Recombinant Human Diamine Acetyltransferase 1 (SAT1) Protein (GST)

Name: Recombinant Human Diamine Acetyltransferase 1 (SAT1) Protein (GST)
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BLC-08479P
Availability: InStock

Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

Collections: All products, High-quality recombinant proteins, Other recombinant proteins

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Product Overview

Description	Recombinant Human Diamine Acetyltransferase 1 (SAT1) Protein (GST) is produced by our E.coli expression system. This is a full length protein.
Purity	Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
Uniprotkb	P21673
Target Symbol	SAT1
Synonyms	DC21; Diamine acetyltransferase 1; Diamine N acetyltransferase 1; EC 2.3.1.57; KFSD; KFSDX; Polyamine N acetyltransferase 1; Polyamine N-acetyltransferase 1; Putrescine acetyltransferase; SAT; SAT1; SAT1_HUMAN; Spermidine/spermine N(1) acetyltransferase 1; Spermidine/spermine N(1)-acetyltransferase 1; Spermidine/spermine N1 acetyltransferase 1; Spermidine/spermine N1 acetyltransferase alpha; SSAT 1; SSAT; SSAT-1
Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
Expression System	E.coli
Tag	N-GST
Target Protein Sequence	VIRPATAADCSDILRLIKELAKYEYMEEQVILTEKDLLEDGFGEHPFYHCLVAEVPKEHWTPEGHSIVGFAMYYFTYDPWIGKLLYLEDFFVMSDYRGFGIGSEILKNLSQVAMRCRCSSMHFLVAEWNEPSINFYKRRGASDLSSEEGWRLFKIDKEYLLKMATEE
Expression Range	5-171aa
Protein Length	Full Length of Mature Protein
Mol. Weight	46.5kDa
Research Area	Metabolism
Form	Liquid or Lyophilized powder
Buffer	Liquid form: default storage buffer is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 5%-50% glycerol. Lyophilized powder form: the buffer before lyophilization is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 6% Trehalose, pH 8.0.
Reconstitution	Briefly centrifuged the vial prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Reconstitute protein in deionized sterile water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL. It is recommended to add 5-50% of glycerol (final concentration) and aliquot for long-term storage at -20°C/-80°C. The default final concentration of glycerol is 50%.
Storage	1. Store at -20°C/-80°C upon receipt, aliquoting is necessary for mutiple use. 2. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. 3. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week. 4. In general, protein in liquid form is stable for up to 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. Protein in lyophilized powder form is stable for up to 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.
Notes	Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week.

