Recombinant Human IL-36g Protein

Name: Recombinant Human IL-36g Protein
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BL-1749NP
Availability: InStock

BL-1749NP: Greater than 95% as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE. (QC verified)

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Product Overview

Description	Recombinant Human Interleukin-36 Gamma is produced by our E.coli expression system and the target gene encoding Ser18-Asp169 is expressed.
Accession	Q9NZH8
Synonym	Interleukin-36 gamma; IL36G; IL-1-related protein 2; IL-1RP2; IL-1 epsilon; IL-1F9; Interleukin-1 homolog 1; IL-1H1
Gene Background	Interleukin-36 gamma (IL-36γ) is a member of the interleukin 1 cytokine family that includes three closely related genes, IL-36α, β, and γ, formerly known as IL-1F6, F8, and F9 respectively. IL-36α has been detected in both neuronal and synovial tissue, whereas IL-36β and IL-36γ are expressed in both cutaneous and mucosal epithelial cells, including the respiratory tract. IL-36β and IL-36γ stimulate proliferation, maturation and/or cytokine expression by innate immune cells (such as keratinocytes and dendritic cells), and adaptive immune cells (neutrophils and T-cells) in both humans and mice. The activity of IL-36α is mediated by interleukin 1 receptor-like 2 (IL1RL2/IL1R-rp2), and is specifically inhibited by interleukin 1 family, member 5 (IL1F5/IL-1 delta). IL-36γ plays an important role in communicating the cell death to surrounding cells.
Molecular Mass	17 KDa
Apmol Mass	14-16 KDa, reducing conditions
Formulation	Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution of 20mM Tris-HCl, 100mM NaCl, 0.1mM EDTA, pH 8.0.
Endotoxin	Less than 0.1 ng/µg (1 EU/µg) as determined by LAL test.
Purity	Greater than 95% as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE. (QC verified)
Biological Activity	Biologically active. Please contact us to obtain bioactivity data.
Reconstitution	Always centrifuge tubes before opening. Do not mix by vortex or pipetting. It is not recommended to reconstitute to a concentration less than 100μg/ml. Dissolve the lyophilized protein in distilled water. Please aliquot the reconstituted solution to minimize freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage	Lyophilized protein should be stored at ≤ -20°C, stable for one year after receipt. Reconstituted protein solution can be stored at 2-8°C for 2-7 days. Aliquots of reconstituted samples are stable at ≤ -20°C for 3 months.
Shipping	The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature listed below.
Usage	For Research Use Only

