Recombinant Human Diablo Homolog, Mitochondrial (DIABLO) Protein (GST)

Beta LifeScience SKU/CAT #: BLC-04841P
Greater than 85% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
Greater than 85% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

Recombinant Human Diablo Homolog, Mitochondrial (DIABLO) Protein (GST)

Beta LifeScience SKU/CAT #: BLC-04841P
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Product Overview

Description Recombinant Human Diablo Homolog, Mitochondrial (DIABLO) Protein (GST) is produced by our E.coli expression system. This is a full length protein.
Purity Greater than 85% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
Uniprotkb Q9NR28
Target Symbol DIABLO
Synonyms 0610041G12Rik; DBLOH_HUMAN; DBOH; DFNA64; diablo; Diablo homolog (Drosophila); Diablo homolog; Diablo homolog mitochondrial ; Diablo IAP binding mitochondrial protein; Diablo like protein; DIABLO S; Direct IAP binding protein with low pI ; Direct IAP-binding protein with low pI; FLJ10537; FLJ25049; mitochondrial; Mitochondrial Smac protein ; Second mitochondria derived activator of caspase ; Second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase; second mitochondrial activator of caspases; SMAC 3; Smac; Smac protein; SMAC3
Species Homo sapiens (Human)
Expression System E.coli
Tag N-GST
Target Protein Sequence AVPIAQKSEPHSLSSEALMRRAVSLVTDSTSTFLSQTTYALIEAITEYTKAVYTLTSLYRQYTSLLGKMNSEEEDEVWQVIIGARAEMTSKHQEYLKLETTWMTAVGLSEMAAEAAYQTGADQASITARNHIQLVKLQVEEVHQLSRKAETKLAEAQIEELRQKTQEEGEERAESEQEAYLRED
Expression Range 56-239aa
Protein Length Full Length of Mature Protein
Mol. Weight 47.4 kDa
Research Area Cancer
Form Liquid or Lyophilized powder
Buffer Liquid form: default storage buffer is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 5%-50% glycerol. Lyophilized powder form: the buffer before lyophilization is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 6% Trehalose, pH 8.0.
Storage 1. Store at -20°C/-80°C upon receipt, aliquoting is necessary for mutiple use. 2. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. 3. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week. 4. In general, protein in liquid form is stable for up to 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. Protein in lyophilized powder form is stable for up to 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.
Notes Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week.

Target Details

Target Function Promotes apoptosis by activating caspases in the cytochrome c/Apaf-1/caspase-9 pathway. Acts by opposing the inhibitory activity of inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAP). Inhibits the activity of BIRC6/bruce by inhibiting its binding to caspases. Isoform 3 attenuates the stability and apoptosis-inhibiting activity of XIAP/BIRC4 by promoting XIAP/BIRC4 ubiquitination and degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Isoform 3 also disrupts XIAP/BIRC4 interacting with processed caspase-9 and promotes caspase-3 activation. Isoform 1 is defective in the capacity to down-regulate the XIAP/BIRC4 abundance.
Subcellular Location Mitochondrion. Note=Released into the cytosol when cells undergo apoptosis.
Database References
Associated Diseases Deafness, autosomal dominant, 64 (DFNA64)
Tissue Specificity Ubiquitously expressed with highest expression in testis. Expression is also high in heart, liver, kidney, spleen, prostate and ovary. Low in brain, lung, thymus and peripheral blood leukocytes. Isoform 3 is ubiquitously expressed.

