Recombinant Human GM-CSF Protein (E. coli)

Name: Recombinant Human GM-CSF Protein (E. coli)
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BL-1696NP
Availability: InStock

BL-1696NP: Greater than 95% as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE. (QC verified)

Collections: Antibody / cell therapy targets, Antibody therapeutic / adc target proteins, Buy cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors for research online, Colony-stimulating factors and receptors (csfs), Growth factors and receptors for advanced research, High-quality cytokines for advanced research, High-quality recombinant proteins

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Product Overview

Description	Recombinant Human Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor is produced by our E.coli expression system and the target gene encoding Ala18-Glu144 is expressed.
Accession	P04141
Synonym	Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; GM-CSF; Colony-Stimulating Factor; CSF; Molgramostin; Sargramostim; CSF2; GMCSF
Gene Background	Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) was initially characterized as a growth factor that can support the in vitro colony formation of granulocyte-macrophage progenitors. It is produced by a number of different cell types (including activated T cells, B cells, macrophages, mast cells, endothelial cells and fibroblasts) in response to cytokine of immune and inflammatory stimuli. Besides granulocyte-macrophage progenitors, GM-CSF is also a growth factor for erythroid, megakaryocyte and eosinophil progenitors. On mature hematopoietic, monocytes/ macrophages and eosinophils. GM-CSF has a functional role on non-hematopoitic cells. It can induce human endothelial cells to migrate and proliferate. Additionally, GM-CSF can also stimulate the proliferation of a number of tumor cell lines, including osteogenic sarcoma, carcinoma and adenocarcinoma cell lines.
Molecular Mass	14.6 KDa
Apmol Mass	13-17 KDa
Formulation	Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution of PBS, pH 7.4.
Endotoxin	Less than 0.001 ng/µg (0.01 EU/µg) as determined by LAL test.
Purity	Greater than 95% as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE. (QC verified)
Biological Activity	Not tested
Reconstitution	Always centrifuge tubes before opening.Do not mix by vortex or pipetting.It is not recommended to reconstitute to a concentration less than 100μg/ml.Dissolve the lyophilized protein in distilled water.Please aliquot the reconstituted solution to minimize freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage	Lyophilized protein should be stored at < -20°C, though stable at room temperature for 3 weeks.Reconstituted protein solution can be stored at 4-7°C for 2-7 days.Aliquots of reconstituted samples are stable at < -20°C for 3 months.
Shipping	The product is shipped at ambient temperature.Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature listed below.
Usage	For Research Use Only

