Recombinant Human Filaggrin (FLG) Protein (His)

Name: Recombinant Human Filaggrin (FLG) Protein (His)
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BLC-03364P
Availability: InStock

Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

Collections: High-quality recombinant proteins, Other recombinant proteins

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Product Overview

Description	Recombinant Human Filaggrin (FLG) Protein (His) is produced by our Yeast expression system. This is a protein fragment.
Purity	Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
Uniprotkb	P20930
Target Symbol	FLG
Synonyms	ATOD2; Epidermal filaggrin; FILA_HUMAN; Filaggrin; Filaggrin precursor; Fillagrin; FLG; Profilaggrin
Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
Expression System	Yeast
Tag	N-6His
Target Protein Sequence	DSSRHSQSGQGESAGSRRSRRQGSSVSQDSDSEAYPEDSERRSESASRNHHGSSREQSRDGSRHPGSSHRDTASHVQSSPVQSDSSTAKEHGHFSSLSQDSAYHSGIQSRGSPHSSSSYHYQSEGTERQKGQSGLVWRHGSYGSADYDYGESGFRHSQHGSVSYNSNPVVFKERSDICKASAFGKDHPRYYATYINKDPGLCGHSSDISKQLGFSQSQRYYYYE
Expression Range	3838-4061aa
Protein Length	Partial
Mol. Weight	26.8kDa
Research Area	Signal Transduction
Form	Liquid or Lyophilized powder
Buffer	Liquid form: default storage buffer is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 5%-50% glycerol. Lyophilized powder form: the buffer before lyophilization is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 6% Trehalose, pH 8.0.
Reconstitution	Briefly centrifuged the vial prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Reconstitute protein in deionized sterile water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL. It is recommended to add 5-50% of glycerol (final concentration) and aliquot for long-term storage at -20°C/-80°C. The default final concentration of glycerol is 50%.
Storage	1. Store at -20°C/-80°C upon receipt, aliquoting is necessary for mutiple use. 2. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. 3. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week. 4. In general, protein in liquid form is stable for up to 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. Protein in lyophilized powder form is stable for up to 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.
Notes	Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week.

