Recombinant Human Gap Junction Alpha-1 Protein (GJA1) Protein (His)

Name: Recombinant Human Gap Junction Alpha-1 Protein (GJA1) Protein (His)
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BLC-11067P
Availability: InStock

Greater than 85% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

Collections: High-quality recombinant proteins, Other recombinant proteins

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Product Overview

Description	Recombinant Human Gap Junction Alpha-1 Protein (GJA1) Protein (His) is produced by our Baculovirus expression system. This is a protein fragment.
Purity	Greater than 85% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
Uniprotkb	P17302
Target Symbol	GJA1
Synonyms	GJA1; GJAL; Gap junction alpha-1 protein; Connexin-43; Cx43; Gap junction 43 kDa heart protein
Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
Expression System	Baculovirus
Tag	N-10His
Target Protein Sequence	FKGVKDRVKGKSDPYHATSGALSPAKDCGSQKYAYFNGCSSPTAPLSPMSPPGYKLVTGDRNNSSCRNYNKQASEQNWANYSAEQNRMGQAGSTISNSHAQPFDFPDDNQNSKKLAAGHELQPLAIVDQRPSSRASSRASSRPRPDDLEI
Expression Range	233-382aa
Protein Length	Partial
Mol. Weight	18.8
Research Area	Signal Transduction
Form	Liquid or Lyophilized powder
Buffer	Liquid form: default storage buffer is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 5%-50% glycerol. Lyophilized powder form: the buffer before lyophilization is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 6% Trehalose, pH 8.0.
Storage	1. Store at -20°C/-80°C upon receipt, aliquoting is necessary for mutiple use. 2. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. 3. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week. 4. In general, protein in liquid form is stable for up to 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. Protein in lyophilized powder form is stable for up to 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.
Notes	Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week.