Target Details

Target Function	Cytokine that binds to and signals through the IL1RL2/IL-36R receptor which in turn activates NF-kappa-B and MAPK signaling pathways in target cells. Part of the IL-36 signaling system that is thought to be present in epithelial barriers and to take part in local inflammatory response; similar to the IL-1 system with which it shares the coreceptor IL1RAP. Seems to be involved in skin inflammatory response by acting on keratinocytes, dendritic cells and indirectly on T-cells to drive tissue infiltration, cell maturation and cell proliferation. In cultured keratinocytes induces the expression of macrophage, T-cell, and neutrophil chemokines, such as CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, CCL2, CCL17, CCL22, CL20, CCL5, CCL2, CCL17, CCL22, CXCL8, CCL20 and CXCL1; also stimulates its own expression and that of the prototypic cutaneous proinflammatory parameters TNF-alpha, S100A7/psoriasin and inducible NOS. May play a role in proinflammatory responses during particular neutrophilic airway inflammation: activates mitogen-activated protein kinases and NF-kappa B in primary lung fibroblasts, and stimulates the expression of IL-8 and CXCL3 and Th17 chemokine CCL20 in lung fibroblasts. May be involved in the innate immune response to fungal pathogens, such as Aspergillus fumigatus.
Subcellular Location	Cytoplasm. Secreted.
Protein Families	IL-1 family
Database References	HGNC: 15741 OMIM: 605542 KEGG: hsa:56300 STRING: 9606.ENSP00000259205 UniGene: PMID: 29571080 Cathepsin S was identified as the major IL-36gamma-activating protease expressed in epithelial cells. PMID: 28289191 enhanced expression of IL-36gamma was observed in plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome because of bacterial pneumonia PMID: 28176791 IL-36-mediated IL-6 and CXCL8 production in human lung fibroblasts and bronchial epithelial cells may be involved in pulmonary inflammation especially caused by bacterial or viral infections. PMID: 28869889 With a focus on the skin as a target for microbial and viral invasion, the current knowledge of IL-36: IL-36alpha, IL-36beta and IL-36gamma, functions is reviewed. One physiological function of the IL-36smay be to counteract microbial immune evasion. [Review] PMID: 28811383 IL-36gamma inhibits differentiation and induces inflammation of keratinocyte via Wnt signaling pathway in psoriasis. PMID: 28924372 IL-36gamma-stimulated endothelial cells secrete the proinflammatory chemokines IL-8, CCL2 and CCL20. PMID: 27673278 skin injury increases IL-36gamma via the activation of TLR3-SLUG-VDR axis and IL-36gamma induces REG3A to promote wound healing PMID: 28774595 Autocrine and Paracrine Regulation of Keratinocyte Proliferation through a Novel Nrf2-IL-36gamma Pathway PMID: 27183581 Here the authors show that Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection of macrophages induces IL-36gamma production in a 2-stage-regulated fashion. PMID: 27389350 IL-36gamma, a member of the IL-1 superfamily, is involved in host defense and contributes to proinflammatory responses and development of inflammatory diseases. PMID: 27853811 IL-36gamma is significantly more strongly expressed in the epidermis of patients with psoriasis-based erythroderma than in other inflammatory skin diseases. PMID: 26524325 Study shows that plasma concentrations of IL-36alpha and IL-36gamma are overexpressed in active systemic lupus erythematosus patients and that IL-36alpha has a substantial pro-inflammatory effect through regulation of IL-6 and CXCL8 production. PMID: 26516833 IRF6 is likely to promote inflammation to P. gingivalis through its regulation of IL-36gamma. PMID: 26819203 Findings indicate that Interleukin (IL)-1beta-induced interleukin 36 gamma (IL-36gamma) expression is mediated by the activation of transcriptional factors, NF-kappaB p65 and AP-1 (c-jun). PMID: 26562662 IL36G was identified as strong regulators of skin pathology in both lesional and non-lesional skin samples. PMID: 25897967 Decreased Langerhans cell responses to IL36G: altered innate immunity in patients with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis PMID: 24950037 IL-36gamma expression inversely correlated with the progression of human melanoma and lung cancer. PMID: 26321222 IL-36gamma is a valuable biomarker in psoriasis patients, both for diagnostic purposes and measurement of disease activity during the clinical course PMID: 25525775 CAMP induces IL-36gamma expression leading to initiation of skin inflammation and occasional exacerbations of psoriasis. PMID: 25305315 IL-36 promotes myeloid cell infiltration, activation, and inflammatory activity in skin PMID: 24829417 This is the first report of extracellular release of endogenous IL-36gamma through pyroptosis suggesting a function of IL-36gamma as an alarmin. PMID: 22318382 Data presented herein shed further light on involvement of T-bet in innate immunity and suggest that IL-36gamma, besides IFNgamma, may contribute to functions of this transcription factor in immunopathology. PMID: 23095752 Interleukin-36 (IL-36) ligands require processing for full agonist (IL-36alpha, IL-36beta, and IL-36gamma) or antagonist (IL-36Ra) activity PMID: 21965679 Regulation and function of the IL-1 family cytokine IL-1F9 in human bronchial epithelial cells. PMID: 20870894 Expression of IL-1F9 is increased in human plaque psoriasis skin and is overexpressed in a transgenic mouse psoriasis model. PMID: 21242515 IL-1F6 and IL-1F8, in addition to IL-1F9, activate the pathway leading to NF-kappaB in an IL-1Rrp2-dependent manner in Jurkat cells PMID: 14734551 This is the first report of IL-1 genotype association with the inflammation of skeletal muscle following acute resistance exercise that may potentially affect the adaptations to chronic resistance exercise. PMID: 15331687 This report demonstrates expression of IL1F9 by bronchial epithelial cells induced by pro-inflammatory stimuli, suggesting a function of this molecule in airway inflammation. PMID: 15701729

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

To learn more about how to properly dissolve the lyophilized recombinant protein, please visit Lyophilization FAQs.