Recombinant Human Extracellular Calcium-Sensing Receptor (CASR) Protein (His)

Name: Recombinant Human Extracellular Calcium-Sensing Receptor (CASR) Protein (His)
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BLC-06097P
Availability: InStock

Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

Collections: High-quality recombinant proteins, Other recombinant proteins

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Product Overview

Description	Recombinant Human Extracellular Calcium-Sensing Receptor (CASR) Protein (His) is produced by our Yeast expression system. This is a extracellular protein.
Purity	Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
Uniprotkb	P41180
Target Symbol	CASR
Synonyms	Ca sensing receptor; Ca2+ sensing receptor 1; Ca2+ sensing receptor; Calcium sensing receptor; CAR; CaSR; CASR_HUMAN; EIG8; Extracellular calcium sensing receptor; Extracellular calcium sensing receptor [Precursor]; Extracellular calcium-sensing receptor; FHH; FIH; GPRC2A; HHC; HHC1; Hypocalciuric hypercalcemia 1; Hypocalciuric hypercalcemia 1 severe neonatal hyperparathyroidism; MGC138441; NSHPT; Parathyroid Ca(2+) sensing receptor 1; Parathyroid Cell calcium sensing receptor; Parathyroid Cell calcium-sensing receptor; PCAR 1; PCaR1
Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
Expression System	Yeast
Tag	N-6His
Target Protein Sequence	YGPDQRAQKKGDIILGGLFPIHFGVAAKDQDLKSRPESVECIRYNFRGFRWLQAMIFAIEEINSSPALLPNLTLGYRIFDTCNTVSKALEATLSFVAQNKIDSLNLDEFCNCSEHIPSTIAVVGATGSGVSTAVANLLGLFYIPQVSYASSSRLLSNKNQFKSFLRTIPNDEHQATAMADIIEYFRWNWVGTIAADDDYGRPGIEKFREEAEERDICIDFSELISQYSDEEEIQHVVEVIQNSTAKVIVVFSSGPDLEPLIKEIVRRNITGKIWLASEAWASSSLIAMPQYFHVVGGTIGFALKAGQIPGFREFLKKVHPRKSVHNGFAKEFWEETFNCHLQEGAKGPLPVDTFLRGHEESGDRFSNSSTAFRPLCTGDENISSVETPYIDYTHLRISYNVYLAVYSIAHALQDIYTCLPGRGLFTNGSCADIKKVEAWQVLKHLRHLNFTNNMGEQVTFDECGDLVGNYSIINWHLSPEDGSIVFKEVGYYNVYAKKGERLFINEEKILWSGFSREVPFSNCSRDCLAGTRKGIIEGEPTCCFECVECPDGEYSDETDASACNKCPDDFWSNENHTSCIAKEIEFLSWTEPF
Expression Range	20-612aa
Protein Length	Extracellular Domain
Mol. Weight	68.6kDa
Research Area	Metabolism
Form	Liquid or Lyophilized powder
Buffer	Liquid form: default storage buffer is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 5%-50% glycerol. Lyophilized powder form: the buffer before lyophilization is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 6% Trehalose, pH 8.0.
Storage	1. Store at -20°C/-80°C upon receipt, aliquoting is necessary for mutiple use. 2. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. 3. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week. 4. In general, protein in liquid form is stable for up to 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. Protein in lyophilized powder form is stable for up to 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.
Notes	Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week.

