Recombinant Human Group 10 Secretory Phospholipase A2 (PLA2G10) Protein (His-GST&Myc)

Name: Recombinant Human Group 10 Secretory Phospholipase A2 (PLA2G10) Protein (His-GST&Myc)
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BLC-07164P
Availability: InStock

Greater than 85% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

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Product Overview

Description	Recombinant Human Group 10 Secretory Phospholipase A2 (PLA2G10) Protein (His-GST&Myc) is produced by our E.coli expression system. This is a full length protein.
Purity	Greater than 85% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
Uniprotkb	O15496
Target Symbol	PLA2G10
Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
Expression System	E.coli
Tag	N-10His-GST&C-Myc
Target Protein Sequence	GILELAGTVGCVGPRTPIAYMKYGCFCGLGGHGQPRDAIDWCCHGHDCCYTRAEEAGCSPKTERYSWQCVNQSVLCGPAENKCQELLCKCDQEIANCLAQTEYNLKYLFYPQFLCEPDSPKCD
Expression Range	43-165aa
Protein Length	Full Length of Mature Protein
Mol. Weight	48.8 kDa
Research Area	Signal Transduction
Form	Liquid or Lyophilized powder
Buffer	Liquid form: default storage buffer is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 5%-50% glycerol. Lyophilized powder form: the buffer before lyophilization is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 6% Trehalose, pH 8.0.
Reconstitution	Briefly centrifuged the vial prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Reconstitute protein in deionized sterile water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL. It is recommended to add 5-50% of glycerol (final concentration) and aliquot for long-term storage at -20°C/-80°C. The default final concentration of glycerol is 50%.
Storage	1. Store at -20°C/-80°C upon receipt, aliquoting is necessary for mutiple use. 2. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. 3. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week. 4. In general, protein in liquid form is stable for up to 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. Protein in lyophilized powder form is stable for up to 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.
Notes	Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week.

Target Details

Target Function	Secretory calcium-dependent phospholipase A2 that primarily targets extracellular phospholipids. Hydrolyzes the ester bond of the fatty acyl group attached at sn-2 position of phospholipids with preference for phosphatidylcholines and phosphatidylglycerols over phosphatidylethanolamines. Preferentially releases sn-2 omega-6 and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acyl (PUFA) chains over saturated fatty acyls. Contributes to phospholipid remodeling of very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles. Hydrolyzes LDL phospholipids releasing unsaturated fatty acids that regulate macrophage differentiation toward foam cells. Efficiently hydrolyzes and inactivates platelet activating factor (PAF), a potent lipid mediator present in oxidized LDL. May act in an autocrine and paracrine manner. Secreted by lung epithelium, targets membrane phospholipids of infiltrating eosinophils, releasing arachidonate and boosting eicosanoid and cysteinyl leukotriene synthesis involved in airway inflammatory response. Secreted by gut epithelium, hydrolyzes dietary and biliary phosphatidylcholines in the gastrointestinal lumen. Plays a stem cell regulator role in colon epithelium. Within intracellular compartment, mediates Paneth-like cell differentiation and its stem cell supporting functions by inhibiting the Wnt signaling pathway in intestinal stem cell (ISC). Secreted in the intestinal lumen upon inflammation, acts in an autocrine way and promotes prostaglandin E2 synthesis that stimulates Wnt signaling pathway in ISCs and tissue regeneration. May participate in hair follicle morphogenesis by regulating phosphatidylethanolamines metabolism at the outermost epithelial layer and facilitating melanin synthesis. By releasing lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs) at sperm acrosome, controls sperm cell capacitation, acrosome reaction and overall fertility. May promote neurite outgrowth in neuron fibers involved in nociception. Contributes to lipid remodeling of cellular membranes and generation of lipid mediators involved in pathogen clearance. Cleaves sn-2 fatty acyl chains of phosphatidylglycerols and phosphatidylethanolamines, which are major components of membrane phospholipids in bacteria. Displays bactericidal activity against Gram-positive bacteria by directly hydrolyzing phospholipids of the bacterial membrane. In pulmonary epithelium, may contribute to host defense response against adenoviral infection. Prevents adenovirus entry into host cells by hydrolyzing host cell plasma membrane, releasing C16:0 LPCs that inhibit virus-mediated membrane fusion and viral infection. Likely prevents adenoviral entry into the endosomes of host cells. May play a role in maturation and activation of innate immune cells including macrophages, group 2 innate lymphoid cells and mast cells.
Subcellular Location	Secreted. Lysosome. Cytoplasmic vesicle, secretory vesicle, acrosome.
Protein Families	Phospholipase A2 family
Database References	HGNC: 9029 OMIM: 603603 KEGG: hsa:8399 STRING: 9606.ENSP00000393847 UniGene: Hs.567366
Tissue Specificity	Found in spleen, thymus, peripheral blood leukocytes, pancreas, lung, and colon. Expressed in neuronal fibers in dorsal root ganglia and in peripheral tissues including stomach, white adipose tissue and prostate (at protein level).