Target Details

Target Function	Enzyme which catalyzes the acetylation of polyamines. Substrate specificity: norspermidine = spermidine >> spermine > N(1)-acetylspermine > putrescine. This highly regulated enzyme allows a fine attenuation of the intracellular concentration of polyamines. Also involved in the regulation of polyamine transport out of cells. Acts on 1,3-diaminopropane, 1,5-diaminopentane, putrescine, spermidine (forming N(1)- and N(8)-acetylspermidine), spermine, N(1)-acetylspermidine and N(8)-acetylspermidine.
Subcellular Location	Cytoplasm, cytosol.
Protein Families	Acetyltransferase family
Database References	HGNC: 10540 OMIM: 308800 KEGG: hsa:6303 STRING: 9606.ENSP00000368572 UniGene: PMID: 27698118 our results indicated depletion of polyamines by SSAT signi fi cantly inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion through AKT/GSK3beta/beta-catenin signaling pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma and colorectal cancer cells. PMID: 27901475 Extracellular polyamines induced proliferation and cancer cell migration by inducing ODC and SSAT expression, and the Akt1-mediated pathway. PMID: 28157137 we used siRNA on SSAT and compared the SSAT level in knockdown and normal cells. Results showed that the monoclonal antibody specifically recognized SSAT. PMID: 27328064 4H6 was also compared with the commercial antibody. The produced mAbs will be a useful tool for further investigation of SSAT functions in organisms. PMID: 27228136 Results show low SAT1 brain expression in depressed suicides and implicate low SAT1 brain expression in major depression independent of suicide PMID: 25959060 Data suggest that SAT1 plays role in apoptosis; overexpression of SAT1 in human embryonic kidney cell line leads to a rapid depletion of spermidine and spermine, arrest in cell growth, and mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. PMID: 25849284 Analysis shows a significant direct correlation between SSAT expression in Prostatic Cancer tissues and disease progression. PMID: 25893668 Enhanced SSAT expression by proximal tubule epithelial cells leads to tubular damage, and its deficiency reduces the severity of renal I/R injury through reduction of cellular damage and modulation of the innate immune response PMID: 25390069 A role for SAT1 in homologous recombination. PMID: 25277523 The Catabolic enzyme SSAT expression levels was up-regulated in both cell lines; however, the specific SSAT siRNA treatments prevented the EBR-induced apoptosis only in LNCaP (AR+) cells. PMID: 23963538 In females, the TC genotype was significantly more frequent in alcohol-dependent patients than in non-alcohol-dependent psychiatric controls. No differences were found among the males. PMID: 24735382 study postulates a mechanism for SAT1 and SMOX down-regulation by post-transcriptional activity of miRNAs. PMID: 24025154 SAT1 transcription is influenced by lithium and this effect is altered in bipolar disease patients who completed suicide. PMID: 23768751 berberine inhibits cellular growth by affecting polyamine metabolism, in particular through the upregulation of the key catabolic enzyme, spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase (SSAT). PMID: 23903781 EBV-positive Akata cells demonstrated decreased SAT1 enzyme activity concomitant with altered intracellular polyamine level. PMID: 23891576 SSAT translational control mechanisms PMID: 22354986 SSAT induction plays a role in cell detachment and apoptosis of glioblastoma cells by N1,N11-diethylnorspermine treatment. PMID: 22179681 The results of this study indicated that epigenetic factors in the promoter region of SAT1 influence gene expression levels, and may provide a mechanism for both our previous findings of haplotype-specific effects of promoter variations on SAT1 expression PMID: 21501848 Studies indicate that each of the 4 genes was associated with at least one main outcome: anxiety (SAT1, SMS), mood disorders (SAT1, SMOX), and suicide attempts (SAT1, OATL1). PMID: 21152090 SSAT1 may regulate exogenous gene expression by blocking steps involved in transcription/translation from an episomal vector by targeting non-polyamine substrate(s) critical for this pathway PMID: 20212040 These results add support for a role of SAT1 in conferring a risk for suicide completion, in particular in the context of depressive disorders. PMID: 19851986 Knockdown studies suggest that induction of SSAT and SMO is correlated with the antiproliferative effects of BENSpm with 5-FU or paclitaxel in MDA-MB-231 cells. PMID: 19727732 Induction of alternatively spliced spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase mRNA in the human kidney cells infected by venezuelan equine encephalitis and tick-borne encephalitis viruses PMID: 12083816 overexpression of SSAT and the consequent putrescine accumulation are involved in the keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans phenotype PMID: 12215835 characterization of promoter function in Hela cells by study of a factor, bound to the responsive element, that underwent modification by binding with another factor after X-ray irradiation PMID: 12427553 genomic identification and biochemical characterization of an isoenzyme PMID: 12803540 SSAT has a role in apoptosis induced by sulindac sulfone, which leads to reduced tissue polyamine contents in human colon cancer cells PMID: 14506281 Transgenic SSAT-overexpressing mice are less active than syngeneic mice and show reduced aggressive behavior; furthermore, SSAT-OE mice have reduced muscle tone and grip strength, although they do not differ from syngeneic mice in several agility tasks. PMID: 15159132 SSAT has a role in kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury PMID: 15213272 spermidine acetyltransferase directly binds to the alpha9 cytoplasmic domain and mediates alpha9-dependent enhancement of cell migration PMID: 15479742 Restoring high inducibility of SSAT activity subverts the reduced sensitivity to cisplatin of SSAT-deficient ovarian cancer cells. PMID: 15905201 SSAT and SMO(PAOh1) activities are the major mediators of the cellular response of breast tumor cells to polyamines while PAO plays little or no role in this response PMID: 16207710 Activation of SSAT by aspirin and different NSAIDs may be a common property of NSAIDs that plays an important role in their chemopreventive actions in colorectal cancer. PMID: 16262603 tertiary structure of hSSAT reported in this article provides a sound basis for the in-depth study of its structure-function relationship PMID: 16544326 The inhibition of IkappaB and activation of NFkappaB activate SSAT. PMID: 16637064 a common mediator of inflammation can lead to the induction of SSAT expression by activating the NFkappaB signaling pathway in non-small cell lung cancer cells PMID: 16757480 These results indicate that the disruption of polyamine homeostasis due to enhanced SSAT activity leads to DNA damage and reduced cell proliferation via activation of DNA repair and cell cycle checkpoint and disruption of Raf --> MEK --> ERK pathways. PMID: 17065202 The structure of the SSAT-spermine-acetyl-coenzyme A complex suggested that Tyr140 acts as general acid and Glu92, through one or more water molecules, acts as the general base during catalysis. PMID: 17516632 SSAT1, which shares 46% amino acid identity with SSAT2, also binds to HIF-1alpha and promotes its ubiquitination/degradation. However, in contrast to SSAT2, SSAT1 acts by stabilizing the interaction of HIF-1alpha with RACK1 PMID: 17875644 Adenovirus-mediated expression of SSAT inhibits colorectal cancer cell growth in vitro. PMID: 18430370 interaction between SLC3A2 and SAT1 suggests that these proteins may facilitate excretion of acetylated polyamines. PMID: 18660501 This is the first study linking polymorphic variants of genes involved in polyamine metabolism with anxiety disorders. PMID: 18759322 Our study provides new results which show that dysregulation of SSAT expression does play a role in suicide behavior. PMID: 19051286 Downregulation of SAT1 expression may play a role in depression and suicidality. PMID: 19152344 We failed to demonstrate a significant association between the SAT-1 single nucleotide polymorphism and schizophrenia PMID: 19162121 results indicate that specific promoter variants in SAT1 have an effect on SAT1 gene expression. PMID: 19446796 Adenovirus vector-mediated upregulation of spermidine /spermine N1-acetyltransferase impairs human gastric cancer growth in vitro and in vivo. PMID: 19686286

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

To learn more about how to properly dissolve the lyophilized recombinant protein, please visit Lyophilization FAQs.