Gene Functions References

  1. Mechanistic studies showed that Smac can inhibit the expression of Survivin, promote cell apoptosis of drug-resistant ovarian cancer cells and reverse the drug resistance. PMID: 29562492
  2. Serum Smac expression level was significantly lower in the EAOC group than in the control group and benign ovarian tumor group (P< 0.05), while HE4 and CA125 expression levels were significantly higher in the EAOC group than the other two groups. PMID: 29226858
  3. SMAC expression in locally advanced breast cancer is a novel favourable prognostic factor in LABC for pathological complete remission and disease-free survival. PMID: 29895124
  4. administration of SMAC or BH3 mimetics following short-term paclitaxel treatment could be an effective therapeutic strategy for TNBC, while only BH3-mimetics could effectively overcome long-term paclitaxel resistance. PMID: 28187446
  5. Antagonism strategies to modulate the actions of XIAP, cIAP1/2 and survivin are the central focus of current research and this review highlights advances within this field with particular emphasis upon the development and specificity of second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase (SMAC) mimetics (synthetic analogs of endogenously expressed inhibitors of IAPs SMAC/DIABLO). PMID: 28424988
  6. analysis of Smac-mediated apoptosis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells PMID: 27223062
  7. Data show that oncolytic viruses (OV) and second mitochondrial activator of caspase (Smac)-mimetic compounds (SMC) synergistically kill cancer cells directly. PMID: 28839138
  8. Expressions of SDF-1, survivin and smac were significantly higher in epithelial ovarian cancer tissue than those in normal tissue. PMID: 28852723
  9. Results indicate that Smac plays an important role in reticulum stress-induced apoptosis in human lens epithelial cells, suggesting its close association with cataract development. PMID: 28682901
  10. Smac mimetic APG-1387 exerts a potent antitumor effect on nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells by inducing apoptosis. PMID: 27424523
  11. Study found a negative correlation between Smac and XIAP at the level of protein but not mRNA in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) patients. Overexpressed XIAP could degrade through ubiquitination, the mature Smac inhibiting NSCLC apoptosis. PMID: 27498621
  12. Report role of RIP1 in Smac mimetic mediated chemosensitization of neuroblastoma cells. PMID: 26575016
  13. This review discusses the promise as well as some challenges at the translational interface of exploiting Smac mimetics as cancer therapeutics. PMID: 26567362
  14. Data indicate that Smac/DIABLO showed an inverse correlation with inhibitor of apoptosis proteins XIAP, cIAP-1 and cIAP-2. PMID: 25549803
  15. Data show that mitochondrial X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) entry requires apoptosis regulatory proteins Bax or Bak through mitochondrial permeabilization and Smac/DIABLO protein degradation. PMID: 26134559
  16. SapC-DOPS acts through a mitochondria-mediated pathway accompanied by an early release of Smac and Bax. PMID: 25889084
  17. this is the first demonstration that a dual approach using simultaneous overexpression of a cell penetrable form of Smac and TRAIL sensitize and promote apoptotic process even in resistant breast cancer cells. PMID: 25586349
  18. Preoperative measurement of serum VEGF, survivin, and Smac/DIABLO may be of help in early detection of serous ovarian cancer and may provide important information about the patient's outcome and prognosis. PMID: 25577253
  19. Smac-DIABLO adopts a tetrameric assembly in solution. PMID: 25650938
  20. IRF1 is a dual regulator of BV6-induced apoptosis and inflammatory cytokine secretion. PMID: 25501823
  21. CLIC4, ERp29, and Smac/DIABLO integrated into a novel panel based on cancer stem-like cells in association with metastasis stratify the prognostic risks of colorectal cancer. PMID: 24916695
  22. Within mitochondria, XIAP selectively signals lysosome- and proteasome-associated degradation of its inhibitor Smac. PMID: 25080938
  23. Describe a new alternatively spliced isoform of Smac which promotes thr formation of mammospheres. PMID: 25337193
  24. The phosphorylation of Smac at the Nterminal serine 6 residue is functionally linked to Smac release during TNFalphainduced apoptosis. PMID: 25310587