Target Details

Target Function	G-protein-coupled receptor that senses changes in the extracellular concentration of calcium ions and plays a key role in maintaining calcium homeostasis. Senses fluctuations in the circulating calcium concentration and modulates the production of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in parathyroid glands. The activity of this receptor is mediated by a G-protein that activates a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. The G-protein-coupled receptor activity is activated by a co-agonist mechanism: aromatic amino acids, such as Trp or Phe, act concertedly with divalent cations, such as calcium or magnesium, to achieve full receptor activation.
Subcellular Location	Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein.
Protein Families	G-protein coupled receptor 3 family
Database References	HGNC: 1514 OMIM: 145980 KEGG: hsa:846 STRING: 9606.ENSP00000420194 UniGene: PMID: 28263480 Based on these findings, ischemia/reperfusion-induced MCPIP1 expression regulates the migration and apoptosis of human vascular endothelial cells via HMGB1 and CaSR, respectively. PMID: 29379093 expressions of p27(Kip1) and CaSR were decreased in primary hyperparathyroidism patients PMID: 29589297 Study presents the novel concept that CaSR activation stimulates autophagy in preadipocytes, which in turn mediates the elevation of TNFalpha production. PMID: 30251678 The identification of the activation of CaSR-mediated protective pathway in renal cells sheds light on a possible cellular protective mechanism against Cd-induced kidney injury. PMID: 29348484 These findings suggest an inhibitory role for CaSR in endometrial cancer. Therefore, reduced CaSR expression may be a suitable explanation and valuable predictor for endometrial cancer progression. PMID: 29348629 We found that subjects carrying the G allele of rs6776158 (AG and GG) had significantly higher risk of nephrolithiasis compared to the AA genotype.Our results indicate that rs6776158 polymorphism that might elevate the risk of nephrolithiasis in the Chinese population. PMID: 30407299 The variant allele of CASR rs1801725 solely and together with the variant allele of rs7652589 increases risk of more advanced secondary hyperparathyroidism. PMID: 29763933 findings confirm the expression of CaSR in human BM-derived MSCs and unravel a prominent role for the interplay between CaSR and PTH1R in regulating MSC fate and the choice of pathway for bone formation. PMID: 29915064 Genetic polymorphism of calcium-sensing receptor is associated with breast cancer. PMID: 29387985 The low prevalence of CaSR autoantibodies indicate a very low level of subclinical parathyroid autoimmunity in APS types 2, 3 and 4. PMID: 28941288 CaSR Arg990Gly polymorphism is associated with the risk of nephrolithiasis development in a Chinese population. PMID: 28609763 TRPC1 is a primary candidate in forming SOCC that stimulates CaSRinduced SOCE and NO production in HUVECs PMID: 28791397 The c.2195A>G, p.(Asn732Ser) mutation in exon 7 of the CaSR gene leads to hypocalcaemia, and has not been reported before in the medical literature. 2) Possibly, this mutation is linked to premature baldness. PMID: 28741586 CASR SNPs may partly explain differences in the clinical manifestations of CKD-MBD between european and African ancestry populations, and in the biochemical response to cinacalcet in many patients. PMID: 28630081 Decreased sensitivity of the CaSR to calcium due to inactivating polymorphisms at rs1801725, may predispose up to 20% of breast cancer cases to high circulating calcium-associated larger and/or aggressive breast tumors. PMID: 28764683 This study shows that the A allele of rs7652589 is a risk allele for nephrolithiasis-related end stage renal disease. The AA genotype is associated with more severe secondary hyperparathyroidism (higher calcium and parathormone concentrations). PMID: 27739473 Polymorphism of the Calcium-Sensing Receptor Gene is associated with Breast Cancer Risk.[review] PMID: 29504802 Data show that Cao2+ via CaR- mediated signaling induces filamin A cleavage and promotes the migration in AR-deficient and highly metastatic prostate cancer cells. PMID: 27206800 GPR64 is expressed on the cell surface of parathyroid cells, is overexpressed in parathyroid tumors, and physically interacts with the CaSR. PMID: 27760455 this study, demonstrates for the first time that calcium exerts an oncogenic action in the stomach through activation of CaSR and TRPV4 channels. Both CaSR and TRPV4 were involved in Ca2+-induced proliferation, migration, and invasion of gastric cancer cells through a Ca2+/AKT/beta-catenin relay, which occurred only in gastric cancer cells or normal cells overexpressing CaSR. PMID: 28951460 mutagenesis with a novel analytical approach and molecular modeling to develop an "enriched" picture of structure-function requirements for interaction between Ca(2+)o and allosteric modulators within the CaSR's 7 transmembrane (7TM) domain, is reported. PMID: 27002221 FLNA is downregulated in parathyroid tumors and parallels the CASR expression