Recombinant Human DEFB1 Protein

Name: Recombinant Human DEFB1 Protein
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BL-2713NP
Availability: InStock

BL-2713NP: Greater than 95% as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE. (QC verified)

Collections: All products, High-quality recombinant proteins

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Product Overview

Description	Recombinant Human Beta-Defensin 1 is produced by our E.coli expression system and the target gene encoding Gly22-Lys68 is expressed.
Accession	P60022
Synonym	Beta-Defensin 1; BD-1; hBD-1; Defensin Beta 1; DEFB1; BD1; HBD1
Gene Background	β-Defensin 1 (DEFB1) is a member of the β-defensin family, which is highly expressed by epithelial cells. β-defensins are expressed as the C-terminal portion of precursors and are released by proteolytic cleavage of a signal peptide. β-defensins contain a six-cysteine motif that forms three intra-molecular disulfide bonds. β-defensin 1 is an antimicrobial peptide implicated in the resistance of epithelial surfaces to microbial colonization. Defects in β-Defensin-1 contribute to asthma diagnosis, with apparent gender-specific effects in human. β-defensin 1 may also play a role in the pathogenesis of severe sepsis. In addition, β-defensin 1 is associated with induction profiles in gingival keratinocytes.
Molecular Mass	5.07 KDa
Apmol Mass	6 KDa, reducing conditions
Formulation	Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution of 20mM PB, 130mM NaCl, pH 7.4.
Endotoxin	Less than 0.1 ng/µg (1 EU/µg) as determined by LAL test.
Purity	Greater than 95% as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE. (QC verified)
Biological Activity	Not tested
Reconstitution	Always centrifuge tubes before opening. Do not mix by vortex or pipetting. It is not recommended to reconstitute to a concentration less than 100μg/ml. Dissolve the lyophilized protein in distilled water. Please aliquot the reconstituted solution to minimize freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage	Lyophilized protein should be stored at ≤ -20°C, stable for one year after receipt. Reconstituted protein solution can be stored at 2-8°C for 2-7 days. Aliquots of reconstituted samples are stable at ≤ -20°C for 3 months.
Shipping	The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature listed below.
Usage	For Research Use Only

