Recombinant Human Glutamate Carboxypeptidase 2 (FOLH1) Protein (His)

Name: Recombinant Human Glutamate Carboxypeptidase 2 (FOLH1) Protein (His)
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BLC-02379P
Availability: InStock

Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

Based on the SEQUEST from database of E.coli host and target protein, the LC-MS/MS Analysis result of this product could indicate that this peptide derived from E.coli-expressed Homo sapiens (Human) FOLH1.

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Product Overview

Description	Recombinant Human Glutamate Carboxypeptidase 2 (FOLH1) Protein (His) is produced by our E.coli expression system. This is a protein fragment.
Purity	Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
Uniprotkb	Q04609
Target Symbol	FOLH1
Synonyms	Cell growth inhibiting protein 27 ; Cell growth-inhibiting gene 27 protein; FGCP; Folate hydrolase (prostate-specific membrane antigen) 1; Folate hydrolase 1; Folate hydrolase; Folate hydrolase prostate specific membrane antigen 1; FOLH 1; FOLH; Folh1; FOLH1_HUMAN; Folylpoly gamma glutamate carboxypeptidase; Folylpoly-gamma-glutamate carboxypeptidase; GCP 2; GCP II; GCP2; GCPII; GIG27; Glutamate carboxylase II; Glutamate carboxypeptidase 2; Glutamate carboxypeptidase II; Membrane glutamate carboxypeptidase; mGCP; N acetylated alpha linked acidic dipeptidase 1; N-acetylated-alpha-linked acidic dipeptidase I; NAALAD 1; NAALAD1; NAALAdase; NAALADase I; Prostate specific membrane antigen; Prostate specific membrane antigen variant F; Prostate-specific membrane antigen; PSM; PSMA; Pteroylpoly gamma glutamate carboxypeptidase; Pteroylpoly-gamma-glutamate carboxypeptidase
Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
Expression System	E.coli
Tag	N-6His
Target Protein Sequence	EATNITPKHNMKAFLDELKAENIKKFLYNFTQIPHLAGTEQNFQLAKQIQSQWKEFGLDSVELAHYDVLLSYPNKTHPNYISIINEDGNEIFNTSLFEPPPPGYENVSDIVPPFSAFSPQGMPEGDLVYVNYARTEDFFKLERDMKINCSGKIVIARYGKVFRGNKVKNAQLAGAKGVILYSDPADYFAPGVKSYPDGWNLPGGGVQRGNILNLNGAGDPLTPGYPANEYAYRRGIAEAVGLPSIPVHPIGYYDAQKLLEKMGGSAPPDSSWRGSLKVPYNVGPGFTGNFSTQKVKMHIHSTNEVTRIYNVIGTLRGAVEPDRYVILGGHRDSWVFGGIDPQSGAAVVHEIVRSFGTLKKEGWRPRRTILFASWDAEEFGLLGSTEWAEENSRLLQERGVAYINADSSIEGNYTLRVDCTPLMYSLVHNLTKELKSPDEGFEGKSLYESWTKKSPSPEFSGMPRISKLGSGNDFEVFFQRLGIASGRARYTKNWETNKFSGYPLYHSVYETYELVEKFYDPMFKYHLTVAQVRGGMVFELANSIVLPFDCRDYAVVLRKYADKIYSISMKHPQEMKTYSVSFDSLFSAVKNFTEIASKFSERLQDFDKSNPIVLRMMNDQLMFLERAFIDPLGLPDRPFYRHVIYAPSSHNKYAGESFPGIYDALFDIESKVDPSKAWGEVKRQIYVAAFTVQAAAETLSEVA
Expression Range	48-750aa
Protein Length	Partial
Mol. Weight	83.1kDa
Research Area	Cancer
Form	Liquid or Lyophilized powder
Buffer	Liquid form: default storage buffer is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 5%-50% glycerol. Lyophilized powder form: the buffer before lyophilization is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 6% Trehalose, pH 8.0.
Reconstitution	Briefly centrifuged the vial prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Reconstitute protein in deionized sterile water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL. It is recommended to add 5-50% of glycerol (final concentration) and aliquot for long-term storage at -20°C/-80°C. The default final concentration of glycerol is 50%.
Storage	1. Store at -20°C/-80°C upon receipt, aliquoting is necessary for mutiple use. 2. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. 3. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week. 4. In general, protein in liquid form is stable for up to 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. Protein in lyophilized powder form is stable for up to 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.
Notes	Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week.

