Recombinant Human Hexokinase-1 (HK1) Protein (His-SUMO)

Name: Recombinant Human Hexokinase-1 (HK1) Protein (His-SUMO)
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BLC-07947P
Availability: InStock

Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

Collections: High-quality recombinant proteins, Other recombinant proteins

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Product Overview

Description	Recombinant Human Hexokinase-1 (HK1) Protein (His-SUMO) is produced by our E.coli expression system. This is a protein fragment.
Purity	Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
Uniprotkb	P19367
Target Symbol	HK1
Synonyms	BB404130; Brain form hexokinase; dea; DrHXK1; EC 2.7.1.1; Glycolytic enzyme ; HEXOKIN; hexokinase I; Hexokinase PI; Hexokinase type I; Hexokinase; tumor isozyme; Hexokinase-1; Hexokinase-A; HK I; HK1; HK1 tb; HK1 tc; Hk1-s; HK1-ta; HK1-tb; HK1-tc; HKD; HKI; HMSNR; HXK1; HXK1_HUMAN; im:7148527; mHk1-s; wu:fc09d08; wu:fc16e02; wu:fc21e02; wu:fq14b11; zgc:55790; zgc:77618
Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
Expression System	E.coli
Tag	N-6His-SUMO
Target Protein Sequence	HFHLTKDMLLEVKKRMRAEMELGLRKQTHNNAVVKMLPSFVRRTPDGTENGDFLALDLGGTNFRVLLVKIRSGKKRTVEMHNKIYAIPIEIMQGTGEELFDHIVSCISDFLDYMGIKGPRMPLGFTFSFPCQQTSLDAGILITWTKGFKATDCVGHDVVTLLRDAIKRREEFDLDVVAVVNDTVGTMMTCAYEEPTCEVGLIVGTGSNACYMEEMKNVEMVEGDQGQMCINMEWGAFGDNGCLDDIRTHYDRLVDEYSLNAGKQRYEKMISGMYLGEIVRNILIDFTKKGFLFRGQISETLKTRGIFETKFLSQIESDRLALLQVRAILQQLGLNSTCDDSILVKTVCGVVSRRAAQLCGAGMAAVVDKIRENRGLDRLNVTVGVDGTLYKLHPHFSRIMHQTVKELSPKCNVSFLLSEDGSGKGAALITAVGVRLRTEASS
Expression Range	476-917aa
Protein Length	Partial
Mol. Weight	65.3kDa
Research Area	Metabolism
Form	Liquid or Lyophilized powder
Buffer	Liquid form: default storage buffer is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 5%-50% glycerol. Lyophilized powder form: the buffer before lyophilization is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 6% Trehalose, pH 8.0.
Storage	1. Store at -20°C/-80°C upon receipt, aliquoting is necessary for mutiple use. 2. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. 3. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week. 4. In general, protein in liquid form is stable for up to 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. Protein in lyophilized powder form is stable for up to 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.
Notes	Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week.