Target Details

Target Function	Gap junction protein that acts as a regulator of bladder capacity. A gap junction consists of a cluster of closely packed pairs of transmembrane channels, the connexons, through which materials of low MW diffuse from one cell to a neighboring cell. May play a critical role in the physiology of hearing by participating in the recycling of potassium to the cochlear endolymph. Negative regulator of bladder functional capacity: acts by enhancing intercellular electrical and chemical transmission, thus sensitizing bladder muscles to cholinergic neural stimuli and causing them to contract. May play a role in cell growth inhibition through the regulation of NOV expression and localization. Plays an essential role in gap junction communication in the ventricles.
Subcellular Location	Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. Cell junction, gap junction. Endoplasmic reticulum.
Protein Families	Connexin family, Alpha-type (group II) subfamily
Database References	HGNC: 4274 OMIM: 104100 KEGG: hsa:2697 STRING: 9606.ENSP00000282561 UniGene: PMID: 27789753 Novel role for Cx43-formed unidirectional gap junctional intercellular communication was in mediating metabolic coupling between cancer-associated fibroblasts and non-small cell lung cancer cells and thereby facilitating malignant progression of NSCLC by enhancing oxidative phosphorylation and increasing ATP-activated PI3K/Akt and MAPK/ERK signaling pathways. PMID: 30453281 Study demonstrated overexpression of Ubc9 protein in osteosarcoma. Silencing Ubc9 in osteosarcoma cell lines induced decoupling of SUMO1 from Cx43, generating increased free Cx43 levels, which is important for reconstructing gap junction intercellular communication and recovering cellular functions. PMID: 29956745 These results demonstrate that the Cx43 SH3-binding domain, in addition to the CT9 region, critically controls hemichannel activity at high [Ca(2+)]i, which may be involved in pathological hemichannel opening. PMID: 29218600 Pinocembrin alleviated ventricular arrhythmia in I/R rats via enhancing Na+-K+ATPase and Ca+-Mg2+ATPase activity and upregulating Cx43 and Kir2.1 protein expression. PMID: 30022020 A Tunisian family with ODDD marked by neurologic signs with anticipation which is uncommon in this disease and extends the mutational spectrum of the GJA1 gene by a novel mutation in the L2 region of Cx43. PMID: 30204976 Our understanding of these interactions is, by far, most well developed for connexin 43 (Cx43) and the scope of this review is to summarize our current knowledge of their functional and regulatory roles. The significance of these interactions is further exemplified by demonstrating their importance at the intercalated disc, a major hub for Cx43 regulation and Cx43 mediated effects PMID: 29748463 In progesterone control of myometrial contractility during pregnancy and labour, while liganded nuclear progesterone receptor B can suppress the expression of Cx43, unliganded progesterone receptor A paradoxically translocates to the nucleus where it acts as a transcriptional activator of this labour gene. PMID: 27220952 Ezrin-anchored PKA phosphorylates serine 369 and 373 on connexin 43 to enhance gap junction assembly, communication, and cell fusion. PMID: 29259079 Study found a significant difference in the expression of Cx43 and SUMO1 between cancer stem cells and non-cancer stem cells in liver cancer. By the co-expression of Cx43 and SUMO1 in cancer stem cells, the gap junction intercellular communication of liver cancer stem cells was obviously improved. PMID: 29393359 The frequency of the single nucleotide polymorphism rs2071166 was significantly higher in atrial septal defect cases than in healthy controls. The CC genotype at rs2071166 site in Cx43 was correlated with an increased risk for atrial septal defect and the C allele was positively correlated with atrial septal defect. PMID: 29198211 inhibition of Connexin43 signalling plays a more significant role in regulating cell proliferation than cell migration. PMID: 29463027 Our results suggest that keratinization in the hair follicle is closely related to the decrease in Cx43 expression PMID: 28960405 Human Cx46 V44M mutant causing cataracts result in abnormally decreased formation of gap junction plaques and impaired gap junction channel function. PMID: 29321356 Abnormal expression of Cx43 in the cerebral arteries may play an important role in the formation of vascular intima thickening in patients with moyamoya disease. PMID: 29395647 Findings demonstrate how SRC3 and Cx43 regulation between BMSCs and myeloma cells mediate cell growth and disease progression. PMID: 29075794 We generated mutations of known conserved regulatory serine (S) residues 255, 279/282, 365, 368, and 373. S365A, S365E, S368A, S368E, and S373A mutants bound ZO-1 throughout the GJ plaques, while the S373E mutant did not bind ZO-1 at all. our results suggest that 1) S365 and S373 phosphorylation promote forward trafficking, In addition, phosphorylation on these residues appears to prevent premature binding of ZO-1 PMID: 29021339 These data suggest that chronic exposure to glucose-evoked TGFbeta1 induce an increase in CX26 and CX43 expression, consistent with changes observed in tubular epithelia from patients with diabetic nephropathy. PMID: 29587265 Cx43, a transmembrane protein initially described as a gap junction protein, participates in all forms of communication including extracellular vesicles, tunnelling nanotubes or gap junctions. (Review) PMID: 29025971 One novel homozygous variant c.169C>T and one heterozygous SNP c.624C>T (rs530633057) were determined in 124 SUNDS cases (one case for each detected variant) and none of the 125 healthy controls. This is the first report of GJA1 gene variations in SUNDS in the Chinese Han population, which suggests a novel susceptibility gene for Chinese sudden unexplained nocturnal death syndrome. PMID: 27992820 The functional modulation of connexin 43 (Cx43) indicate its involvement in olfactory ensheathing cells-conditioned medium (OEC-CM) mediated neuroprotection. PMID: 28488330 To determine the role of connexin43 hemichannels in diabetic retinopathy, changes