Target Details

Target Function	Has both folate hydrolase and N-acetylated-alpha-linked-acidic dipeptidase (NAALADase) activity. Has a preference for tri-alpha-glutamate peptides. In the intestine, required for the uptake of folate. In the brain, modulates excitatory neurotransmission through the hydrolysis of the neuropeptide, N-aceylaspartylglutamate (NAAG), thereby releasing glutamate. Involved in prostate tumor progression.; Also exhibits a dipeptidyl-peptidase IV type activity. In vitro, cleaves Gly-Pro-AMC.
Subcellular Location	Cell membrane; Single-pass type II membrane protein.; [Isoform PSMA']: Cytoplasm.
Protein Families	Peptidase M28 family, M28B subfamily
Database References	HGNC: 3788 OMIM: 600934 KEGG: hsa:2346 STRING: 9606.ENSP00000256999 UniGene: PMID: 28829509 Furthermore, the results also demonstrate that the stability of GCPII protein is regulated by HDAC1 through acetylation at the lysine 479 residue. PMID: 29448109 Results provide evidence that PSMA is expressed in the neovasculature of a subset of soft tissue tumors to a variable extent predominantly occurring in sarcomas. PMID: 28002805 PSMA is significantly overexpressed in the neovasculature of differentiated thyroid cancers compared with normal and benign thyroid nodules PMID: 28844117 Demonstrate that several laminin-derived peptides containing carboxy-terminal glutamate moieties (LQE, IEE, LNE) are bona fide substrates for PSMA. Subsequently, the peptide products were tested for their effects on angiogenesis in various models. PMID: 27387982 results demonstrate both the feasibility of preparing PSMA-targeted MBs and the benefits of using bioorthogonal chemistry to create targeted US probes PMID: 28472168 Xenografted human tumors expressing different levels of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) was produced to assess the clearance, biodistribution and imaging potential of 123I-scFvD2B. PMID: 28051996 GCPII may not be a priority target for molecular imaging of atherosclerotic lesions. PMID: 27609368 We also confirmed the specificity and selectivity of prostate-specific membrane antigen targeting by assessing prostate-specific membrane antigen-null PC3 cell lines under the same conditions (<10% cell ablation PMID: 28351335 In conclusion, we have successfully developed the specific PSMA-targeting IO nanoparticle, DOTA-IO-GUL, as a dual-modality probe for complementary PET/MR imaging PMID: 26739097 The risk of coronary disease and ischemic stroke associated with multiple polymorphisms and haplotypes of MADD and FOLH1 in Han Chinese patients are reported in association with alcohol consumption. PMID: 27070640 MDM2 and PSMA may co-regulate the expression of certain MMPs and, thus, the functionality of cells in metastatic breast cancer. PMID: 26977010 Systemic treatment with these radiation-sensitizing agents selectively enhanced the potency of external beam radiation therapy for established PSMA-positive tumors. PMID: 26438155 prostate-specific membrane antigen is significantly overexpressed in adrenocortical carcinoma neovasculature when compared with normal and benign adrenal tumors PMID: 26771706 Data show that the expressed antibody could specifically bind to prostate-specific membrane antigen ( PSMA) positive cells. PMID: 27358992 Ad5/35E1aPSESE4 is effective in marking PSA/PSMA-positive prostate cancer cells in patient blood to improve the efficacy of utilizing CTCs as a biomarker. PMID: 26723876 evaluated the relaxometric properties of these agents in solution, in prostate cancer cells, and in an in vivo experimental model to demonstrate the feasibility of PSMA-based MR molecular imaging PMID: 26212031 First evidence of PSMA expression in differentiated thyroid cancer using [Ga]PSMA-HBED-CC PET/CT. PMID: 25916744 In vitro immunotherapy is described for anti-prostate cancer effects of cytotoxic T lymphocytes induction by recombinant adenovirus mediated PSMA/4-1BBL dendritic cells. PMID: 26125931 Results from genetic models highlight the importance of GCPII genetic variants as relatively novel risk factors for breast cancer and prostate cancer. PMID: 26471812 The findings suggest that C1561T-GCPII variation may be associated with risk for adenomatous polyp, and vitamin C may modify risk by interacting with the variant gene, its expression product and/or folate substrates. PMID: 26028103 This study demonstrates the feasibility of D2B IgG, F(ab')2 and Fab fragments for targeting PSMA-expressing prostate cancer xenografts. PMID: 24764162 This study demonstrated that Overexpression and Nucleolar Localization gcp2 in glioblastoma. PMID: 26079448 we focus on the susceptibilities of these PSA-PSMA prostate clones to factors that promote prostate hyperplastic, neoplastic and metastatic