Recombinant Human Dna Fragmentation Factor Subunit Alpha (DFFA) Protein (GST)

Name: Recombinant Human Dna Fragmentation Factor Subunit Alpha (DFFA) Protein (GST)
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BLC-09159P
Availability: InStock

Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

Collections: All products, High-quality recombinant proteins, Other recombinant proteins

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Product Overview

Description	Recombinant Human Dna Fragmentation Factor Subunit Alpha (DFFA) Protein (GST) is produced by our E.coli expression system. This is a full length protein.
Purity	Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
Uniprotkb	O00273
Target Symbol	DFFA
Synonyms	A330085O09Rik; Caspase activated deoxyribonuclease inhibitor short form; DFF 1; DFF 45; DFF alpha; DFF-45; DFF1; DFF35; DFF45; DFFA; Dffa DNA fragmentation factor, alpha subunit ; DFFA_HUMAN; DNA fragmentation factor 45 kDa subunit; DNA Fragmentation Factor Alpha Subunit; DNA fragmentation factor subunit alpha; DNA fragmentation factor, 45 kD, alpha subunit ; DNA fragmentation factor, 45kDa, alpha polypeptide (DFFA), transcript variant 1; DNA fragmentation factor, 45kDa, alpha polypeptide; DNA fragmentation factor, alpha subunit; DNAation factor 45 kDa subunit; H13; ICAD; ICAD L; ICAD S; Inhibitor of CAD; Inhibitor of Caspase Activated DNase; MGC143066; OTTHUMP00000001903 ; OTTHUMP00000001904 ; RP23 121D17.3
Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
Expression System	E.coli
Tag	N-GST
Target Protein Sequence	MEVTGDAGVPESGEIRTLKPCLLRRNYSREQHGVAASCLEDLRSKACDILAIDKSLTPVTLVLAEDGTIVDDDDYFLCLPSNTKFVALASNEKWAYNNSDGGTAWISQESFDVDETDSGAGLKWKNVARQLKEDLSSIILLSEEDLQMLVDAPCSDLAQELRQSCATVQRLQHTLQQVLDQREEVRQSKQLLQLYLQALEKEGSLLSKQEESKAAFGEEVDAVDTGISRETSSDVALASHILTALREKQAPELSLSSQDLELVTKEDPKALAVALNWDIKKTETVQEACEWELALRLQQTQSLHSLRSISASKASPPGDLQNPKRARQDPT
Expression Range	1-331aa
Protein Length	Full Length of BC007721
Mol. Weight	63.6kDa
Research Area	Cell Biology
Form	Liquid or Lyophilized powder
Buffer	Liquid form: default storage buffer is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 5%-50% glycerol. Lyophilized powder form: the buffer before lyophilization is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 6% Trehalose, pH 8.0.
Reconstitution	Briefly centrifuged the vial prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Reconstitute protein in deionized sterile water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL. It is recommended to add 5-50% of glycerol (final concentration) and aliquot for long-term storage at -20°C/-80°C. The default final concentration of glycerol is 50%.
Storage	1. Store at -20°C/-80°C upon receipt, aliquoting is necessary for mutiple use. 2. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. 3. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week. 4. In general, protein in liquid form is stable for up to 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. Protein in lyophilized powder form is stable for up to 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.
Notes	Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week.

Target Details

Target Function	Inhibitor of the caspase-activated DNase (DFF40).
Subcellular Location	Cytoplasm.
Database References	HGNC: 2772 OMIM: 601882 KEGG: hsa:1676 STRING: 9606.ENSP00000366237 UniGene: PMID: 28914671 evaluate the relative expression levels of miR-196a2 and three of its selected apoptosis-related targets; ANXA1, DFFA and PDCD4 in a sample of GI cancer patients PMID: 29091952 Data show that the caspase-activated DNase (CAD) is activated when caspases cleave its endogenous inhibitor ICAD, resulting in the characteristic DNA laddering of apoptosis. PMID: 26106156 Data suggest that DFF45 gene silencing, when applied in combination with doxorubicin, may offer a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of breast cancer. PMID: 24277473 ICAD deficiency was associated with severe genomic instability. PMID: 23451280 mRNA splicing is actively driven toward the pro-apoptotic isoforms of Bim, Bcl-x, and ICAD in Pnn-depleted MCF-7 cells. PMID: 22454513 The DFF45 level in human endometrium corresponds to the respective phase of the menstrual cycle and decreases significantly after menopause. PMID: 22378161 study reveals a previously unrecognized function of miR-145 in DFF45 processing, which may underlie crucial aspects of cancer biology PMID: 20687965 The heterodimer, DFF40-DFF45, is localized to the chromatin fraction under apoptotic as well as non-apoptotic conditions. PMID: 19882353 DFF45 at chromosome 1 reveal rare allelic variants in neuroblastoma tumors PMID: 11870543 NMR solution structure of the C-terminal domain of DFF45, which is essential for its chaperone-like activity PMID: 12144788 Hypoxia-induced cleavage of caspase-3 and DFF45/ICAD in human failed cardiomyocytes. PMID: 12181128 subunit structures and stoichiometries in human cells before and after induction of apoptosis PMID: 12748178 Hepatitis C virus core protein increases a steady-state level of ICAD protein, possibly through enhancing its promoter activity PMID: 14675622 apoptotic DNA fragmentation factor is required for the maintenance of genetic stability and may play a role in tumor suppression PMID: 16432220 plays an important and P53-independent role in maintaining chromosome stability and suppressing tumor development PMID: 16619042 demonstrate the cellular mechanisms of neuronal cell degeneration induced via c-Jun-N-terminal kinases and caspase-dependent signaling PMID: 17645689 C-terminal region of each subunit, DFF40 (RLKRK) and DFF45 (KRAR), is essential for nuclear accumulation of the DFF complex. PMID: 17938174 Interestingly, nuclear DNA fragmentation occurred and consistently DNA fragmentation factor (DFF45)/Inhibitor of caspase-activated DNase (ICAD) was cleaved inside the cell as well as in vitro, suggesting a role of caspase-2 in nuclear DNA fragmentation. PMID: 17945178 The highest level of DFF45 endometrial expression was found during the early secretory cycle phase, and significantly lower DFF45 expression was found in the endometrium during the mid-secretory as compared to the early secretory cycle phase. PMID: 18292826 identified a TATA-less region upstream of the transcription start site as a basal promoter of the ICAD gene. An E-Box motif, which binds transcription factors of the basic helix-loop-helix/leucine zipper family, is responsible for transcriptional activity PMID: 18500556 MPP(+) did not change the total levels of c-Jun but enhanced phosphorylation of c-Jun at Ser73 and cleavage of DNA fragmentation factor 45, which were diminished by selegiline. PMID: 18805449 A decreased level of DFF45 observed in ovarian endometriosis may be a part of an apoptosis-resistant mechanism enhancing the disease progression. PMID: 19535198

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

To learn more about how to properly dissolve the lyophilized recombinant protein, please visit Lyophilization FAQs.