Recombinant Human CD32b Protein (C-6His)

Name: Recombinant Human CD32b Protein (C-6His)
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BL-0471NP
Availability: InStock

BL-0471NP: Greater than 95% as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE. (QC verified)

Collections: All products, Fc receptors, High-quality recombinant proteins, Other recombinant proteins

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Product Overview

Description	Recombinant Human Low Affinity Immunoglobulin Gamma Fc Region Receptor II-B is produced by our Mammalian expression system and the target gene encoding Thr43-Pro217 is expressed with a 6His tag at the C-terminus.
Accession	P31994
Synonym	Low Affinity Immunoglobulin Gamma Fc Region Receptor II-b; IgG Fc Receptor II-b; CDw32; Fc-Gamma RII-b; Fc-Gamma-RIIb; FcRII-b; CD32; FCGR2B; FCG2; IGFR2
Gene Background	FcγRIIB is a low affinity receptor that recognizes the Fc portion of IgG. The human CD32 group consists of FcγRIIA, FcγRIIB, and FcγRIIC proteins that share 94-99% sequence identity in their extracellular domains but differ substantially in their transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains. FcγRII protein is expressed on cells of both myeloid and lymphoid lineages as well as on cells of non-hematopoietic origin. FcγRIIB has an intrinsic cytoplasmic immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM) and delivers an inhibitory signal upon ligand binding. Ligation of FcγRIIB on B cells down-regulates antibody production and in some circumstances may promote apoptosis. Co-ligation of FcγRIIB on dendritic cells inhibits maturation and blocks cell activation. FcγRIIB may also be a target for monoclonal antibody therapy for malignancies. FcγRIIB plays an important negative-regulating role through modulating the signals from activation receptors.
Molecular Mass	20.64 KDa
Apmol Mass	22-30 KDa, reducing conditions
Formulation	Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution of 20mM PB, 150mM NaCl, pH 7.2.
Endotoxin	Less than 0.1 ng/µg (1 EU/µg) as determined by LAL test.
Purity	Greater than 95% as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE. (QC verified)
Biological Activity	Not tested
Reconstitution	Always centrifuge tubes before opening. Do not mix by vortex or pipetting. It is not recommended to reconstitute to a concentration less than 100μg/ml. Dissolve the lyophilized protein in distilled water. Please aliquot the reconstituted solution to minimize freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage	Lyophilized protein should be stored at ≤ -20°C, stable for one year after receipt. Reconstituted protein solution can be stored at 2-8°C for 2-7 days. Aliquots of reconstituted samples are stable at ≤ -20°C for 3 months.
Shipping	The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature listed below.
Usage	For Research Use Only