Target Details

Target Function	Aggregates keratin intermediate filaments and promotes disulfide-bond formation among the intermediate filaments during terminal differentiation of mammalian epidermis.
Subcellular Location	Cytoplasmic granule.
Protein Families	S100-fused protein family
Database References	HGNC: 3748 OMIM: 135940 KEGG: hsa:2312 STRING: 9606.ENSP00000357789 UniGene: PMID: 27498358 FLG mutation was not associated with MM in the studied populations. PMID: 28833578 The results show that patients carrying filaggrin mutations had increase prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus colonization. PMID: 28317091 We suggest that SNP in FLG (rs11204981) may serve as an important predictive marker for the combined eczema plus asthma phenotype, and that the highest level of expression in heterozygous may have a protective role in developing allergy phenotype. PMID: 29569866 This study indicates an increased susceptibility to actinic keratosis in individuals with homozygous, but not heterozygous, FLG mutations and in patients with atopic dermatitis compared to psoriasis. PMID: 28213896 This study demonstrated, for the first time, that FLG expression in UCB is associated with eczema development in infancy. Moreover, our analysis provided prediction models that were capable of discriminating, to a great extent, between those who will and will not develop eczema in infancy. PMID: 28502108 In a side-to-side comparison of two different methods to determine NMF in atopic dermatitis patients: Raman microspectroscopy and stratum corneum tape stripping followed by HPLC. both methods demonstrated a concentration-depth dependence of NMF and reduced NMF levels in the carriers of filaggrin null mutations PMID: 27805415 FLG and POSTN expression may be downregulated and upregulated, respectively, in the esophageal mucosa of patients with active eosinophilic esophagitis, and these changes may be restored with treatment in a significant percentage of cases. PMID: 28644349 immunoreactivity for filaggrin was significantly more intense in the oral mucosa in the patients with OLP/OLL compared with healthy controls PMID: 28000306 atopic dermatitis patients without palmoplantar hyperlinearity unlikely to carry FLG mutations PMID: 27120251 FLG mutations are strongly associated with atopic eczema and confer a significant risk of allergic sensitization and asthma in the context of eczema in Polish children. PMID: 29068602 There was no association of the atopy risk variants in the FLG gene with OFG. PMID: 27306066 suggest that FLG P478S is a kind of disease modifier which affects serologic parameters such as EDN and ECP PMID: 29281699 In this study of 97 174 individuals from the Danish general population, FLG loss-of-function mutations were associated with increased ischemic stroke risk PMID: 28164424 study found that among patients with atopic dermatitis (AD), common FLG null mutations are associated with earlier AD onset in a dose-dependent manner, whereas TSLP rs1898671 appears unrelated to the timing of AD onset PMID: 28479194 The two SNPs K4671X and rs3126085 of FLG were related to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated gastric carcinoma. PMID: 28455573 FLG mutation is associated with IgE sensitization to peanut but not to other allergens in Swedish children up to 16 years of age PMID: 28456621 Erythemal doses of ultraviolet B exert acute effects on profilaggrin mRNA and filaggrin protein in human skin in vivo. PMID: 28358172 FLG mutations are associated with early onset of atopic dermatitis, more severe clinical course of disease, and a significantly increased risk ofMolluscum contagiosum sustained skin infection PMID: 28866311 Study conducted in Croatia found a low frequency of FLG null-mutations in general population (2.6%) and did not confirm FLG null-mutations as an etiological factor for Atopy and Atopic disease in the studied population. PMID: 29087092 women with FLG mutations may have an increased risk of AD flares during pregnancy and of enduring postpartum problems attributable to perineal trauma during delivery. PMID: 26835886 FLG mutations are risk factors for atopic dermatitis in Finns, but disease severity and treatment response were independent of patient FLG status. PMID: 27840886 Patients with both atopic dermatitis and common filaggrin gene mutations are more frequently affected by reduced health-related quality of life PMID: 27995642 Multiple lines of evidence suggest that FLG genetic variation, have little or no effect on fitness in modern humans. Haplotype-level analysis revealed a recent selective sweep which increased the allele frequency of the Huxian haplogroup in Asian populations. PMID: 27678121 FLG mutations lead to alterations in epidermal eicosanoid metabolism in atopic dermatitis patients PMID: 27793761 Filaggrin gene mutations are risk factors for the presence and persistence of atopic dermatitis and explain the discordance of atopic dermatitis within dizygotic twin pairs. PMID: 27653621 Variations in FLG and TSLP genotype were associated with differences in self-reported skin clearance, TCI usage, and steroid usage. PMID: 27902816 We show that subjects with FLG-null mutations have more mature Langerhans cells in nonlesional skin irrespective of whether they have AD. PMID: 26934939 we have proposed that this latitude-dependent gradient of FLG mutations across Europe, Asia and Africa could have provided an evolutionary advantage for heterozygous FLG mutation carriers, residing at northern latitudes, depletion of the FLG downstream product, trans-urocanic acid, would facilitate the intracutaneous synthesis of vitamin D3 by allowing increased transcutaneous absorption of UVB photons PMID: 28338939 The results of the present study demonstrate that filaggrin knockdown inhibits NHEK migration, adhesion and proliferation, promotes apoptosis and disturbs cell cycle progression. PMID: 27485743 FLG rs2065955 polymorphism was significantly related to gastric carcinoma. PMID: 27535066 Four FLG null mutations (3321delA, K4022X, S3296X, and S2889X) were identified in Korean patients with Atopic Dermatitis PMID: 28120571 IL-33, which is a representative Th2 cytokine, affect as a crucial factor of skin barrier dysfunction by reducing FLG expression in human keratinocytes. PMID: 26867960 The authors data reveals that the CNV of FLG is associated with AD development in Koreans. PMID: 26554544 Filaggrin Gene Mutation c.3321delA is Associated with Dry Phenotypes of Atopic Dermatitis in the Chinese Han Population PMID: 27270549 A mutation p.Y1767X, was related to early onset and severe symptoms, which last until adulthood, and severe atopic dermatitis with other atopic diseases, such as asthma. PMID: 27366014 The present study examined the possible relationship between SNPs of FLG and chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU) for the first time, and demonstrated that none of five investigated SNPs (rs2485518, rs3126065, rs2786680, rs3814300, and rs3814299) are correlated with CIU in an Iranian population. PMID: 26796858 The study revealed 66 FLG mutation carriers and demonstrated an association between c.2282del4 deletion and atopic dermatitis development in Russians and Tatars of Volga-Ural region of Russia. PMID: 27363669 The levels of filaggrin, inflammatory T helper 2 polarizing cytokines (thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) and interleukin 33 (IL-33)) and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 27 (CCL27), histological severity markers, T and dendritic cell counts in biopsies from lesional skin of severe atopic dermatitis patients with and without filaggrin mutation and healthy skin were quantified. No significant differences were found. PMID: 26536977 The imbalance between Th1 and Th2 polarized immune response seems to extend to Filaggrin homeostasis, through the network of Filaggrin processing enzymes. PMID: 26831231 Levels of FLG, FLG2 and SPRR3 mRNAs and proteins were reduced in AD skin. PMID: 27304082 Data suggest that the c.1360A>G (p.T454A) and c.10363G>T (p.D3455Y) mutations of the filaggrin (FLG) gene may lead to alteration of the structure and function of the FLG protein and cause ichthyosis vulgaris in the two families. PMID: 27577213 genotype-phenotype correlation not obvious in Korean atopic dermatitis patients with null mutations PMID: 25997159 Results show a strong association of FLG loss-of-function mutations was found with doctor-diagnosed CD and to a lesser extent also with self-reported CD, but not with respiratory symptoms or atopy. PMID: 26451970 Identify acefylline as an activator of peptidylarginine deiminase 1 and 3 in the epidermis, resulting in filaggrin deimination. PMID: 26616205 FLG has been, and still remains the major susceptibility gene in patients with AD. PMID: 25580797 Letter: Knockdown of either filaggrin or loricrin increases the productions of interleukin (IL)-1alpha, IL-8, IL-18 and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor in stratified human keratinocytes. PMID: 26381575 Supplementation with the PPARalpha agonist WY14643 improved the homeostasis and barrier function of filaggrin deficient skin models by normalization of the free fatty acid profile. PMID: 26472199 Filaggrin genotype does not determine the skin's threshold to UV-induced erythema. PMID: 26830116 In Iranian patients, this study demonstrated that there was no significant association between polymorphisms of FLG gene variants and AD. PMID: 25230061

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

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