Recombinant Human IL-18 Protein

Name: Recombinant Human IL-18 Protein
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BL-1748NP
Availability: InStock

BL-1748NP: Greater than 95% as determined by SEC-HPLC. (Regularly tested)

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Product Overview

Description	Recombinant Human Interleukin-18 is produced by our E.coli expression system and the target gene encoding Tyr37-Asp193 is expressed.
Accession	Q14116
Synonym	Interleukin-18; Iboctadekin; Interferon gamma-inducing factor; IFN-gamma-inducing factor; Interleukin-1 gamma; IL-1 gamma;GIF; IL-18; IL-1g; IL1F4; MGC12320
Gene Background	Interleukin-18 is a secreted protein and it belongs to the IL-1 family. IL-18 is a proinflammatory cytokine and produced by macrophages and other cells. This cytokine can induce the IFN-gamma production of T cells. The combination of this cytokine and IL12 has been shown to inhibit IL-4 dependent IgE and IgG1 production, and enhance IgG2a production of B cells. IL-18 binding protein (IL18BP) can specifically interact with this cytokine, and thus negatively regulate its biological activity. After stimulation with IL-18, natural killer (NK) cells and certain T cells release another important cytokine called interferon-γ (IFN-γ) or type II interferon that plays an important role in activating the macrophages or other cells.
Molecular Mass	18.2 KDa
Apmol Mass	17 KDa, reducing conditions
Formulation	Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution of PBS, pH 7.4.
Endotoxin	Less than 0.1 ng/µg (1 EU/µg) as determined by LAL test.
Purity	Greater than 95% as determined by SEC-HPLC. (Regularly tested)
Biological Activity	Not tested
Reconstitution	Always centrifuge tubes before opening.Do not mix by vortex or pipetting.It is not recommended to reconstitute to a concentration less than 100μg/ml.Dissolve the lyophilized protein in distilled water.Please aliquot the reconstituted solution to minimize freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage	Lyophilized protein should be stored at ≤ -20°C, stable for one year after receipt.Reconstituted protein solution can be stored at 2-8°C for 2-7 days.Aliquots of reconstituted samples are stable at ≤ -20°C for 3 months.
Shipping	The product is shipped at ambient temperature.Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature listed below.
Usage	For Research Use Only