  25. XIAP, cIAP1, and cIAP2, members of inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) proteins, are critical regulators of cell death and survival; the SMAC/DIABLO protein is an endogenous antagonist of XIAP, cIAP1, and cIAP2 PMID: 24841289
  26. It represents a powerful way to enhance the destruction of cancer cells and increase the efficiency and duration of gene expression required for apoptosis. PMID: 24771354
  27. Over-expression of cellular Smac can inhibit inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs), enhance caspases activity and the apoptosis rate of PC-3 cells induced by TRAIL, which may provide a useful experimental basis for prostate cancer therapy. PMID: 22528226
  28. The present study indicated the significance of Smac and survivin in determining the breast cancer response to anthracyclinebased chemotherapy, and may permit further stratifying of prechemotherapy patients to undertake more tailored treatments. PMID: 24317109
  29. Smac/DIABLO decreases the proliferation and increases the apoptosis of hypertrophic scar fibroblasts. PMID: 23857156
  30. Results show that Smac mimetics exerts an antitumor effect on nasopharyngeal carcinoma cancer stem cells. PMID: 23699656
  31. We report that an Smac-mimetic selectively induces TNF-alpha-dependent cystic renal epithelial cell death, leading to the removal of cystic epithelial cells from renal tissues and delaying cyst formation. PMID: 23990677
  32. The activin A signals via SMAD proteins, but not TAK1 or p38, to regulate murine and ovine Fshb transcription in gonadotrope-like cells. PMID: 22549017
  33. Results demonstrate an essential and apoptosis-independent function of SMAC in tumor suppression and provide new insights into the biology and targeting of colon cancer. PMID: 22751125
  34. Overexpression of Smac promotes Cisplatin-induced apoptosis by activating caspase-3 and caspase-9 in lung cancer. PMID: 23252748
  35. Expressions of SMAC/DIABLO and survivin were significantly reciprocal in breast cancer and benign tumor tissues. PMID: 22161156
  36. Identification of a novel anti-apoptotic E3 ubiquitin ligase that ubiquitinates antagonists of inhibitor of apoptosis proteins SMAC, HtrA2, and ARTS. PMID: 23479728
  37. Smac, XIAP, caspase 3 might be associated with the growth and carcinogenesis of nonnasal inverted papilloma. PMID: 23156805
  38. Higher expression of Smac and Ki-67 appear to play a role in the pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer. Combined detection of these proteins may improve the prognostic evaluation of this disease. PMID: 22534537
  39. differential redistribution of cyt c and Smac occurs under various conditions PMID: 22848756
  40. these data suggest a new mechanism by which NOXA chemosensitized ovarian cancer cells to cisplatin by inducing alterations in the Bax/Smac axis. PMID: 22590594
  41. Overall, the findings suggest that measuring the levels of Smac/DIABLO in the serum may be considered a prognostic parameter in patients with bladder cancer. PMID: 22218530
  42. Data show that the apoptosis rate of Eca109/Smac was significantly increased with the concentration of cispaltin increased. PMID: 22482401
  43. The over-expression of PTEN gene may inhibit the proliferation of K562 cells and promote cell apoptosis via the regulation of Survivin, Xiap and Smac genes. PMID: 22333553
  44. Data show that Smac mimetic- and TNFalpha-mediated cell death occurs without characteristic features of apoptosis (i.e., caspase activation, DNA fragmentation) in FADD-deficient cells. PMID: 22028622
  45. Data suggest that downregulation of Smac may be a chemoresistance mechanism in ESCC. PMID: 21676925
  46. Results establish a critical role of Smac in mediating therapeutic responses of HNSCC cells and provide a strong rationale for combining Smac mimetics with other anticancer agents to treat HNSCC. PMID: 21242120
  47. Low Smac expression is associated with breast cancer. PMID: 21744997
  48. DFNA64 genotype is the human genetic disorder associated with DIABLO malfunction and suggests that mutant DIABLO(S71L) might cause mitochondrial dysfunction. PMID: 21722859
  49. Patients with positive smac/DIABLO tumors had a longer disease-specific survival when compared with those with negative tumors in the 10-year follow-up. PMID: 21478115
  50. The dimerization of Smac is critical for the XIAP-mediated retention of Smac at or inside the mitochondria. PMID: 21354220

FAQs

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

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