancy, to one associated with regulation of fetoplacental blood flow or placental metabolism in late gestation PMID: 15950064
Results suggest that kynurenine 3-monooxygenase is unlikely to be related to the development of schizophrenia in Japanese. PMID: 16716206

FAQs

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

To learn more about how to properly dissolve the lyophilized recombinant protein, please visit Lyophilization FAQs.