in cytokine and ATP release were evaluated after treatment with Peptide5, a connexin43 hemichannel blocker. Co-application of glucose and cytokines increased the secretion of IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, sICAM-1, VEGF and ATP. Peptide 5 blocked this and prevented ATP release, indicating a role for connexin-43 hemichannels. PMID: 29158134 human Cx40/Cx45 and Cx43/Cx45 heterotypic gap junctions were investigated by recombinant expression in GJ deficient cells. PMID: 28760564 The results of this study show that total (whole-cell) Cx43, but not Cx30, protein levels are upregulated in the sclerotic hippocampus, both in human and experimental experimental temporal lobe epilepsy. PMID: 28795432 Data suggest that the level of CX43 expression in breast tumors is altered when compared to the normal tissue. While some reports show that its levels decrease, other evidence suggests that its levels are increased and protein localization shifts from the plasma membrane to cytoplasm. In either case, the prevailing theory is that breast tumor cells have reduced gap junction communication within primary tumors. [review] PMID: 28902343 an oncogenic E3 ubiquitin ligase promotes loss of gap junctions and Cx43 degradation in human carcinoma cells. PMID: 28733455 Administration metformin can protect the H9c2 cells against hyperglycemia-induced apoptosis and Cx43 down-regulation, in part, mediated through the induction of autophagy pathway PMID: 28824303 DNA methylation of GJA-1 of human hippocampus and prefrontal cortex in major depression is unchanged in comparison to healthy individuals. PMID: 28645745 hepaCAM associates with connexin 43, a main component of gap junctions, and enhances connexin 43 localization to the plasma membrane at cellular junctions. PMID: 27819278 a region of CX43 (amino acids 266-283) exerts an important anti-tumor effect in patient-derived glioblastoma models that includes impairment of GSC migration and invasion. PMID: 28712848 The low connexin 43 expression levels may reflect both a reduction in astroglial functional gap junctions and semicanals and a decrease in the amount of the protein itself that has independently antioncogenic properties. PMID: 28418351 Cx43 inhibited the growth of U251 cells, promoted morphological changes and migration, and inhibited apoptosis via a mitochondria-associated pathway. PMID: 28615614 MIF is involved in the pathogenesis of AF, probably by down-regulating the protein and gene expression of Cx43 via ERK1/2 kinase activation PMID: 28429502 These studies highlight the importance of Cx43 expression and function during osteoblast and chondrocyte differentiation. PMID: 28177159 The observations identify a novel strategy of prostate cancer cell diapedesis, which depends on the activation of intercellular Cx43/ERK1/ERK2/Cx43 signaling axis at the interfaces between Cx43-high prostate cancer and endothelial cells. PMID: 28396058 we present an overview of the key phosphatases known to interact with Cx43 or modulators of Cx43, as well as some possible therapeutic targets to regulate phosphatase activity in the heart. PMID: 28478048 many of the known non-canonical roles of Cx43 can be attributed to the recently identified six endogenous Cx43 truncated isoforms which are produced by internal translation. In general, alternative translation is a new leading edge for proteome expansion and therapeutic drug development. PMID: 28576298 Spatio-temporal regulation of connexin43 phosphorylation and gap junction dynamics. PMID: 28414037 the complex regulatory and signalling networks controlled by the Cx43 CT, including the extensive protein interactome that underlies both gap junction channel-dependent and -independent functions. PMID: 28526583 Cx43 role in the regulation of the metastatic potential and migration of prostate cancer cells PMID: 28651025 Results showed that connexin 43 enhanced oxaliplatin cytotoxicity through gap junctional communication function and high concentration of oxaliplatin inhibited connexin 43 expression to counteract its cytotoxicity PMID: 28478804 Connexin 43 expression was significantly reduced or lost in prostate cancer tissues, which was associated with advanced clinicopathological features and poor biochemical recurrence-free survival of patients after radical prostatectomy PMID: 27623212 To match the stimulatory effect on acid uptake, cell-to-cell coupling in NHDF-Ad and CCD-112-CoN cells was strengthened with TGFbeta1.Importantly, the activities of stromal AE2 and connexin-43 do not place an energetic burden on cancer cells, allowing resources to be diverted for other activities PMID: 27543333 Study highlights the role of polyamines in the regulation of connexin 43 (Cx43) gap junctions. The study found that polyamines augment cell-to-cell communication and prevent uncoupling of Cx43 gap junctions induced by acidification and high [Ca2+]i. PMID: 28134630 Cx43 expression which may positively regulate cell migration is ER-dependent in ER-positive breast cancer cells. PMID: 29180066 This study observed a progressive increase in Cx43 expression in the SOD1(G93A) mouse model of ALS during the disease course. Notably, this increase in Cx43 was also detected in the motor cortex and spinal cord of ALS patients. PMID: 27083773 We suggest that lymph node metastatic adenoid cystic carcinoma cells (AdCC) acquire cancer stem cell features involving the up-regulation of nicotinamide N-Methyltransferase and the loss of gap junction protein alpha-1, leading to epithelial-mesenchymal transition and consequent AdCC metastasis PMID: 29277772 Data show that Cx43 was inhibited predominantly via IL-1beta-activated ERK1/2 and p38 MAP kinase cascades. PMID: 28938400 BMP2 decreases gap junction intercellular communication of luteinized human granulosa cells by downregulating Cx43 expression through an ALK2/ALK3-mediated SMAD-dependent signaling pathway. PMID: 27986931 NO controls the calcium signal propagation through Cx37-containing gap junctions. The tyrosine phosphatase SHP-2 is the essential mediator and NO target. PMID: 29025706

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

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