Recombinant Human Glutathione S-Transferase A4 (GSTA4) Protein (His-SUMO)

Name: Recombinant Human Glutathione S-Transferase A4 (GSTA4) Protein (His-SUMO)
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BLC-10140P
Availability: InStock

Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

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Product Overview

Description	Recombinant Human Glutathione S-Transferase A4 (GSTA4) Protein (His-SUMO) is produced by our E.coli expression system. This is a full length protein.
Purity	Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
Uniprotkb	O15217
Target Symbol	GSTA4
Synonyms	DKFZp686D21185; Glutathione S alkyltransferase A4; Glutathione S aralkyltransferase A4; Glutathione S aryltransferase A4; Glutathione S transferase A4 4; Glutathione S transferase A4; Glutathione S transferase alpha 4 ; Glutathione S-transferase A4; Glutathione S-transferase A4-4; Glutathione transferase A4 4; GST class alpha member 4; GST class-alpha member 4; GSTA4 4; GSTA4; GSTA4_HUMAN; GTA4; OTTHUMP00000016624; OTTHUMP00000016625; S (hydroxyalkyl)glutathione lyase A4
Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
Expression System	E.coli
Tag	N-6His-SUMO
Target Protein Sequence	MAARPKLHYPNGRGRMESVRWVLAAAGVEFDEEFLETKEQLYKLQDGNHLLFQQVPMVEIDGMKLVQTRSILHYIADKHNLFGKNLKERTLIDMYVEGTLDLLELLIMHPFLKPDDQQKEVVNMAQKAIIRYFPVFEKILRGHGQSFLVGNQLSLADVILLQTILALEEKIPNILSAFPFLQEYTVKLSNIPTIKRFLEPGSKKKPPPDEIYVRTVYNIFRP
Expression Range	1-222aa
Protein Length	Full Length
Mol. Weight	41.7kDa
Research Area	Metabolism
Form	Liquid or Lyophilized powder
Buffer	Liquid form: default storage buffer is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 5%-50% glycerol. Lyophilized powder form: the buffer before lyophilization is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 6% Trehalose, pH 8.0.
Reconstitution	Briefly centrifuged the vial prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Reconstitute protein in deionized sterile water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL. It is recommended to add 5-50% of glycerol (final concentration) and aliquot for long-term storage at -20°C/-80°C. The default final concentration of glycerol is 50%.
Storage	1. Store at -20°C/-80°C upon receipt, aliquoting is necessary for mutiple use. 2. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. 3. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week. 4. In general, protein in liquid form is stable for up to 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. Protein in lyophilized powder form is stable for up to 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.
Notes	Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week.

Target Details

Target Function	Conjugation of reduced glutathione to a wide number of exogenous and endogenous hydrophobic electrophiles. This isozyme has a high catalytic efficiency with 4-hydroxyalkenals such as 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE).
Subcellular Location	Cytoplasm.
Protein Families	GST superfamily, Alpha family
Database References	HGNC: 4629 OMIM: 605450 KEGG: hsa:2941 STRING: 9606.ENSP00000359998 UniGene: Hs.485557
Tissue Specificity	Expressed at a high level in brain, placenta, and skeletal muscle and much lower in lung and liver.

Gene Functions References

These findings demonstrate GSTA4 activation during 4-HNE-induced neoplastic transformation in colorectal carcinogenesis. GSTA4 is a potential surrogate biomarker for CRC screening and should provide novel approaches for chemoprevention. PMID: 27065323
Decreased gene expression of GSTA4 is associated with drug resistance in cervical cancer. PMID: 24403508
drug resistance in three strains of tumor cells is associated with significant increase in hGSTP1 and hGSTA4 gene expression, whereas increased hGSTK1 gene expression was detected only in resistant erythroleukemia and mammary adenocarcinoma cells. PMID: 23330092
GSTA4 down-regulation and the concomitant increase in 4-hydroxynonenal adducts in muscle are indicative of susceptibility to infection in individuals with severe thermal injuries. PMID: 22038048
Data show that mandatory overexpression of hGSTA4 by transient transfection in KYSE30 cells and attenuation of HNE-induced EGFR phosphorylation. PMID: 21751261
analysis of four novel mutations that change the function of leukotriene C(4) synthase and are associated with increased risk of venous thromboembolism and ischemic stroke PMID: 20456754
Gsta4/GSTA4 is a novel susceptibility gene for NMSC that affects risk in both mice and humans. PMID: 20966433
Results indicate that downregulation of GSTA4 in adipose tissue leads to increased protein carbonylation, ROS production, and mitochondrial dysfunction and may contribute to the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. PMID: 20150287
GSTA4-4 exploits the hydroxyl group of either 4R- or 4S-hydroxynonenal (HNE), while specifically binding HNE and glutathione (GSH) to maintain high catalytic efficiency linked with stereoselective product formation for both enantiomeric substrates. PMID: 20085333
null mice had a significantly lower survival time than wild-type controls when chronically treated with relatively low doses of paraquat, a finding consistent with a role of glutathione transferase A4-4 in the defense against oxidative stress PMID: 14761685
We now demonstrate that hGSTA4-transfection also causes a profound change in the expression of genes involved in cell adhesion, cell cycle control, proliferation, cell growth, and apoptosis. PMID: 16005854
we observed a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) G351A leading to the silent mutation Gln117Gln.No significant difference was observed in the distribution of this GSTA4 polymorphism between Parkinson disease individuals and healthy controls PMID: 16054170
The effect of over-expression of GSTA4 mRNA on the sensitivity of HepG2 cells to 4-hydroxynonenal injury is reported. PMID: 17553661
These results demonstrate that oxidative stress mediated disruption of tight junctions in endothelial cells may be attenuated by hGSTA4-4 expression. PMID: 18080870
GSTA4-4 may play an important defensive role against atherogenesis through detoxification of 4-HNE and upregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase PMID: 18485437
genetic polymorphisms in GSTA4 had modification effects on smoking-related lung cancer risk, particularly among patients with squamous cell carcinoma and small-cell-lung-cancer. PMID: 18767114
4-HNE is involved in p53-mediated signaling in in vitro cell cultures as well as in vivo that can be regulated by glutathione transferase PMID: 18930016

FAQs

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

To learn more about how to properly dissolve the lyophilized recombinant protein, please visit Lyophilization FAQs.