Recombinant Human GSTZ1 Protein (C-6His)

Name: Recombinant Human GSTZ1 Protein (C-6His)
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BL-1479NP
Availability: InStock

BL-1479NP: Greater than 95% as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE. (QC verified)

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Product Overview

Description	Recombinant Human Glutathione S-Transferase Zeta 1 is produced by our E.coli expression system and the target gene encoding Met1-Ala216 is expressed with a 6His tag at the C-terminus.
Accession	O43708
Synonym	Maleylacetoacetate Isomerase; MAAI; GSTZ1-1; Glutathione S-Transferase Zeta 1; GSTZ1
Gene Background	Maleylacetoacetate Isomerase (MAAI) belongs to the Glutathione S-Transferase super-family. MAAI encodes multifunctional enzymes in the detoxification of electrophilic molecules by conjugation with glutathione, for example, mutagens, carcinogens and several therapeutic drugs. MAAI is a bifunctional protein with low glutathione peroxidase activity with T-butyl and cumene hydroperoxides. MAAI can catalyze the glutathione dependent oxygenation of dichloroacetic acid to glyoxylic acid. But it has minimal glutathione-conjugating activity with 7-chloro-4-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1, ethacrynic acid 3-diazole and maleylacetoacetate isomerase activity.
Molecular Mass	25.18 KDa
Apmol Mass	25-30 KDa, reducing conditions
Formulation	Supplied as a 0.2 μm filtered solution of 50mM Tris-HCl, 1mM DTT, pH 8.0.
Endotoxin	Less than 0.1 ng/µg (1 EU/µg) as determined by LAL test.
Purity	Greater than 95% as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE. (QC verified)
Biological Activity	Not tested
Reconstitution
Storage	Store at ≤-70°C, stable for 6 months after receipt. Store at ≤-70°C, stable for 3 months under sterile conditions after opening. Please minimize freeze-thaw cycles.
Shipping	The product is shipped on dry ice/polar packs. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature listed below.
Usage	For Research Use Only

Target Details

Target Function	Bifunctional enzyme showing minimal glutathione-conjugating activity with ethacrynic acid and 7-chloro-4-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazole and maleylacetoacetate isomerase activity. Has also low glutathione peroxidase activity with T-butyl and cumene hydroperoxides. Is able to catalyze the glutathione dependent oxygenation of dichloroacetic acid to glyoxylic acid.
Subcellular Location	Cytoplasm.
Protein Families	GST superfamily, Zeta family
Database References	HGNC: 4643 OMIM: 603758 KEGG: hsa:2954 STRING: 9606.ENSP00000216465 UniGene: Hs.655292
Associated Diseases	Maleylacetoacetate isomerase deficiency (MAAID)
Tissue Specificity	Mostly expressed in liver followed by kidney, skeletal muscle and brain. Also expressed in melanocytes, synovium, placenta, breast and fetal liver and heart.

Gene Functions References

Some properties of cytosolic and mitochondrial GSTZ1 differed. PMID: 29853471
mild hypersuccinylacetonaemia (MHSA)can be caused by sequence variants in GSTZ1. Such individuals have thus far remained asymptomatic despite receiving no specific treatment. PMID: 27876694
rs7975 GG carriers had an increased risk of below-reference sperm motility PMID: 26970898
We conclude that the lower expression of GSTZ1 in Whites who possess the K carrier haplotype results in lower enzymatic activity and slower metabolism of DCA, compared with those who possess the non-K carrier haplotype PMID: 25738370
Haplotype variations in glutathione transferase zeta 1 influence the kinetics and dynamics of chronic dichloroacetate in children PMID: 25079374
The data indicates no association between GSTZ1 genotypes and risk of gastric cancer. PMID: 24719983
Two SNPs, rs282070 located in intron 1 of the MAP3K7 gene, and rs2111699 located in intron 1 of the GSTZ1 gene, were significantly associated (after adjustment for multiple testing) with longevity in stage 2 PMID: 22576335
The ping-pong catalytic mechanism of Se-hGSTZ1-1 is similar to that of the natural GPX. PMID: 23280616
Elucidation of the role of individual residues in the N-terminal, SSC motif of human GSTZ1. PMID: 23299908
This study was performed on 228 BPD patients and 234 control subjects. Among early-onset patients, the variant alleles of Glu32Lys and G-1002A increased BPD susceptibility. PMID: 22374552
e report for the first time the conversion of human glutathione transferase Zeta (hGSTZ1-1) into seleno-hGSTZ1-1 by means of genetic engineering in eukaryotes. PMID: 22561244
The present results indicate that the haplotype of "-1002A, 32Lys, 42Arg" (containing three variant alleles) of GSTZ1 have protective effect compared to the other haplotypes. PMID: 22729907
Our study did not support any association between susceptibility to exudative AMD (age-related macular degeneration) and polymorphisms of GSTZ1. PMID: 21948024
Data suggest neonatal onset and age-related increase in GSTZ1 protein expression during liver development/growth. GSTZ1 haplotype influences activity with dichloroacetate but not protein expression. PMID: 22028318
polymorphisms of GSTZ1 showed strong linkage disequilibrium among cancer patients and control su PMID: 21823988
Results describe the genotypic frequencies of glutathione S-transferase Z1 polymorphisms among an Iranian population. PMID: 21107728
The results of this study did not support the association between genetic polymorphisms of glutathione S-transferase Z1 (GSTZ1) and susceptibility to schizophrenia. PMID: 21183226
subjects with polymorphisms in GSTZ1 have a higher trihalomethanes induced bladder cancer susceptibility PMID: 20675267
A new allele of GSTZ1 (maleylacetoacetate isomerase), characterized by a Thr82Met substitution and termed GSTZ1d, has been identified by analysis of the expressed sequence tag (EST) database. PMID: 11692075
Single nucleotide polymorphisms may alter GSTZ1 expression, which may alter the pharmacokinetics of DCA, which is used therapeutically for the treatment of lactic acidosis. PMID: 16609361
Kinetic studies revealed that the catalytic mechanism of Se-hGSTZ1-1 belong in a ping-pong mechanism similar to that of the natural glutathione peroxidase. PMID: 18373941
The results are consistent with the hypothesis that reduced dopamine metabolism adversely affects cognition. PMID: 18628685

FAQs

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

To learn more about how to properly dissolve the lyophilized recombinant protein, please visit Lyophilization FAQs.