Recombinant Human Kininogen-1 (KNG1) Protein (His)

Name: Recombinant Human Kininogen-1 (KNG1) Protein (His)
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BLC-03552P
Availability: InStock

Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

Collections: All products, High-quality recombinant proteins, Other recombinant proteins

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Product Overview

Description	Recombinant Human Kininogen-1 (KNG1) Protein (His) is produced by our E.coli expression system. This is a protein fragment.
Purity	Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
Uniprotkb	P01042
Target Symbol	KNG1
Synonyms	Alpha-2-thiol proteinase inhibitor; BDK; BK; Bradykinin; Bradykinin included; Fitzgerald factor; FLAUJEAC FACTOR; High molecular weight kininogen; HMWK; Ile-Ser-Bradykinin; Kallidin I; Kallidin II; KNG; KNG1; KNG1_HUMAN; Low molecular weight growth-promoting factor; WILLIAMS FACTOR; Williams-Fitzgerald-Flaujeac factor
Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
Expression System	E.coli
Tag	N-6His
Target Protein Sequence	SSRIGEIKEETTVSPPHTSMAPAQDEERDSGKEQGHTRRHDWGHEKQRKHNLGHGHKHERDQGHGHQRGHGLGHGHEQQHGLGHGHKFKLDDDLEHQGGHVLDHGHKHKHGHGHGKHKNKGKKNGKHNGWKTEHLASSSEDSTTPSAQTQEKTEGPTPIPSLAKPGVTVTFSDFQDSDLIATMMPPISPAPIQSDDDWIPDIQIDPNGLSFNPISDFPDTTSPKCPGRPWKSVSEINPTTQMKESYYFDL
Expression Range	390-639aa
Protein Length	Partial
Mol. Weight	31.8 kDa
Research Area	Cardiovascular
Form	Liquid or Lyophilized powder
Buffer	Liquid form: default storage buffer is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 5%-50% glycerol. Lyophilized powder form: the buffer before lyophilization is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 6% Trehalose, pH 8.0.
Reconstitution	Briefly centrifuged the vial prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Reconstitute protein in deionized sterile water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL. It is recommended to add 5-50% of glycerol (final concentration) and aliquot for long-term storage at -20°C/-80°C. The default final concentration of glycerol is 50%.
Storage	1. Store at -20°C/-80°C upon receipt, aliquoting is necessary for mutiple use. 2. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. 3. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week. 4. In general, protein in liquid form is stable for up to 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. Protein in lyophilized powder form is stable for up to 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.
Notes	Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week.