levels. Loss of FLNA reduces CASR mRNA and protein expression levels and the CASR-induced ERK phosphorylation. FLNA is involved in receptor expression, membrane localization and ERK signaling activation of both 990R and 990G CASR variants. PMID: 27872158 A father and daughter with asymptomatic chronic hypocalcemia with low parathyroid hormone and inappropriate urinary calcium excretion had a missense mutation in exon 7: c.2621G>T (p.Cys874Phe). PMID: 27663953 These results support the emerging potential of CaSR as a therapeutic target in metastatic breast cancer whose pharmacological modulation would reduce IL-6. PMID: 27477783 These structures reveal multiple binding sites for Ca(2+) and PO4(3-) ions. Both ions are crucial for structural integrity of the receptor. While Ca(2+) ions stabilize the active state, PO4(3-) ions reinforce the inactive conformation. PMID: 27434672 The endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein, OS-9, behaves as a lectin in targeting the immature calcium-sensing receptor. PMID: 28419469 Glucose acts as a positive allosteric modulator of CaSR. PMID: 27613866 These studies indicate that the CaSR activation impairs glucose tolerance by a combination of alpha- and beta-cell defects and also influences pancreatic islet mass. PMID: 28575322 Minor alleles rs7652589 and rs1501899 are associated with reduced CaSR expression in neuroblastic tumors and neuroblastoma cell lines in which the CASR gene promoter P2 is not hypermethylated. PMID: 27862333 Calcium exerted its effects on cartilaginous endplates matrix protein synthesis through activation of the extracellular calcium-sensing receptor. PMID: 27452962 Polymorphic variations in VDR and CASR may be associated with survival after a diagnosis of colorectal neoplasms. PMID: 28765616 CaSR and AP2S1 sequencing is worthwhile in patients with familial hyperparathyroidism and phenotype suggesting familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia as it can diagnose up to 50% of cases. PMID: 28176280 reduced expression of the CaSR is correlated with activation of the renin-angiotensin system, which induces increased vascular remodeling and vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, and thereby associated with essential hypertension in the SHR rat model and in the Han Chinese population PMID: 27391973 CaSR exerts a suppressive function in pancreatic tumorigenesis through a novel NCX1/Ca(2+)/beta-catenin signaling pathway. PMID: 27108064 In whites, CaSR gene SNP rs1801725 was associated with serum calcium but not with risk of diabetes. PMID: 27510541 Tumor CaSR expression is associated with an increased risk of lethal prostate cancer, particularly in tumors with low VDR expression. PMID: 27115058 Functional interaction of upregulated CaSR and upregulated TRPC6 in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells from idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension patients may play an important role in the development and progression of sustained pulmonary vasoconstriction and pulmonary vascular remodeling. PMID: 26968768 This is a prospective observational study that measures the expression of vitamin D (VD) metabolising and signalling molecules and Ca(2+) sensing receptor (CaSR) in human Fallopian tube (FT) during the menstrual cycle and ectopic pregnancy (EP). PMID: 27770255 CaSR expression was shown in HepG2 cells and human liver samples; CaSR may contribute to obesity-associated hepatic metabolic consequences PMID: 27565442 Polymorphisms of CASR gene increase the risk of primary hyperparathyroidism. PMID: 26710757 Calcium oxalate-induced renal injury is related to CaSR-mediated oxidative stress and increased mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling, which subsequently leads to CaOx crystal adhesion. PMID: 27965733 The detection of CaSR gene mutations is suitable to differentiate states of hypercalcemia and may help to avoid invasive procedures such as parathyroidectomies. PMID: 27926951 a novel loss-of-function mutation, G571W, in the CaSR gene in a Korean family with familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia. PMID: 26386835 There is a significant correlation between in vitro functional impairment of the CaSR at physiologic calcium concentrations and the severity of alterations in calcium homeostasis in patients. PMID: 27666534 Calcium sensing receptor gene rs1801725 variants are not associated with susceptibility to colorectal cancer. PMID: 25124570 physiological fetal hypercalcemia, acting on the CaSR, promotes human fetal lung development via cAMP-dependent opening of CFTR. PMID: 26911344 CaSR and PTH1R signaling responses in cartilage and bone. [review] PMID: 26688334 The calcium-sensing receptor may be involved in the modulation of inflammatory processes. [review] PMID: 26303192 A986S polymorphism of CaSR is an independent predictor of PTH level in normocalcemic hyperparathyroidism patients, but not in asymptomatic hyperparathyroidism. PMID: 26332755

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

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