Recombinant Human Glucose-6-Phosphate Isomerase (GPI) Protein (His)

Name: Recombinant Human Glucose-6-Phosphate Isomerase (GPI) Protein (His)
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BLC-02358P
Availability: InStock

Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

Collections: High-quality recombinant proteins, Other recombinant proteins

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Product Overview

Description	Recombinant Human Glucose-6-Phosphate Isomerase (GPI) Protein (His) is produced by our E.coli expression system. This is a protein fragment.
Purity	Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
Uniprotkb	P06744
Target Symbol	GPI
Synonyms	AMF; Aurocrine motility factor; Autocrine motility factor; DKFZp686C13233; EC 5.3.1.9; G6PI_HUMAN; Glucose phosphate isomerase; Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase; GNPI; GPI; Gpi1; Hexose monophosphate isomerase; Hexosephosphate isomerase; Neuroleukin; NLK; Oxoisomerase; PGI; PHI; Phosphoglucose isomerase; Phosphohexomutase; Phosphohexose isomerase; Phosphosaccharomutase; SA 36; SA-36; SA36; Sperm antigen 36
Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
Expression System	E.coli
Tag	N-6His
Target Protein Sequence	AALTRDPQFQKLQQWYREHRSELNLRRLFDANKDRFNHFSLTLNTNHGHILVDYSKNLVTEDVMRMLVDLAKSRGVEAARERMFNGEKINYTEGRAVLHVALRNRSNTPILVDGKDVMPEVNKVLDKMKSFCQRVRSGDWKGYTGKTITDVINIGIGGSDLGPLMVTEALKPYSSGGPRVWYVSNIDGTHIAKTLAQLNPESSLFIIASKTFTTQETITNAETAKEWFLQAAKDPSAVAKHFVALSTNTTKVKEFGIDPQNMFEFWDWVGGRYSLWSAIGLSIALHVGFDNFEQLLSGAHWMDQHFRTTPLEKNAPVLLALLGIWYINCFGCETHAMLPYDQYLHRFAAYFQQGDMESNGKYITKSGTRVDHQTGPIVWGEPGTNGQHAFYQLIHQGTKMIPCDFLIPVQTQHPIRKGLHHKILLANFLAQTEALMRGKSTEEARKELQAAGKSPEDLERLLPHKVFEGNRPTNSIVFTKLTPFMLGALVAMYEHKIFVQGIIWDINSFDQWGVELGKQLAKKIEPELDGSAQVTSHDASTNGLINFIKQQRE
Expression Range	2-554aa
Protein Length	Partial
Mol. Weight	66.6kDa
Research Area	Signal Transduction
Form	Liquid or Lyophilized powder
Buffer	Liquid form: default storage buffer is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 5%-50% glycerol. Lyophilized powder form: the buffer before lyophilization is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 6% Trehalose, pH 8.0.
Reconstitution	Briefly centrifuged the vial prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Reconstitute protein in deionized sterile water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL. It is recommended to add 5-50% of glycerol (final concentration) and aliquot for long-term storage at -20°C/-80°C. The default final concentration of glycerol is 50%.
Storage	1. Store at -20°C/-80°C upon receipt, aliquoting is necessary for mutiple use. 2. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. 3. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week. 4. In general, protein in liquid form is stable for up to 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. Protein in lyophilized powder form is stable for up to 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.
Notes	Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week.