Target Details

Target Function	Cytokine that stimulates the growth and differentiation of hematopoietic precursor cells from various lineages, including granulocytes, macrophages, eosinophils and erythrocytes.
Subcellular Location	Secreted.
Protein Families	GM-CSF family
Database References	HGNC: 2434 OMIM: 138960 KEGG: hsa:1437 STRING: 9606.ENSP00000296871 UniGene: PMID: 30007865 Data show that CD4 T cells from synovial fluid are enriched for granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) production, suggests that the GM-CSF programme may be a primary pathogenic process. PMID: 29142230 GM-CSF bioavailability plays a critical role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis. Decreased bioavailability coupled with the genetic risk markers and/or smoking results in aggressive ileal Crohn's disease behavior. PMID: 29434451 Data show that GIF (ORF117 ) serves as a competitive decoy receptor by leveraging binding hotspots underlying the cognate receptor interactions of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-2 (IL-2). PMID: 27819269 As translated to human disease, these findings suggest vaccine-mediated expansion of GM-CSF-producing T cells could be an effective prophylactic or therapeutic TB strategy. PMID: 29233902 In a subset of patients who received GM-CSF, circulating myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), and anti-GM-CSF-neutralizing antibodies (Nabs) were also modulated. The majority of patients developed anti-GM-CSF Nabs, which correlated with improved RFS and OS PMID: 28536308 this study shows that cortisol inhibits CSF2 via DNA methylation and inhibits invasion in first-trimester trophoblast cells PMID: 28846166 Oral and periodontal innate immunity is affected by HIV viremia and ART. GCF IL-8, G-CSF, as well as serum IL-8, MCP-1 and GM-CSF may be useful biomarkers for the detection of disease presence and/or its severity due to HIV infection and ART use. PMID: 28043030 This review summarizes a number of findings to provide the currently available information regarding the anticancer immune response of GM-CSG. [review] PMID: 27364892 Data suggest that the intratumoral GM-CSF expression, as a potentially independent prognostic biomarker for recurrence, might improve conventional clinical and pathologic analysis to refine outcome prediction for clinically localized clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) patients after surgery. PMID: 27016418 High GM-CSF expression is associated with breast Cancer. PMID: 28754674 In gastric cancer (GC), tumour-derived GM-CSF activated neutrophils and induced neutrophil PD-L1 expression via Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signalling pathway. The activated PD-L1(+) neutrophils effectively suppressed normal T-cell immunity in vitro and contributed to the growth and progression of human GC in vivo. PMID: 28274999 The IL-3/ GM-CSF effected on the myofibroblastic differentiation of human adipose derive stromal cells (hASCs) as well as it did on human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). PMID: 28377320 Obesity alters the lung neutrophil infiltration to enhance breast cancer metastasis through IL5 and GM-CSF. PMID: 28737771 Data suggest that the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris is an effective recombinant host for heterologous granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF) production. PMID: 28376863 Letter: Knockdown of either filaggrin or loricrin increases the productions of interleukin (IL)-1alpha, IL-8, IL-18 and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor in stratified human keratinocytes. PMID: 26381575 Impaired RASGRF1/ERK-mediated GM-CSF response characterizes CARD9 deficiency in French-Canadians. PMID: 26521038 Honokiol could possess potential anti-inflammatory effects and inhibits TNF-alpha-induced IL-1beta, GM-CSF and IL-8 production in PBMCs from rheumatoid arthritis patients. PMID: 26339358 The canonical NFkappaB signaling in fibroblasts, but not in tumor cells, was shown to be responsible for the induced and constitutive CSF2 expression. PMID: 25919140 GM-CSF primes IL-13 production by macrophages via PAR-2. PMID: 25633855 analysis of an IL2RA polymorphism that controls GM-CSF production in human TH cells PMID: 25278028 NFKBIZ gene knockdown in bronchial epithelial cells suppresses the release of IL-1b-induced IL-6 and GMCSF. PMID: 25629767 CFH Y402H polymorphism is associated with elevated vitreal GM-CSF and choroidal macrophages in the postmortem human eye. PMID: 25814824 Influenza infection stimulates the secretion of IL-8 and GM-CSF by alveolar epithelial cells. PMID: 26033355 Periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis and cervical adenopathy syndrome febrile episodes are characterized by activation of GM-CSF and IL-8 with Th1 skewing. PMID: 24670131 activation of STAT3 induces the expression of GM-CSFRa that protects CLL cells from apoptosis, suggesting that inhibition of STAT3 or GM-CSFRa may benefit patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia PMID: 24836891 G-CSF- or GM-CSF-secreting cancers, albeit not very common are, however, among the most rapidly advancing ones due to a cytokine-mediated immune suppression and angiogenesis. [Review] PMID: 24692240 Treatment with GM-CSF increased the expression of vimentin and ZEB1, similar to TGF-b1 treatment, and decreased the expression of E-cadherin. Our results suggest that GM-CSF could induce EMT in human HERS/ERM cells. PMID: 24258001 GM-CSF polymorphism may be involved in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis. PMID: 24117406 The association of GM-CSF expression with systemic inflammation highlights the potential role of Th17-related cytokines in the pathology of juvenile idiopathic arthritis. PMID: 24692225 M-CSF induces macrophage transformation by upregulating c-Jun with a certain synergy of NFkappaB. PMID: 24100343 The detection of basal level of IgM rheumatoid factor, IgM and also certain cytokines can be useful in prognosis of effectiveness of rituximab therapy under rheumatoid arthritis. PMID: 25080789 Cytokines and signaling molecules predict clinical outcomes in sepsis. PMID: 24244449 Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor produces long-term changes in gene and microRNA expression profiles in CD34+ cells from healthy donors. PMID: 24056818 mesenchymal-like breast cancer cells activate macrophages to a tumor-associated macrophage-like phenotype by GM-CSF. PMID: 24823638 The comparison between the cytokine profiles of ET and PV patients showed a statistically significant increase of IL-4, IL-8, GM-CSF, interferon -gamma, MCP-1, PDGF-BB, and VEGF in the ET group PMID: 24463275 Data indicate that differentially expressed IL-17, IL-22, and IL-23 levels are associated with K-ras in a stage-specific fashion along colorectal cancer progression and an association was established between mutant K-ras and GM-CSF and IFN-gamma. PMID: 24040001 in the type 2 diabetes mellitus group, significantly higher IL-4 level on the first and the third post dengue virus infection days, while higher IL-10 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor were detected on the third postinfection day. PMID: 24078930 loss of BMPR2 induced prolonged phospho-p38 MAPK in response to TNF, and this increased GADD34-PP1 phosphatase activity, dephosphorylating eukaryotic translation initiation factor (eIF2alpha), and derepressing GM-CSF mRNA translation PMID: 24446489 Since GM-CSF plays an important role during pregnancy, the reduced levels of GM-CSF in the cervico-vaginal fluid of human papillomavirus(+) women might contribute to explain the reduced live birth rate. PMID: 23920355 SECTM1 secreted from bone marrow stromal cells may interact with CD7 to influence GM-CSF expression in leukemic cells. PMID: 24211252 Describe GM-CSF ELISA for routine clinical diagnosis of autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. PMID: 24275678 The data presented suggest that -677C/A in the promoter region of the GM-CSF gene does not play a role in acne pathogenesis. PMID: 23069312 CBL linker and RING finger mutants lead to enhanced GM-CSF signaling due to elevated kinase expression, which can be blocked using small molecule inhibitors targeting specific downstream pathways. PMID: 23696637 impairment of NFATC2-calcineurin interaction promotes megakaryocyte proliferation through up-regulation of CSF2 transcription PMID: 22911897 Overexpression of a nonphosphorylatable MT1-MMP mutant (Y573F) abrogates CSF-2 and CSF-3 transcriptional increases. PMID: 23548906 GM-CSF contributes to aortic aneurysms resulting from SMAD3 deficiency PMID: 23585475 Within pediatric Crohn disease, neutrophil GM-CSF-dependent STAT5 activation and bacterial killing were reduced as GM-CSF autoantibodies increased. PMID: 23600834 This study demonistrated that GMCSF is downregulation in brain in patient with Alzheimer's disease. PMID: 22430742 IL-27 suppresss GM-CSF production under nonpolarizing and T helper (Th)1 cell, but not T helper (Th)17 cell conditions, in both murine and human cultures. PMID: 22837488

FAQs

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

To learn more about how to properly dissolve the lyophilized recombinant protein, please visit Lyophilization FAQs.