development PMID: 24788382 PSMA expression may be correlated with nanog's expression as well as with other confounders in a population of prostate CSCs. PMID: 24762500 High glutamate carboxypeptidase II levels are associated with pancreatic cancer. PMID: 24477651 High tumor PSMA expression was not an independent predictor of lethal prostate cancer in the current study. PMID: 24130224 Taken together, this study demonstrated that the increase in GCPII induced by VPA is not due to the classical epigenetic mechanism, but via enhanced acetylation of lysine residues in GCPII. PMID: 24939622 our data may suggest a new role for PSMA in prostate cancer progression, and provide opportunities for developing non-invasive approaches for diagnosis or prognosis of prostate cancer PMID: 24424840 Tumor-associated vasculature was PSMA-positive in 74% of primary breast cancers and in 100% of breast cancers metastatic to brain. PSMA was not detected in normal breast tissue. No significant association was seen between PSMA and lymph node involvement. PMID: 24304465 the impact of Glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII) haplotypes on the expression of PSMA, BNIP3, Ec-SOD, GSTP1 and RASSF1 genes were elucidated to understand the epigenetic basis of oxidative stress and prostate cancer risk. PMID: 23979608 PSMA is part of a proteolytic cascade where it acts downstream of MMP-2 to create small pro-angiogenic laminin peptides. PMID: 23775497 The increase in gene expression ratio of PSA:PSMA to about 4.95 strongly correlated with the prostate cancer and with high intratumoral angiogenesis. PMID: 24063616 High glutamate carboxypeptidase II mRNA expression is associated with pelvic lymph node micrometastasis in prostate cancer. PMID: 24292502 Data suggest the importance of an aromatic group and succinimide moiety for high affinity of probes with prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PMID: 24063417 Taking into account the PC phenotypes according to RKIP among PSA-PSMA profiles may improve distinguishing them from cancers that will become more aggressive. PMID: 23991415 Data suggest the radioimmunoscintigraphic detection of radiolabeled prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA antibodies might not be entirely specific for prostatic cells PMID: 21640619 Data indicate that PSA, PSMA, hK2, PSCA, DD3, and their combinations, combined analysis of PSA and/or hK2 expression in pelvic lymph nodes could predict biochemical recurrence free survival (BRFS) following radical prostatectomy (RP). PMID: 21600799 These data suggest that GCPII has two distinctive binding sites for two different substrates and that ABETA degradation occurs through binding to S1 pocket of GCPII. PMID: 23891752 Data indicate that glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII) is not an amyloid peptide-degrading enzyme. PMID: 23525278 Data did not show any amyloid-beta (Abeta) peptide degradation activity of glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII). PMID: 23525279 Folate plus vitamin B12 supplementation can improve negative symptoms of schizophrenia, but treatment response is influenced by FOLH1 genetic variation in folate absorption. PMID: 23467813 PSMA could be used as an independent prognostic marker for the osteosarcoma patients PMID: 22009216 Canine PSMA reveals similar characteristics to human PSMA rendering this protein useful as a translational model for investigations of prostate cancer as well as a suitable antigen for targeted therapy studies in dogs. PMID: 23359458 androgen-deprivation induced a decrease in AR and PSMA levels in androgen-sensitive LNCaP cells, which may be associated with the development of more aggressive disease-state following androgen deprivation therapy. PMID: 23041906 The D191V variant increases breast cancer risk by affecting plasma folate. V108A and P160S variants reduce breast cancer risk. V108A and G245S varients are associated with prostate cancer risk. PMID: 23266799 To conclude, GCPII haplotypes influenced susceptibility to stroke by influencing homocysteine levels. PMID: 23259322 The survivin promoter exhibited a higher transcriptional activity than PSMA promoter and enhancer in prostate tumor cell lines. PMID: 22568207 High expression of prostate-specific membrane antigen in the tumor-associated neo-vasculature is associated with worse prog-nosis in squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity. PMID: 22460809 The PSM-E splice variant of PSMA suppression effect on cell proliferation is stronger compared to PSMA and the suppression effect on invasiveness is weaker than that of PSMA. PMID: 22322627

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

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