Target Details

Target Function	In the cytoplasm, catalyzes the conversion of glucose-6-phosphate to fructose-6-phosphate, the second step in glycolysis, and the reverse reaction during gluconeogenesis. Besides it's role as a glycolytic enzyme, also acts as a secreted cytokine: acts as an angiogenic factor (AMF) that stimulates endothelial cell motility. Acts as a neurotrophic factor, neuroleukin, for spinal and sensory neurons. It is secreted by lectin-stimulated T-cells and induces immunoglobulin secretion.
Subcellular Location	Cytoplasm. Secreted.
Protein Families	GPI family
Database References	HGNC: 4458 OMIM: 172400 KEGG: hsa:2821 UniGene: PMID: 28067317 Our data suggest that glucose-6-phosphate isomerase gene polymorphism may serve as potential biomarkers to predict the overall survival of hepatocellular carcinoma. PMID: 27288297 Mutation p.Gln413Arg fs24 is the first frameshift null mutation to be described in GPI deficiency. Molecular modeling suggests that the structural change induced by the p.Gly87Ala pathogenic variant has direct impact in the structural arrangement of the region close to the active site of the enzyme. PMID: 27519939 The 2 cysteines in hGPIc-c are prone to form disulfides upon oxidation. hGPIc-c could induce arthritis in both B10.Q and B10Q.Ncf1/* mice, whereas hGPIs-s immunization did not induce disease at all, showing that these disulfides are critical for the arthritis-inducing immune response. The cysteines at position 330 and 333 are not crucial for TCR recognition. GILT expression affects hGPI-c-c processing at the CXXC motif. PMID: 29127146 These results suggested that E4P by directly interacting with extracellular HPI/AMF may be an effective strategy to deter BCSC growth and progression. PMID: 28648642 The silencing of PGI/AMF decreased the levels of phosphorylated Akt (-71.9%, P<0.001) compared with the scrambled siRNA, as well as the levels of the stemness marker, SOX2 (-61.7%, P<0.01). Taken together, these findings suggest that PGI/AMF silencing decreases migration, tumorsphere formation as well as the proportion of on the side population cells in glioblastoma U87 cells. PMID: 26936801 NLK is able to promote cell proliferation and type II collagen synthesis during in vitro chondrocyte propagation. PMID: 26573126 Suggest tha AMF/PGI-mediated tumorigenesis occurs through MAPK-ERK signaling in endometrial carcinoma. PMID: 26308071 Study supports a role for AMF mediating epithelial-mesenchymal transition in endometrial cancer (EC) through MAPK signaling. Therefore, AMF may provide a potential prognostic and therapeutic target in preventing EC progression. PMID: 26201353 Results showed an increase in GPI and AMFR in clear cell-renal cell carcinoma cells, and their colocalization on plasma membrane. Kaplan-Meier curves showed significant differences in survival among groups of patients with high versus low GPI. PMID: 26579829 The association of ENO1 and GPI with postthaw sperm viability and motility was confirmed using Pearson's linear correlation. ENO1 and GPI can be used as markers of human sperm freezability before starting the cryopreservation procedure. PMID: 25910678 High GPI expression is associated with metastatic phenotype of breast cancer. PMID: 24440856 PGI is a moonlighting protein that functions as a cytosolic enzyme involved in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, and as cytokine through binding to its cell surface receptor. PMID: 11004567 Serum anti-GPI autoantibodies are useful for the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis in Chinese patients. PMID: 23773638 Findings suggest that autocrine motility factor (AMF)-HER2 interaction might be a novel target for therapeutic management of patients with breast cancer, whose disease is resistant to trastuzumab. PMID: 23248119 For PGI, an extended active site in which residues in the first, second, and third layers around the reacting substrate are predicted. PMID: 21970785 GPI is a target gene of the BACH1 transcription factor according to ChIP-seq analysis in HEK 293 cells. PMID: 21555518 By regulating ER calcium release, AMF/PGI interaction with gp78/AMFR therefore protects against ER stress identifying novel roles for these cancer-associated proteins in promoting tumor cell survival. PMID: 21252914 Data suggest that elevated serum glucose-6-phosphate isomerase may be involved in the synovitis of rheumatoid arthritis and may prove useful as a serum marker for disease activity. PMID: 20810510 Data show that effective downregulation of AMF/PGI expression and subsequent abrogation of AMF/PGI secretion, which resulted in morphologic change with reduced growth, motility, and invasion. PMID: 20978190 autocrine motility factor/phosphoglucose isomerase against TGF-beta-induced apoptosis was correlated with its enzymatic activity PMID: 19819066 hypoxia-induced gene in pancreatic cancer cell lines PMID: 11688991 Overexpression induces neoplastic transformation and survival of NIH-3T3 fibroblasts. PMID: 12517804 The results demonstrate that the enzymatic activity of PGI is not essential for either receptor binding or cytokine function of human PGI. PMID: 12527360 crystal structure and analysis of the initial ring-opening step of catalysis PMID: 12573240 role in regulating cell proliferation PMID: 12783864 AMF regulates expression of Apaf-1 and caspase-9 genes via a complex signaling pathway and indirectly regulates formation of the apoptosome. (autocrine motility factor) PMID: 14566819 The observations are consistent with a downstream mediation role of MMP-3 in Pohophoglucose isomerase/AMF-stimulated tumor cell metastasis. PMID: 14715248 T-cell dependent peripheral polyarthritis induced by recombinant human glucose-6-phosphate isomerase in genetically unaltered mice demonstrates for the first time the induction of organ-specific disease by systemic autoimmunity. PMID: 15034067 In addition to the findings in rheumatoid arthritis, our results indicate that GPI is not a general target of autoantibodies in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. PMID: 15290745 Our results suggest that GPI variants may play a crucial role in the production of autoantibodies against ubiquitous GPI autoantigens. PMID: 15369782 AMF expression significantly contributes to the aggressive phenotype of pancreatic cancer PMID: 15570012 phosphoglucose isomerase/autocrine motility factor activities are differentially regulated by protein kinase CK2 phosphorylation PMID: 15637053 interaction with hypoxia-inducible factor-1 drives mobility of erythroid progenitor cells PMID: 15850830 N-glyco side-chain of AMFR is a trigger and that interaction between the 117-C-terminal part of AMF and the extracellular core protein of autocrine motility factor receptor (AMFR) is needed during AMF-AMFR interactions PMID: 16563432 elevated G6PI levels present in patients with immune-based inflammatory arthritis may contribute to elevated levels of anti-G6PI Abs and G6PI/anti-G6PI immune complexes PMID: 16949042 Missense mutations c.341A>T (p.Asp113Val) in exon 4 and c.663T>G (p.Asn220Lys) in exon 7 are associated with hereditary nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia. PMID: 17041899 the receptor molecule for AMF/NLK/MF in leukemic differentiation is not gp78 PMID: 17071500 raft-dependent endocytosis of AMF follows a distinct phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-dependent pathway that is up-regulated in more aggressive tumor cells PMID: 17690101 PGI/AMF is involved in oxidative stress-induced cellular senescence and should bring novel insights into the control of cellular growth leading to a new methodology for cancer treatment. PMID: 17925402 IL-6 and Th17 play an essential role in GPI-induced arthritis PMID: 18311788 Results of this study suggest that AMF stimulation stimulates MMP3 expression via a MAPK signaling pathway. PMID: 18485900 Peptide fragment glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI)325-339 is identified as a major epitope in GPI-induced arthritis, with potential to induce polyarthritis. PMID: 18992137 Mutations effect catalytic activity and structural stability of human glucose-6-phosphate isomerase. PMID: 19064002 Expression of this protein leads to mesenchymal-topepithelial transition in breast cancer cells. PMID: 19531650 overexpression of PGI significantly contributes to the aggressive phenotype of human colon cancer PMID: 19787266 melanoma migration induced by AMF is mediated by autocrine production of IL-8 as a novel downstream modulator of the AMF signaling pathway PMID: 19801670

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

To learn more about how to properly dissolve the lyophilized recombinant protein, please visit Lyophilization FAQs.