Recombinant Human IL-36a Protein

Name: Recombinant Human IL-36a Protein
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BL-2107NP
Availability: InStock

BL-2107NP: Greater than 95% as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE. (QC verified)

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Product Overview

Description	Recombinant Human Interleukin-36 Alpha is produced by our E.coli expression system and the target gene encoding Lys6-Phe158 is expressed.
Accession	Q9UHA7
Synonym	Interleukin-36 Alpha; FIL1 Epsilon; Interleukin-1 Epsilon; IL-1 Epsilon; Interleukin-1 Family Member 6; IL-1F6; IL36A; FIL1E; IL1E; IL1F6
Gene Background	Human Interleukin-36α (IL-36α) is a secreted cytokine that belongs to the Interleukin 1 cytokine family. IL-36α is expressed in the immune system and the fetal brain, but not in other tissues or multiple hematopoietic cell lines. IL-36α is the only IL-1 family member found to be expressed on T-cells. IL-36α and IL-1F8 are involved in the regulation of adipose tissue gene expression. Importantly, IL-36α inhibits PPARγ expression, which may lead to a reduction in adipocyte differentiation suggesting metabolic effects of this cytokine. IL-36α, along with IL-1F8 and IL-1F9, has been shown to act as an agonist by activating the pathway involving NFκB and MAPK in an IL-1Rrp2 dependent manner. This suggest that IL-36α may signal in a similar fashion to IL-1 and IL-18 in having a binding receptor which upon ligation, recruits a second receptor as a signaling component, forming an active heterodimeric receptor complex.
Molecular Mass	17.1 KDa
Apmol Mass	17 KDa, reducing conditions
Formulation	Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution of 50mM Tris-HCl, 150mM NaCl, 1 mM EDTA, 0.02% Tween 20, pH 8.0.
Endotoxin	Less than 0.1 ng/µg (1 EU/µg) as determined by LAL test.
Purity	Greater than 95% as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE. (QC verified)
Biological Activity	Not tested
Reconstitution	Always centrifuge tubes before opening. Do not mix by vortex or pipetting. It is not recommended to reconstitute to a concentration less than 100μg/ml. Dissolve the lyophilized protein in distilled water. Please aliquot the reconstituted solution to minimize freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage	Lyophilized protein should be stored at ≤ -20°C, stable for one year after receipt. Reconstituted protein solution can be stored at 2-8°C for 2-7 days. Aliquots of reconstituted samples are stable at ≤ -20°C for 3 months.
Shipping	The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature listed below.
Usage	For Research Use Only

Target Details

Target Function	Cytokine that binds to and signals through the IL1RL2/IL-36R receptor which in turn activates NF-kappa-B and MAPK signaling pathways in target cells linked to a pro-inflammatory response. Part of the IL-36 signaling system that is thought to be present in epithelial barriers and to take part in local inflammatory response; similar to the IL-1 system with which it shares the coreceptor IL1RAP. Seems to be involved in skin inflammatory response by acting on keratinocytes, dendritic cells and indirectly on T-cells to drive tissue infiltration, cell maturation and cell proliferation. In cultured keratinocytes induces the expression of macrophage, T-cell, and neutrophil chemokines, such as CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, CCL2, CCL17, CCL22, CL20, CCL5, CCL2, CCL17, CCL22, CXCL8, CCL20 and CXCL1, and the production of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-alpha, IL-8 and IL-6. In cultured monocytes upregulates expression of IL-1A, IL-1B and IL-6. In myeloid dendritic cells involved in cell maturation by upregulating surface expression of CD83, CD86 and HLA-DR. In monocyte-derived dendritic cells facilitates dendritic cell maturation and drives T-cell proliferation. May play a role in proinflammatory effects in the lung.
Subcellular Location	Cytoplasm. Secreted.
Protein Families	IL-1 family
Database References	HGNC: 15562 OMIM: 605509 KEGG: hsa:27179 STRING: 9606.ENSP00000259211 UniGene: PMID: 29571080 Data suggest that interleukin-36alpha (IL-36alpha) plays an important role in the pathophysiology of inflammation and fibrosis in the pancreas via an autocrine function. PMID: 28099250 The data identify a novel role for IL-36 signaling in colonic inflammation and indicate that the IL-36R pathway may represent a novel target for therapeutic intervention. PMID: 26813344 IL-36a was displayed to be able to suppress the growth of epithelial ovarian cancer cells in our setting, which is suggestive of its druggable potential in curing the epithelial ovarian cancer and that upregulation of IL-36a was found to be capable of inhibiting the growth of epithelial ovarian cancer cells. PMID: 28621240 Increased Expression of Interleukin-36 is associated with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. PMID: 26752465 IL-36alpha acts as a pro-inflammatory cytokine at cartilage level, by increasing the expression of markers of inflammation and cartilage catabolism. PMID: 26560022 Study shows that plasma concentrations of IL-36alpha and IL-36gamma are overexpressed in active systemic lupus erythematosus patients and that IL-36alpha has a substantial pro-inflammatory effect through regulation of IL-6 and CXCL8 production. PMID: 26516833 increases maturation of monocyte-derived dendritic cells PMID: 25700962 IL36A-IL36R axis is modulated in patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome. PMID: 25902739 IL-36alpha was highly expressed in nearly half of all colorectal cancer patients. Low expression level of IL-36alpha correlated with larger tumor size and advanced cancer stage. Low expression of IL-36alpha resulted in a poor prognosis of colorectal cancer patients. PMID: 25550854 Results show that IL-36alpha expression may play a pivotal role in determining the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). PMID: 24061617 The novel cytokine interleukin-36alpha is expressed in psoriatic and rheumatoid arthritis synovium. PMID: 23268368 Expression of IL-1F6 is increased in human plaque psoriasis skin and in the lesional skin of transgenic mice compared with monotransgenic littermates. PMID: 21242515 A functional IL-6 polymorphism has been weakly associated with level of peak bone mineral density and the rate of forearm trabecular postmenopausal bone loss in a cohort of women. PMID: 12110411 Dysregulated expression in transgenic mice can promote cutaneous inflammation, revealing potential novel targets for the treatment of inflammatory skin disorders. PMID: 17908936 IL-1 epsilon, an interleukin-1 agonist, activates NF-kappa B through the orphan IL-1 receptor-related protein 2 and may constitute part of an independent signaling system present in human epithelial barriers. PMID: 11466363

FAQs

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

To learn more about how to properly dissolve the lyophilized recombinant protein, please visit Lyophilization FAQs.