Target Details

Target Function	Has bactericidal activity. May act as a ligand for C-C chemokine receptor CCR6. Positively regulates the sperm motility and bactericidal activity in a CCR6-dependent manner. Binds to CCR6 and triggers Ca2+ mobilization in the sperm which is important for its motility.
Subcellular Location	Secreted. Membrane.
Protein Families	Beta-defensin family
Database References	HGNC: 2766 OMIM: 602056 KEGG: hsa:1672 STRING: 9606.ENSP00000297439 UniGene: PMID: 29727722 These studies identified SNPs that were cis-eQTLs for DEFB1 and AHR and, which were associated with variation in plasma KYN concentrations that were related to severity of major depressive disordersymptoms. PMID: 29317604 a considerable connection of DEFB1 and TCF7L2 gene polymorphisms with nephrolithiasis PMID: 29959006 identification of critical promoter regions of DEFB1 that are epigenetically influenced by lactobacilli in vaginal keratinocytes PMID: 28508168 Endometrial tissues and epithelial cells constitutively secreted both BD-1 and -2 mostly at the apical compartment. Both genistein and daidzein induced BDs secretion which reached a peak at 5-15 min. The apical secretion of BDs was coincidence with increased Cl- secretion induced by genistein. PMID: 29905453 The polymorphisms in DEFB1 were not associated with hBD salivary level and caries experience (p > 0.05) in children. PMID: 28343232 These findings suggest a role for hBD-1 in psoriasis pathogenesis PMID: 28067065 Significant associations were found between periodontitis and g. -20G> A (rs11362) and g. -44C> G (rs1800972) SNPs in DEFB1 gene as well as p.Ala29Thr (rs1126477) and p.Lys47Arg (rs1126478) SNPs in LTF gene. PMID: 28485077 hBD-1 potentiates the induction of in vitro osteoclastogenesis by RANKL via enhanced phosphorylation of the p44/42 MAPKs. PMID: 28709835 findings lead us to hypothesize an involvement of hBD-1 mediated innate immunity in the modulation of the susceptibility towards adeno-tonsillar hypertrophy development. PMID: 29501294 Two DEFB1 SNPs were significantly associated with the DMFT(decayed, missing, filled teeth) index. PMID: 27846636 Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that hBD-1 basal cell loss (>/=20% of prostatic glands in total cores) is an independent factor for predicting prostatic adenocarcinoma (odds ratio: 4.739, confidence interval: 1.093-20.554, p = 0.038). hBD-1 loss of basal cells is a useful indicator to identify extremely high-risk patients with initially negative biopsy. PMID: 28885732 It was concluded that bile acids can differentially regulate colonic epithelial beta-defensin expression and secretion; the authors discuss the implications for intestinal health and disease.- PMID: 28487283 data provide important insight into the in vivo kinetics of HBD expression, the mechanism of HBD1 induction by HIV-1, and the role of HBDs in the early innate response to HIV-1 during acute infection PMID: 28253319 CpG methylation frequencies in the DEFB1 low CpG-content promoter were significantly higher in the prostate malignant tissues than in adjacent benign tissues. PMID: 27835705 DEFB1 - genotypes were correlated with the hBD-1 salivary concentration. PMID: 27770642 Coding missense and nonsense single nucleotide polymorphisms result in less active HBD1 antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli. PMID: 27160989 A significant difference was found between the levels of staining of TLR-2, TLR-4 and hBD-1 in different lesions from the epidermis, inflammation region, dermis and skin appendages (p < 0.05) in patients with acne vulgaris. PMID: 26695933 Expression of hBD-1, hBD-2, hBD-3, and hBD-4 in healthy and chronic periodontitis gingiva. PMID: 26874342 The -44 CC genotype of the beta-defensin-1 gene (DEFB1 rs1800972) may be associated with susceptibility to chronic periodontitis in Japanese. PMID: 24276427 No clear association was found between the DEFB1 polymorphisms and tuberculosis. PMID: 26991287 DEFB1 polymorphisms alone may not influence pathology susceptibility, however they could possibly concur, together with other factors involved in the genetic control of innate immune system, in the predisposition towards recurrent tonsillitis PMID: 26968045 beta-defensin-1 production is dysregulated in the epithelium of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease PMID: 26568662 dental plaque amount, lactobacilli count, age, and saliva buffer capacity, as well as DEFB1 gene polymorphism, explained a total of 87.8% of variations in DMFT scores. PMID: 26377569 Our meta-analysis provides evidence that DEFB1 genetic polymorphisms rs11362G>A, rs1800972C>G and rs1799946G>A are important contributing factors to the development of digestive diseases PMID: 26232989 Association of infectious pathology of upper respiratory tract and development of periodontitis diseases with markers in DEFB1 (-44G/C) and TLR2 Arg753Gln and Arg677Trp genes was determined. PMID: 27029120 Genotypes and alleles of the DEFB1 gene found in long-living individuals can be considered as the factors that increase the probability of longevity and favorable course of age-related diseases. PMID: 26028230 there is a significant link between innate immunity deregulation through disruption of cationic peptides (hBDs) and the potential development of colon cancer. PMID: 26038828 Possible association between DEFB1 polymorphisms and in vivo salivary levels of hBD-1 in an Italian population of 40 healthy individuals, finding a genotype-related different expression with two of these polymorphisms: -52G > A and -44C > G. PMID: 25939140 We found that RNA interference-induced Caspase-12 silencing increased NOD1, hBD1 and hBD2 expression PMID: 25503380 A-dependent DEFB1 upregulation below 20 mM predicts in vitro antimicrobial activity as well as glucose- and AA-dependent CAMP and IFNG upregulation. PMID: 25815330 We conclude that plant-made recombinant beta-defensins (phBD-1 and phBD-2) are promising antimicrobial substances and have the potential to become additional tools against salmonellosis, particularly when used in combination. PMID: 25417183 The DEFB1 c.-44C>G polymorphism of the GG protective genotype was much less frequent among multiple sclerosis patients than among the controls. PMID: 26434201 beta defensin 1 gene -20G/A, -44C/G and -52G/A single nucleotide polymorphisms were not associated with chronic tonsillitis. PMID: 25683590 Our results suggest the involvement of DEFB1 polymorphisms, in particular that of the c.5*G>A SNP, in the susceptibility of women from Northeast Brazil to HPV infection. PMID: 25410996 Functional polymorphisms in IL1B and DEFB1 influence susceptibility to mold infection in solid-organ transplant recipients. PMID: 25398456 DEFB1 minor haplotypes were also associated with an increased risk of developing Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance lesions, being significantly more frequent in HPV negative women with lesions, than without lesions. PMID: 24435641 The present finding explains a common defect in male infertility associated with both asthenozoospermia and leukocytospermia, indicating a dual role of DEFB1 in defending male fertility. PMID: 25122636 GG genotype of C-44G SNP in DEFB1 gene may result in decreased defensin beta-1 production in diabetes. PMID: 25083086 These findings associate DEFB1 5'UTR polymorphisms with HIV-1/AIDS in Mexican women for the first time. PMID: 25001249 hBD-1 suppresses tumor migration and invasion of oral squamous cell carcinoma. PMID: 24658581 Data indicate that CCL2 and IL-10 released from burn patient lineage-CD34+CD31- cells were shown to be responsible for their inhibitory activities on the production of beta-defensin 1 (HBD-1) by epidermal keratinocytes. PMID: 24498256 A possible involvement of DEFB1 gene in inflammatory bowel diseases. PMID: 24034632 genetic variant rs11362 in DEFB 1 influences caries susceptibility in CL/P children. The results support the hypothesis that expression of DEFB 1 in saliva may serve as a biomarker for future caries risk PMID: 23964634 This gene encodes a peptide with antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and H. influenzae. PMID: 20100591 HBD-1 serum levels in chronic kidney disease patients are inversely related to estimated glomerular filtration rate. PMID: 24356550 Our findings suggest interplay between hBD-1 and neuroimmunological responses in Alzheimer's disease PMID: 24139179 IRF5, but not TLR4, DEFEB1, or VDR, is associated with the risk of ulcerative colitis in a Han Chinese population. PMID: 23971939 Data suggest that levels of DEFB1 and DEFB2 are highest in colostrum and decrease in human milk over course of lactation; abundance of DEFB1 in colostrum may have protective against upper respiratory infection in infants up to 6 months. PMID: 24124699 The salivary beta-defensin concentration was significantly higher in patients with oral mucosal diseases than in healthy volunteers; furthermore, in patients, the concentration was significantly higher before treatment than after treatment. PMID: 24564045

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

To learn more about how to properly dissolve the lyophilized recombinant protein, please visit Lyophilization FAQs.