Recombinant Human Dickkopf-Related Protein 2 (DKK2) Protein (His-SUMO)

Name: Recombinant Human Dickkopf-Related Protein 2 (DKK2) Protein (His-SUMO)
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BLC-04463P
Availability: InStock

Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

Collections: All products, High-quality recombinant proteins, Other recombinant proteins

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Product Overview

Description	Recombinant Human Dickkopf-Related Protein 2 (DKK2) Protein (His-SUMO) is produced by our E.coli expression system. This is a full length protein.
Purity	Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
Uniprotkb	Q9UBU2
Target Symbol	DKK2
Synonyms	Dickkopf 2; Dickkopf gene 2 ; Dickkopf homolog 2 ; Dickkopf related protein 2; Dickkopf WNT signaling pathway inhibitor 2; Dickkopf-2; Dickkopf-related protein 2; Dickkopf2; DKK 2; Dkk-2; Dkk2; DKK2_HUMAN; hDkk 2; hDkk-2; hDkk2
Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
Expression System	E.coli
Tag	N-6His-SUMO
Target Protein Sequence	KLNSIKSSLGGETPGQAANRSAGMYQGLAFGGSKKGKNLGQAYPCSSDKECEVGRYCHSPHQGSSACMVCRRKKKRCHRDGMCCPSTRCNNGICIPVTESILTPHIPALDGTRHRDRNHGHYSNHDLGWQNLGRPHTKMSHIKGHEGDPCLRSSDCIEGFCCARHFWTKICKPVLHQGEVCTKQRKKGSHGLEIFQRCDCAKGLSCKVWKDATYSSKARLHVCQKI
Expression Range	34-259aa
Protein Length	Full Length of Mature Protein
Mol. Weight	41.0kDa
Research Area	Signal Transduction
Form	Liquid or Lyophilized powder
Buffer	Liquid form: default storage buffer is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 5%-50% glycerol. Lyophilized powder form: the buffer before lyophilization is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 6% Trehalose, pH 8.0.
Reconstitution	Briefly centrifuged the vial prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Reconstitute protein in deionized sterile water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL. It is recommended to add 5-50% of glycerol (final concentration) and aliquot for long-term storage at -20°C/-80°C. The default final concentration of glycerol is 50%.
Storage	1. Store at -20°C/-80°C upon receipt, aliquoting is necessary for mutiple use. 2. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. 3. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week. 4. In general, protein in liquid form is stable for up to 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. Protein in lyophilized powder form is stable for up to 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.
Notes	Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week.

Target Details

Target Function	Antagonizes canonical Wnt signaling by inhibiting LRP5/6 interaction with Wnt and by forming a ternary complex with the transmembrane protein KREMEN that promotes internalization of LRP5/6. DKKs play an important role in vertebrate development, where they locally inhibit Wnt regulated processes such as antero-posterior axial patterning, limb development, somitogenesis and eye formation. In the adult, Dkks are implicated in bone formation and bone disease, cancer and Alzheimer disease.
Subcellular Location	Secreted.
Protein Families	Dickkopf family
Database References	HGNC: 2892 OMIM: 605415 KEGG: hsa:27123 STRING: 9606.ENSP00000285311 UniGene: PMID: 28467796 Knock down of the dickkopf WNT signaling pathway inhibitor 2 (DKK2) resulted in a significant suppression of HOXD10, HOXD11 and HOXD13 while over-expression of DKK2 and stimulation with factors of the WNT signaling pathway. PMID: 27363011 epigenetic silencing of Wnt antagonists was associated with gastric carcinogenesis, and concurrent hypermethylation of SFRP2 and DKK2 could be a potential marker for a prognosis of poor overall survival. PMID: 28152305 the genotyping and functional findings are consistent with the hypothesis that DKK2 is a tumor suppressor; by selectively retaining a transcriptionally inactive DKK2 allele, the reduction of DKK2 function results in unchecked Wnt/beta-catenin signaling, contributing to hepatocellular carcinoma oncogenesis. PMID: 27203079 The present report suggested that DKK2 downregulation suppressed the proliferation and invasion of prostate cancer cells by inhibiting the Wnt/betacatenin signaling pathway. PMID: 27431620 these findings reveal that the miR-187-5p-DKK2 pathway regulates Wnt/beta-catenin signaling, cell growth, and apoptosis. Our findings provide the first evidence of a role for miR-187-5p in promotion of B-cell ALL. PMID: 27296949 Genetic variant in DKK2 gene is associated with gallbladder cancer. PMID: 26715268 targeting of DKK2 by miR-154 leads to upregulation of beta-catenin expression and activation of the classical Wnt signaling pathway and cardiac fibroblasts. PMID: 27542661 MiR-21 overexpression was significantly correlated with the DKK2-/beta-catenin- immunohistochemical phenotype. PMID: 23999978 Data indicate that inhibiting dickkopf-related protein 2 (DKK2)with siDKK2 reduced the expression of DKK2, but had no effect on leptin expression. PMID: 25312721 We found 1 DKK2 SNP to be significantly associated with alcohol-related harm in alcoholic subjects PMID: 24117450 a new regulatory mechanism of miR-222 PMID: 23587485 Our results provide strong evidence that DKK2 is a key player in Ewing sarcoma invasion and osteolysis and also in the differential phenotype of Ewing sarcoma cells. PMID: 23204234 DKK2 may contribute to tumorigenesis in epithelial ovarian cancer(EOC) through the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling mechanisms. PMID: 22964660 Elevated TGF-beta1 levels in osteoarthritic osteoblasts can stimulate DKK2 expression. PMID: 21312269 In the study of the genetics of alcoholism, three SNPs in DKK2 (rs427983; rs419558; rs399087) demonstrated empirical significance. PMID: 20332099 DKK2 is epigenetically silenced by methylation in higher grades and stages of renal cell carcinoma; results suggest that DKK2 inhibits renal cancer progression through apoptotic and cell cycle pathways PMID: 19755393 Analysis of individual Dkk domains and chimeric Dkks shows that the carboxy-terminal domains of both Dkk1 & 2 associate with LRP6 and are necessary and sufficient for Wnt8 inhibition. PMID: 12167704 analysis of the structural basis of the interaction between Dkk and low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP) 5/6 PMID: 18524778

FAQs

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

To learn more about how to properly dissolve the lyophilized recombinant protein, please visit Lyophilization FAQs.