Target Details

Target Function	Receptor for the Fc region of complexed or aggregated immunoglobulins gamma. Low affinity receptor. Involved in a variety of effector and regulatory functions such as phagocytosis of immune complexes and modulation of antibody production by B-cells. Binding to this receptor results in down-modulation of previous state of cell activation triggered via antigen receptors on B-cells (BCR), T-cells (TCR) or via another Fc receptor. Isoform IIB1 fails to mediate endocytosis or phagocytosis. Isoform IIB2 does not trigger phagocytosis.
Subcellular Location	Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein.
Database References	HGNC: 3618 OMIM: 152700 KEGG: hsa:2213 STRING: 9606.ENSP00000351497 UniGene: PMID: 28372509 This first genome-wide association approach for cyclophosphamide response in lupus nephritis patients yielded a robust profile of genetic associations including large-effect SNP in the FCGR2B-FCRLA locus, which may provide better insights to cyclophosphamide metabolism and efficacy. PMID: 26980576 Trans-inhibition of activation and proliferation signals by Fc receptors in mast cells and basophils PMID: 27999175 These results suggest that abnormal B cell subset distribution and decreased CD32b expression on DN memory cells might be involved in the pathogenesis of Hashimoto's thyroiditis. PMID: 27832986 the single-residue polymorphism T232 enforces the inclination of the transmembrane domain and thereby reduces the lateral mobility and inhibitory functions of FcgammaRIIB. PMID: 27799621 results indicate that FcgammaRIIB is not uniquely able to promote membrane recruitment of SHIP, but rather modulates its function via formation of distinct signaling complexes. Membrane recruitment of SHIP via Syk-dependent mechanisms may be an important factor modulating immunoreceptor signaling. PMID: 27456487 Fc gamma receptor IIb was significantly elevated in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) tissues compared to normal aortas. Fc gamma receptor IIb may be involved in the pathogenesis of AAA by regulation of inflammatory reactions. PMID: 28223220 this study shows that decreased FcgRIIb expression on monocytes may contribute to the development of coronary artery lesions in patients with Kawasaki disease PMID: 28147297 Data indicate that IgG2 Y296F variant showed decreased binding for FcgammaRIIb. PMID: 23628091 LPS activation of TLR4 significantly increased MARCH3 expression and that siRNA against MARCH3 prevented the decrease in FcgammaRIIb following LPS treatment. PMID: 26694610 a rare FCGR2B null-variant allele was found, in which a polymorphic stop codon of FCGR2C is introduced into one FCGR2B gene PMID: 26133275 FcgammaRIIB requires Btk and p38 MAPK to mediate antigen-independent inhibition in human B cells. PMID: 26475492 The FCGR2B variant leads to reduced serum IL-6, later disease onset and reduced need for biological treatment, but does not seem to aggravate RA. The TM region variant is associated with a lower activation state of the Tregs and naive and memory B cells. PMID: 25630523 FcgammaRIIB rs12117530 polymorphism is associated with disease risk and clinical manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Koreans. PMID: 26084639 increased serum levels involved in aberrant immune responses in systemic sclerosis PMID: 25346304 FcgIIb on GM-CSF macrophages has a role in controlling immune complex-mediated inhibition of inflammatory signals PMID: 25340460 none of the three functional polymorphisms in FcgammaR genes explored here, the FCGR3A F158V and FCGR2B I232T nsSNPs and the VNTR in FCGRT, showed an association with the response to TNFi in patients with rheumatoid arthritis PMID: 25823782 FCGR2B inhibitory gene may be predictive of adjuvant trastuzumab benefit in HER2+ breast cancer patients. PMID: 24989892 FcgammaRIIB prevents inflammatory type I IFN production from plasmacytoid dendritic cells during a viral memory response. PMID: 25821224 The study provides evidence for FcgammaRs, especially FcgammaRIIB, being involved in the pathogenesis of Hashimoto's thyroiditis. PMID: 25670392 Variants in FcgRIIB may play a role in the development of Lupus through their roles in apoptosis or debris clearance. PMID: 25034154 cross-linking by FcgammaRIIb is critical for the superagonist activity of TGN1412 after high-density preculture PMID: 25395427 Data indicate that inhibition of phagocytosis by IVIg is independent of IgG-Fc-sialylation and does not require an increase of fc-gamma-RIIb (FcgammaRIIb) expression. PMID: 25352126 Suppression of innate and adaptive B cell activation pathways by antibody coengagement of FcgammaRIIb and CD19. PMID: 24828435 Data indicate that the lentiviral expression vector for FcgammaRIIB was successfully prepared and its expression in HT-1080 cells is controllable via the alterations of doxycycline (Dox) concentration. PMID: 