Target Details

Target Function	(1) Kininogens are inhibitors of thiol proteases; (2) HMW-kininogen plays an important role in blood coagulation by helping to position optimally prekallikrein and factor XI next to factor XII; (3) HMW-kininogen inhibits the thrombin- and plasmin-induced aggregation of thrombocytes; (4) the active peptide bradykinin that is released from HMW-kininogen shows a variety of physiological effects: (4A) influence in smooth muscle contraction, (4B) induction of hypotension, (4C) natriuresis and diuresis, (4D) decrease in blood glucose level, (4E) it is a mediator of inflammation and causes (4E1) increase in vascular permeability, (4E2) stimulation of nociceptors (4E3) release of other mediators of inflammation (e.g. prostaglandins), (4F) it has a cardioprotective effect (directly via bradykinin action, indirectly via endothelium-derived relaxing factor action); (5) LMW-kininogen inhibits the aggregation of thrombocytes; (6) LMW-kininogen is in contrast to HMW-kininogen not involved in blood clotting.
Subcellular Location	Secreted, extracellular space.
Database References	HGNC: 6383 OMIM: 228960 KEGG: hsa:3827 STRING: 9606.ENSP00000265023 UniGene: PMID: 28651026 Three loci showed robust, replicating association with circulating FXI levels: KNG1 (rs710446, P-value = 2.07 x 10-302), F11 (rs4253417, P-value = 2.86 x 10-193), and a novel association in GCKR (rs780094, P-value = 3.56 x10-09), here for the first time implicated in FXI regulation. The two first SNPs (rs710446 and rs4253417) also associated with partial thromboplastin time PMID: 28053049 findings show that the KNG1 locus plays a central role as a genetic determinant of the entire coagulation pathway and thrombus/clot formation PMID: 28005926 Urinary KNG1 and RBP4 clearly respond to AKI. Additionally, RBP4 could predict recovery by monitoring this protein levels over time after AKI, as RBP4 reflects patient's normalization earlier than sCr values do. PMID: 26792617 KNG1 rs710446/ rs2304456 SNPs are not related to the incidence of Alzheimer's disease in a Hunan Han Chinese population. PMID: 26884824 Low urine KNG1 expression is associated with clear cell renal cell carcinoma. PMID: 26420021 The results of this study supported the association of the epistatic interactions of ALOX5AP, THBD, and KNG1 and present novel evidence for the main effect of KNG1 gene on IS susceptibility. PMID: 26159646 Bradykinin stimulates pro-contractile signalling mechanisms in human myometrial cells and arrestin proteins play key roles in their regulation. PMID: 25766502 Measuring plasma levels of cleaved HK may be a sensitive mean of assessing disease severity in HAE-C1-INH patients. PMID: 24552232 The antimicrobial protein kininogen evolved adaptively in mammals and human populations. PMID: 23505046 results demonstrate that HKa accelerates the onset of EPC senescence by stimulating JNK/FOXO4/MnSOD pathway, its effect is mediated by the HC PMID: 24984152 When the concentrations of IGFBP-6 or KNG1 were greater than 98.5 pg/ml or 88.5 ng/ml, respectively, they predicted the proliferative vitreoretinopathy prognosis. PMID: 23808406 uPAR mediates efferocytosis through high molecular weight kininogen interaction with phosphatidylserine on apoptotic cells PMID: 24688027 these results suggest that D5(H) of high molecular weight kininogen may modulate cell adhesion and invasion together with actinin-4. PMID: 23000411 KNG1 and F11 are the main genetic regulators of plasma FXI level. PMID: 22701019 The results showed that bradykinin stimulates Toll-like receptor 2 transcription and translation by activation of protein kinase C as well as proto-oncogene protein AKT. PMID: 21982724 kininogen-1 and thymosin-beta(4) are potential new biomarkers for human chronic hepatitis C. PMID: 21496200 Bacteroides fragilis and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, were found to bind HK and fibrinogen PMID: 21527472 High molecular weight kininogen activates B2 receptor signaling pathway in human vascular endothelial cells. PMID: 21586566 Kininogen-1 and IGFBP-6 are expressed in serum and vitreous humor in proliferative vitreoretinopathy patients. PMID: 21054968 Bradykinin, acting via bradykinin 2 receptors, initiates an important signal directing the invasion of glioma patients' cells toward blood vessels. PMID: 21451024 KNG1 Ile581Thr and susceptibility to venous thrombosis. PMID: 21270443 expression of ACE is lowest in elderly women, despite the presence of similar BK degradation in pericardial fluid PMID: 19592120 These findings provide the first genome-wide significant evidence of association with plasma adiponectin at the CDH13 locus and identify a novel uncommon KNG1-ADIPOQ haplotype strongly associated with adiponectin levels in Filipinos. PMID: 20876611 KNG1 SNP rs710448 (allele frequency 42%) was associated with decreased risk (OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.3-0.8) among women but not men. PMID: 19716087 High-glucose stimulates tubular proinflammatory, profibrotic and angiogenic signals, which is partly mediated through bradykinin via MAPK signalling and partly through protein kinase C independent of bradykinin. PMID: 19923143 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in KNG1 is associated with activated partial thromboplastin time. PMID: 20303064 our findings suggest that bradykinin and bradykinin B2 receptors are involved in the modulation of mechanisms participating in inflammatory synovitis PMID: 20050188 Bradykinin enhances the migration of chondrosarcoma cells by increasing alpha2beta1 integrin expression through the BK receptors/PLC/PKCdelta/NF-kappaB signal transduction pathway. PMID: 19885862 High molecular weight kininogen (HKa) mimics lipopolysaccharides by triggering a paracrine pathway in monocytes that depends on TNF-alpha and IL-1beta. Upregulation of tissue factor in monocytes by cleaved HKa is dependent on TNF-alpha and IL-1beta. PMID: 19966052 inhibition of vitronectin-mediated haptotaxis and haptoinvasion of MG-63 cells by domain 5 PMID: 11689005 Heat shock protein 90 catalyzes activation of the prekallikrein-kininogen complex in the absence of factor XII. PMID: 11792853 down-regulates cathepsin G-induced platelet activation by forming a complex with cathepsin G and thus prevents binding of cathepsin G to platelets PMID: 11920276 a defined region can abolish platelet adhesion to vitronectin and block platelet aggregation PMID: 11970955 Ferritin binds to light chain of human H-kininogen and inhibits kallikrein-mediated bradykinin release. PMID: 12071855 kininogen has as role as a antithrombotic agent by inhibiting plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 PMID: 12082110 Bradykinin induces IL-6 production in human airway smooth muscle cells. PMID: 12594059 free HK, or HK in complex with prekallikrein but not in complex with factor XI, interacts with the endothelium and can maintain endothelial cell quiescence by preventing endothelial stimulation by thrombin. PMID: 12663668 transcriptional activation of the interleukin-8 promoter by bradykinin involves the prostanoid-independent activation of nuclear factor-kappaB, and prostanoid-dependent activation of activating protein-1 and nuclear factor-interleukin-6 PMID: 12748173 kininogen is a novel and direct target of farnesoid X receptor PMID: 12761213 Bradykinin is a powerful spasmogen via B(2) receptor activation in the normal and, especially, in the inflamed human gallbladder. PMID: 12851878 sequences in domain 5 of high molecular weight kininogen interact with heparin and zinc PMID: 12911595 High molecular weight kininogen regulates platelet-leukocyte interactions by bridging Mac-1 and glycoprotein Ib PMID: 12952972 His-Gly-Lys motif and lysine residue (Lys487) play essential roles in inhibition of cell adhesion and invasion in vitro and in prevention of metastasis of cancer cells in vivo PMID: 14506238 COX-2 induction by bradykinin in human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells is mediated by the cyclic AMP response element through a novel autocrine loop involving endogenous prostaglandin E2, EP2 receptor, and EP4 receptor PMID: 14517215 binds with high specificity and affinity to microvascular endothelial cells, but with lower affinity to astrocytes; cytokeratin 1, u-PAR,and gC1qR were found to be high molecular weight kininogen binding proteins present at the surface of these cells PMID: 14597972 The rate of kallikrein formation by the assembly of factor XII, high molecular weight KNG and PK were similar in both heparinase-treated and non-treated HUVEC, indicating that heparan sulfate does not contribute significantly to HK binding to HUVEC. PMID: 14629481 physically disrupts the formation of a signaling complex containing uPAR, integrin alpha(v)beta3 or alpha5beta1, caveolin, and Src kinase Yes in endothelial cells in a manner that parallels its apoptotic effect PMID: 15044324 ACE-I-induced renoprotection, in the context of macrophage-stimulated mesangial cell scarring, is mediated, at least in part, via the actions of bradykinin. PMID: 15086463 high molecular weight kininogen has an antibacterial domain, called domain 5 PMID: 16091369

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

To learn more about how to properly dissolve the lyophilized recombinant protein, please visit Lyophilization FAQs.