Gene Functions References

This report provides the first demonstration that Phosphatidylcholine-Isoprostanes are readily hydrolyzed by group IIA, V and X Secretory Phospholipases A2. PMID: 28528433
Data show that phospholipase A2 group IIA, V and X have different target/function related activity. PMID: 26711221
PLA2G10 releases omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, suppresses colitis, and promotes sperm fertility. PMID: 26828067
Endogenous secreted phospholipase A2 group X regulates cysteinyl leukotrienes synthesis by human eosinophils PMID: 26139511
PLA2G10 variants are not significantly associated with plasma sPLA2 activity or with CHD risk. PMID: 25583995
Studies indicate that the expression of secreted phospholipases A2 (sPLA2s), most notably the group IIA, III and X enzymes, is dysregulated in various malignant tissues. PMID: 25286228
sPLA2GIII expression may be used as a risk factor for lymph node metastasis and a prognostic marker in colorectal cancer. In addition, sPLA2GIII and sPLA2GX may play opposing roles in colorectal carcinogenesis PMID: 25964585
hGX sPLA2 is a novel modulator of lipid metabolism that promotes breast cancer cell growth and survival by stimulating lipid droplet formation and fatty acid oxidation. PMID: 24070020
Data indicate that the expression of genes encoding hGIIA, hGIII and hGX sPLA2s (PLA2G2A, PLA2G3 and PLA2G10, respectively) in breast tumour biopsies differs from that in normal tissues. PMID: 24508801
The enzyme activity of sPLA2 is not altered in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis during the course of the disease. PMID: 23859159
Secreted phospholipase A2 group X plays a key role in regulating eicosanoid formation and the development of inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness in murine models. PMID: 23614662
PLA2G10 expression in bone marrow cells controls a proatherogenic Th1 response and limits the development of atherosclerosis. PMID: 23349189
Molecular details of membrane fluidity changes during apoptosis and relationship to phospholipase A(2) activity PMID: 22967861
CONCLUSION: hGX-sPLA(2) secreted in inflamed tissues can contribute to local dendritic cell maturation, resulting in pro-Th1 cells, through the production of various lipid mediators from hydrolysis of either LDL and/or cell plasma membrane. PMID: 22494626
the use of a highly potent indole-based inhibitor of hGX-sPLA(2), RO061606 (which is ineffective against mGX-sPLA(2)), to assess the potential utility of GX-sPLA(2) blockade as a therapeutic intervention in asthma. PMID: 21652694
Group X secreted phospholipase A2 proenzyme is matured by a furin-like proprotein convertase and releases arachidonic acid inside of human HEK293 cells PMID: 21878635
sPLA(2) -IIA and sPLA(2) -X are the major sPLA(2) s in human airways, and suggest a link between the levels of sPLA(2) -X in the airways and several features of asthma. PMID: 21255140
GX sPLA(2) promotes Ang II-induced pathological responses leading to abdominal aortic aneurysm formation PMID: 20833395
Eosinophil cysteinyl leukotriene synthesis is mediated by exogenous secreted phospholipase A2 group X PMID: 20974857
Group X secreted phospholipase A2 induces production of VEGF-A and VEGF-C from lung macrophages by a receptor-mediated, catalytically independent mechanism and may play an important role in inflammatory and neoplastic angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. PMID: 20357262
circulating human neutrophils express groups V and X sPLA(2) (GV and GX sPLA(2)) mRNA and contain GV and GX sPLA(2) proteins, whereas GIB, GIIA, GIID, GIIE, GIIF, GIII, and GXII sPLA(2)s are undetectable PMID: 11741884
LDL modification by GXPLA2 PMID: 12021277
Expressed in human colorectal adenocarcinomas PMID: 12048163
crystal structure of human group X secreted phospholipase A2 PMID: 12161451
Modifies lipoproteins, which are involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis (review) PMID: 12664556
Group V sPLA2 may play an important role in promoting atherosclerotic lesion development by modifying LDL particles in the arterial wall, thereby enhancing particle aggregation, retention, and macrophage uptake. PMID: 14962950
Stable expression of human groups IIA and X secreted phospholipases A(2) (hGIIA and hGX) in CHO-K1 and HEK293 cells leads to serum- and interleukin-1beta-promoted arachidonate release. PMID: 15007070
group X secreted phospholipase A2 is expressed in neural cells and has neuritogenic action PMID: 15781456
This study showed that GX sPLA2 is present in human atherosclerotic lesions and that the hydrolysis of LDL cholesterol by GX sPLA2 results in a modified particle that induces lipid accumulation in human monocyte-derived macrophages. PMID: 17077289
secretory phospholipase A2 group X enhances anti-inflammatory responses, promotes lipid accumulation, and contributes to aberrant lung pathology PMID: 18511424
rate and specificity of hydrolysis are affected by relative increases in endogenous SM and free cholesterol (FC) during the lipase digestion PMID: 18587072
The T-512C polymorphism located in the 5' untranslated region of the secreted phospholipase A2 group X gene associated with a decreased risk of recurrent cardiovascular events during follow-up. PMID: 19495570
Recombinant hGX sPLA2 can efficiently hydrolyze PAF unlike the others secreted PLA2s; thus hGX sPLA2 may be a novel player in PAF regulation during inflammatory processes. PMID: 16962371

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Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

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