24909272 found no significant difference in pretransplant panel reactive antibodies, acute rejection at 1-year nor in 10-year transplant or patient survival in individuals with differing FcgammaRIIB-I/T232 genotype PMID: 25022320 the decreased FcgammaRIIb1 translocation to lipid rafts as well as for the reduced tyrosine-phosphorylated FcgammaRIIb1 PMID: 24405601 This inhibitory function of FcgammaRIIB in impairing the spatial-temporal colocalization of BCR and CD19 microclusters in the B cell immunological synapse may help explain the hyper-reactive features of systemic lupus erythematosus PMID: 24790152 these data demonstrate that CD19 and CD32b differentially inhibit B cell expansion and plasma cell differentiation, depending on the nature of the activating stimuli, when engaged with monospecific Abs. PMID: 24442430 T cells mount rapid TGN1412 responses, which are massively boosted by FcgammaR crosslinking, in particular by CD32-expressing B cells. These results qualify HDC-PBMCs as a valuable in vitro test system for the analysis of complex mAb functions. PMID: 24470499 FCGR2B and FCGR1B augment the internalization of monoclonal antibodies on the surface of B cells. PMID: 24227819 memory CD8 T cells intrinsically express a functional FcgammaRIIB, permitting Ag-Ab complexes to regulate secondary CD8 T cell responses. PMID: 24285839 Lower expression of FCGRIIB is likely involved in the etiology of ITP. HP infection is correlated with decreased expression of FCGRIIB. PMID: 23054650 Data suggest that Fcgamma receptor IIB (FcgammaRIIB) 232I/T polymorphisms may play an important role in susceptibility to H pylori-infected immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) and in platelet responses after H pylori eradication in ITP patients. PMID: 24030263 The aim of the study was to associate multiple polymorphisms within FCGR gene locus with IgA nephropathy in a large Chinese cohort. PMID: 23593433 FcgammaRIIb has an aberrant, but essential, role in amyloid beta-mediated neuronal dysfunction. PMID: 23921129 Our data revealed that downregulation of CD32B on B cells from patients with rheumatoid arthritis is mediated by CD40-CD40L interactions PMID: 23686494 Maternal FcgammaRIIB-nt645+25A/G polymorphism and subgingival DNA level of A. actinomycetemcomitans were significantly associated with the prevalence of preeclampsia in a limited number of Japanese women. PMID: 22594540 Compared with the mouse system, human monomeric IgG subclasses have an even smaller affinity for low-affinity FcgammaRIIA, FcgammaRIIB, and FcgammaRIIIA, making it difficult to obtain exact data. PMID: 23509345 FcgammaRIIb on myeloid cells of bone marrow chimeric mice plays a major role in their protection from nephrotoxic nephritis. PMID: 23203925 We conclude that FCGR3B deletion juxtaposes the 5'-regulatory sequences of FCGR2C with the coding sequence of FCGR2B. PMID: 23261299 FcgammaRIIB might play an important role in the central nervous system infection by Cryptococcus in HIV-uninfected individuals. PMID: 22879986 CRP antagonism of eNOS is mediated by coupling of FcgammaRI to FcgammaRIIB by Src kinase and activation of inositol 5'-phosphatase 1, and consistent with this mechanism, both FcgammaRI and FcgammaRIIB are required for CRP to blunt endothelial repair in vivo. PMID: 21940940 activation of FasL is dependent on glucuronoxylomannan interaction with FcgammaRIIB;results highlight a fast track to FasL up-regulation via FcgammaRIIB and assign to this receptor an anti-inflammatory role that also accounts for induced peripheral tolerance PMID: 21605112 These findings suggest that FcgammaRIIB-nt645+25AA carriers are more likely to experience preterm birth than FcgammaRIIB-nt645+25AG and GG carriers. Also, women with FcgammaRIIB-nt645+25G exhibited a greater tendency to have periodontitis than those with nt645+25A. PMID: 21338356 Peritoneal B1 cells express the highest levels of transgenic FcgammaRIIb among B cell subsets. PMID: 22516957 FCGR2B rs10917661 may be a novel Single-nucleotide polymorphism involved in ankylosing spondylitis genetic predisposition in the Han Chinese population PMID: 22416796 The higher expression levels of FcgammaRIIb in subjects with the FcgammaRIIB-nt645+25AA genotype may induce a lower level of production of IgG against P. gingivalis and therefore more severe periodontitis. PMID: 21906057 Data suggest that rituximab induces apoptosis of malignant B lymphocytes by stimulating FcgammaRIIB receptors and inhibiting Kv1.3 channels. PMID: 22192444 The R allele of the FcgammaRIIa polymorphism is associated with impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilatation and reduced NO activity during endothelial cell stimulation PMID: 21813128

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

To learn more about how to properly dissolve the lyophilized recombinant protein, please visit Lyophilization FAQs.