Target Details

Target Function	Catalyzes the phosphorylation of various hexoses, such as D-glucose, D-glucosamine, D-fructose, D-mannose and 2-deoxy-D-glucose, to hexose 6-phosphate (D-glucose 6-phosphate, D-glucosamine 6-phosphate, D-fructose 6-phosphate, D-mannose 6-phosphate and 2-deoxy-D-glucose 6-phosphate, respectively). Does not phosphorylate N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. Mediates the initial step of glycolysis by catalyzing phosphorylation of D-glucose to D-glucose 6-phosphate. Involved in innate immunity and inflammation by acting as a pattern recognition receptor for bacterial peptidoglycan. When released in the cytosol, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine component of bacterial peptidoglycan inhibits the hexokinase activity of HK1 and causes its dissociation from mitochondrial outer membrane, thereby activating the NLRP3 inflammasome.
Subcellular Location	Mitochondrion outer membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. Cytoplasm, cytosol.
Protein Families	Hexokinase family
Database References	HGNC: 4922 OMIM: 142600 KEGG: hsa:3098 STRING: 9606.ENSP00000384774 UniGene: PMID: 28054552 HK1 competes with SOD1 G93A mutant from familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis cases for binding VDAC1. PMID: 27721436 HK1 protein levels was decreased after luteolin treatment and partly restored when co-treated with luteolin and miR-34a inhibitor. PMID: 29054762 The pathogenic nature of the identified missense mutations was confirmed by biochemical and 3-dimensional structural analysis. The effects of the novel splice site mutation c.873-2A>G were studied at the level of pre-mRNA processing, and confirmed at the protein level. Four of the 6 mutations studied were new. PMID: 27282571 STAT3 expression is upregulated in both HBV- and HCV-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), while hexokinase II (HK-II) is predominantly upregulated and correlated to STAT3 in HBV-related HCC PMID: 26889748 Russe type hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy belongs to the most frequent types of hereditary neuropathy in the Czech Republic, which affects Roma and is caused by a HK1 mutation. PMID: 26822750 Data suggest that overexpression of hexokinase 1 (HK1) may act as a significant biomarker of poor prognosis for patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). PMID: 26476538 4-hydroxytamoxifen resistance in breast cancer cells is suppressed by curcumin, which targets the SLUG/Hexokinase 2 pathway PMID: 27012210 Our results suggest that overexpression of PKM2 and HK1, especially the latter, significantly associates with lymphatic metastasis, advanced clinical staging and unfavorable prognosis in gastric cancer. PMID: 26464675 The transport of glucose across the cell membrane by glucose transporters (GLUTs) and intracellular phosphorylation by hexokinases (HKs) are the initial steps of the glycolytic pathway. PMID: 25766729 HK1 and HK2 expression alterations were detected, that could be explained by common deregulation mechanisms of these genes in colorectal tumors. The HK3 expression level was significantly increased in 60% of samples. PMID: 26855992 Data indicate a missense mutation in hexokinase 1 (HK1) c.2539G > A, p.Glu847Lys, tracking with disease in all affected family members. PMID: 26427411 HK1 expression is highly enriched in neurons compared to astrocytes in the cerebral cortex. PMID: 25904018 HK-1 plays a non-metabolic role in HIV-1 infected macrophages by binding to mitochondria thereby maintaining mitochondrial integrity. PMID: 25602755 The present study was designed to evaluate the involvement of hexokinase and CPT-1 in the cell growth and proliferation of human prostate cancer cell lines, PC3, and LNCaP-FGC-10. PMID: 25501281 HK1 is expressed in retina, with two abundant isoforms expressed at similar levels. The Glu847Lys mutation is located at a highly conserved position in the protein, outside the catalytic domains. PMID: 25190649 Here, we identified HK1 as a novel causative gene for adRP. This is the first report that associates the glucose metabolic pathway with human retinal degenerative disease, suggesting a potential new disease mechanism. PMID: 25316723 Hexokinase 1 (HK1) is a mitochondrial protein that controls the tramsmembrane potential and blocks apoptotic signals at the mitochondria. PMID: 24018046 An increased ratio of HK1 protein in the extrasynaptic membrane/mitochondrial fraction of prefronal cortex was found in subjects with schizophrenia, suggesting that HK1 protein is abnormally partitioned in this illness PMID: 24560881 A genetic association of myelomeningocele in Chile found polymorphisms for HK1. PMID: 23427181 We detected mutation in the NDRG1 gene in two families and mutation in the HK1 gene in the other two families. These mutations cause Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease, Type 4D and Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, type 4g, respectively. PMID: 23996628 Dominant, diazoxide-responsive HI in this family maps to a novel locus on Chr10q21-22. Disease-associated variants were found in non-coding regions of HK1 PMID: 23859901 Data indicate that the most frequent form is SH3TC2 gene (CMT4C; 57.14%), followed by HK1 gene causative of CMT4G (CMT4G/HMSN-Russe 25%) and NDRG1 p.R148X in CMT type 4D (CMT4D/HMSN-Lom; 17.86%). PMID: 22978647 The screening for novel Parkin substrate(s) identified mitochondrial hexokinase I (HKI) as a candidate. PMID: 23068103 A key K8/K18 regulation of glucose metabolism in normal and cancerous hepatic cells through differential modulations of mitochondrial hexokinase status and insulin-mediated signaling. PMID: 23164509 This study proposed that HK1 mitochondrial detachment could be linked to these disorders through impaired energy metabolism, increased vulnerability to oxidative stress, and impaired brain growth and development. PMID: 22018957 An association is noted between the rs7072268 T-allele in HK1 and an increased blood glucose in non-diabetic individuals and a nominal association with type 2 diabetes prior to Bonferroni correction. PMID: 21781351 Abeta-induced cellular redistribution and inactivation of neuronal HKI play important roles in oxidative stress and neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease PMID: 21179577 FimA strengthens the VDAC1-hexokinase(I and II) interaction and prevents dissociation of hexokinase from VDAC1 triggered by apoptotic stimuli. PMID: 20347420 The comprehensive sequencing analysis and fine mapping approximately 26 kb of fully characterised sequence spanning the upstream exons of Hexokinase 1 (HK1), is reported. PMID: 19536174 REVIEW: Gene expression and biological significance of HK1 and HKR isoforms of hexokinase in erythroid cells. PMID: 12432216 Glucose 6-phosphate binds to human brain hexokinase in mitochondria PMID: 16166083 The role of the HK1 interdomain alpha-helix at the interdomain signal transduction was studied. PMID: 17080299 Neither human hexokinase-1 nor human inorganic pyrophosphatase expression segregated concordantly with human cytoplasmic glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase expression. PMID: 17494625 single nucleotide polymorphisms on gene involved with glucose metabolism and obesity may be associated with increased susceptibility to spina bifida PMID: 18212354 interference with the binding of Hexokinase-I to mitochondria by VDAC1-derived peptides may offer a novel strategy by which to potentiate the efficacy of conventional chemotherapeutic agents PMID: 18308720 results point to HK-I and HK-II as promoting tumor cell survival through binding to VDAC1, thereby inhibiting cytochrome c release and apoptotic cell death. PMID: 19049977 Glycated hemoglobin levels are associated with genetic variation of HK1. PMID: 19096518 The expression pattern of HK1 is reported in newly diagnosed esophageal adenocarcinoma by means of immunohistochemistry. PMID: 19554504 reduced erythroid transcription of HK1 together with aberrant splicing of both hexokinase-1 and red cell specific-hexokinase results in hexokinase deficiency and mild chronic hemolysis. PMID: 19608687 HK1 may influence A1C levels through its anemic effect or its effect on glucose metabolism in erythrocytes, which may have implications for type 2 diabetes diagnosis and care. PMID: 19651813 Using shotgun mass spectrometry, we found this protein differentially expressed in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex from patients with schizophrenia. PMID: 19165527 This protein has been found differentially expressed in the temporal lobe from patients with schizophrenia. PMID: 19034380

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

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