Target Details

Target Function	A proinflammatory cytokine primarily involved in polarized T-helper 1 (Th1) cell and natural killer (NK) cell immune responses (Probable). Upon binding to IL18R1 and IL18RAP, forms a signaling ternary complex which activates NF-kappa-B, triggering synthesis of inflammatory mediators. Synergizes with IL12/interleukin-12 to induce IFNG synthesis from T-helper 1 (Th1) cells and natural killer (NK) cells (Probable).
Subcellular Location	Cytoplasm. Secreted.
Protein Families	IL-1 family
Database References	HGNC: 5986 OMIM: 600953 KEGG: hsa:3606 STRING: 9606.ENSP00000280357 UniGene: PMID: 29926984 SNPs associated with genetically determined high activity of TLR5 among patients with CD and genetically determined high IL-12 and IL-18 levels among patients with UC. PMID: 28139755 The adipose tissue IL-18R/IL-18 expression is enhanced in obesity which associates with proinflammatory gene signature and insulin resistance in these individuals. PMID: 28508444 Our study implied that elevated IL-18 expression and downregulation of GAS5 in serums might contribute to insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome patients. PMID: 29648472 Studied serum level of interleukin 18 (IL18) in HIV and Hepatitis C (HCV) coinfection and monoinfection. Found shown that IL-18 is increased in HIV/HCV coinfection when compared with monoinfection and that this increase is likely due to additive sensing of both viruses. PMID: 27927859 not associated with obesity in this study PMID: 28634744 multiple myeloma patients with IL-18 (rs16944) TT had the highest hemoglobin concentration PMID: 30211233 These results suggest that increased IL-18 secretion from larger numbers of neutrophils elicits mechanical hyperalgesia. PMID: 29353540 The results of this study suggests that IL-18 rs187238 and rs1946518 SNPs may be the cause of the AA susceptibility. PMID: 29349811 Studied association of single nucleotide polymorphisms of interleukin-18 (IL 18) and lower extremity deep venous thrombosis in a Chinese population. PMID: 29105174 PI3K is a signal linker between L-selectin and PSGL-1 in IL-18 transcriptional activation at the promoter level. PMID: 29218606 IL-18 is a susceptibility gene for the disease in southern Chinese children. PMID: 30059753 Postoperative serum Cystatin C, IL-18 and Uric acid after 24h were significantly associated with acute kidney injury PMID: 29627485 IL-18 is elevated in polycystic ovary syndrome patients, even in lean ones, and is correlated with insulin resistance and atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk PMID: 29105530 HuR plays an important role in the progression of esophageal carcinoma by targeting IL-18. PMID: 28231690 The IL18 promoter SNP, rs1946518, is a potential risk factor of periodontitis among young Japanese women. PMID: 29129846 The results of this study suggest that IL18 rs187238 and rs1946518 polymorphisms may be associated with an increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus as well as with BMI in pregnant women. PMID: 28580570 This is the first study to demonstrate that higher pre-treatment IL-18 is associated with HBeAg seroconversion in patients with HIV/HBV co-infection after 48 weeks of HBV cART, which suggests a role for the inflammasome in a favorable response to treatment. PMID: 28195558 Polymorphisms in the IL-18 gene are associated with viral load in Hepatitis B virus . PMID: 30045250 higher level of IL-18 was observed in the monocyte supernatant of the extremely preterm group during late-onset sepsis PMID: 29042061 Increased production of IL-18 in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue and peripheral blood of HIV infected patients. PMID: 29672590 this review discusses IL-18 biological properties and role in disease pathogenesis PMID: 29247988 IL-18 mRNA expression was increased significantly in chronic myeloid leukemia patients PMID: 29097263 these results suggest that the HIV-induced IL-18 plays a role in increased intestinal permeability and microbial translocation observed in HIV-infected individuals. PMID: 29601578 IL-18 gene variants may serve as important biomarkers in predicting the occurrence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Asian population. PMID: 29185028 The association of polymorphisms -137 (rs187238) and -607 (rs1946518) in the interleukin-18 (IL-18) promoter with risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). PMID: 28000712 These findings indicate that the IL-18 rs1946518 SNP in the donor liver is a risk factor for developing bacterial infection after liver transplantation. PMID: 29061223 Serum levels of IL-18 in nephropathic patient significantly rise and Serum levels of IL-18 might be a predictor factor of progression of diabetic nephropathy. PMID: 27663212 A higher IL-18 immunostaining in stroma of IBC and LABC was observed in comparison with tumor cells, but stromal immunoexpression was similar between IBC and LABC. PMID: 28766916 IL-18 was increased in lung myeloid cells in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. PMID: 28830544 a large proportion blood basophils from patients with asthma express IL-18 and IL-18BP. mast cells and basophils are implicated in the pathogenesis of asthma via an IL-18-related mechanism. PMID: 29505668 On PICU day 1, interleukin-18 predicted acute kidney injury with area under the curve=0.82, but neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and liver fatty acid binding protein predicted acute kidney injury with area under the curve of less than or equal to 0.69; on PICU day 2, area under the curve was higher. Interleukin-18 and liver fatty acid binding protein on day 1 predicted prolonged acute kidney injury. PMID: 28430754 Data show that tumor-derived IL-18 induced PD-1 expression on NK cells and is associated with poor prognosis in triple-negative breast cancer. PMID: 28415798 IL-23, alone and in combination with IL-18 and sRAGE, identified bacterial meningitis with excellent accuracy. Following validation, these markers could aid clinicians in diagnosis of bacterial meningitis and decision-making regarding prolongation of antibiotic therapy PMID: 29394248 cardiac IL-18 and circulating IL-18 are involved in the pathogenesis of Fabry cardiomyopathy and left ventricular hypertrophy. PMID: 27888626 Erdr1 is negatively expressed relative to Il-18 in psoriatic lesional skin. PMID: 26990875 rs187238 was not associated with T1D in the Euro-Brazilian population. PMID: 28973736 IL-18 (mRNA) in skeletal muscle appears to be involved in the regulation of intramuscular lipid metabolism and hypertriglyceridemia PMID: 29342149 The evidence for influenza A virus activation via an indirect, IL-18-dependent mechanism indicates that MAIT cells are protective in influenza, and also possibly in any human disease process in which inflammation and IL-18 production occur. PMID: 27543331 The development of urticaria, asthma, dermatitis, rhinitis, and eosinophilic disorders all have demonstrated correlations to increased IL-18 levels either in the tissue or systemically. IL-18 represents a novel site of immune regulation in not only allergic conditions, but also autoimmune diseases and other instances of aberrant immune functioning. PMID: 27496752 Results suggest that a common functional IL18 haplotype associated with heightened proinflammatory responses confers susceptibility to stress-related depression and anxiety through effects on threat-related amygdala function, a risk pathway specific to women. PMID: 27430614 human platelets contain transcripts for the IL-18 gene. They synthesize the cytokine de novo, process and release it upon activation. PMID: 27914933 abnormal IL-18 expression is induced by genital infection and induces damage to male reproductive capacity, thereby causing male infertility PMID: 26856767 IL-18 level was found to be significantly elevated in CAD patients compared with control individuals PMID: 28059484 The serum levels of IL-37, which were correlated with antibody production and the serum levels of total IL-18 and IL-18BP, were elevated in the patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome. PMID: 28057714 an imbalance in the production of IL-18 and its antagonist (an increase in the production of IL-18 with a decrease, no increase or an insufficient increase in the production of IL-18BP) has been described in many chronic inflammatory diseases in humans. PMID: 26898120 among systemic sclerosis patients in China, dyspnea was significantly associated with IL-18 -607C/A genotype frequency PMID: 27098064 We conclude that IL-18 protein and messenger RNA levels are increased in the endometrium of patients with PCOS, and this effect is correlated with body mass index. PMID: 27313119 Serum IL-18 levels are significantly elevated in depressive patients. PMID: 27455146 IL-18 cooperates with IL-15 to promote group 3 innate lymphoid cell (ILC3) proliferation and IL-22 production; describe an IL-18-induced, NF-kappaB-mediated mechanism that regulates IL-22 in ILC3s; at steady-state, IL-18 produced by dendritic cells mediates IL-22 production by ILC3s to help maintain normal tissue integrity PMID: 28842466

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

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