Recombinant Human D-Amino Acid Oxidase Activator (DAOA) Protein (GST)

Name: Recombinant Human D-Amino Acid Oxidase Activator (DAOA) Protein (GST)
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BLC-10040P
Availability: InStock

Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

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Product Overview

Description	Recombinant Human D-Amino Acid Oxidase Activator (DAOA) Protein (GST) is produced by our E.coli expression system. This is a full length protein.
Purity	Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
Uniprotkb	P59103
Target Symbol	DAOA
Synonyms	D-amino acid oxidase activator; DAOA; DAOA_HUMAN; G72 transcript; LG72; Protein G72; Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder associated protein G72; SG72
Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
Expression System	E.coli
Tag	N-GST
Target Protein Sequence	MLEKLMGADSLQLFRSRYTLGKIYFIGFQRSILLSKSENSLNSIAKETEEGRETVTRKEGWKRRHEDGYLEMAQRHLQRSLCPWVSYLPQPYAELEEVSSHVGKVFMARNYEFLAYEASKDRRQPLERMWTCNYNQQKDQSCNHKEITSTKAE
Expression Range	1-153aa
Protein Length	Full Length
Mol. Weight	45.1kDa
Research Area	Others
Form	Liquid or Lyophilized powder
Buffer	Liquid form: default storage buffer is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 5%-50% glycerol. Lyophilized powder form: the buffer before lyophilization is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 6% Trehalose, pH 8.0.
Reconstitution	Briefly centrifuged the vial prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Reconstitute protein in deionized sterile water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL. It is recommended to add 5-50% of glycerol (final concentration) and aliquot for long-term storage at -20°C/-80°C. The default final concentration of glycerol is 50%.
Storage	1. Store at -20°C/-80°C upon receipt, aliquoting is necessary for mutiple use. 2. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. 3. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week. 4. In general, protein in liquid form is stable for up to 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. Protein in lyophilized powder form is stable for up to 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.
Notes	Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week.

Target Details

Target Function	Seems to activate D-amino acid oxidase.
Subcellular Location	Golgi apparatus.
Database References	HGNC: 21191 OMIM: 181500 KEGG: hsa:267012 STRING: 9606.ENSP00000365103 UniGene: Hs.381382
Associated Diseases	Schizophrenia (SCZD)
Tissue Specificity	Expressed in amygdala, caudate nucleus, spinal cord and testis.

Gene Functions References

Findings showed that NOS1AP (rs348624, rs12742393 and rs1415263), DISC1 (rs821633 and rs1000731), DAOA (rs2391191) and GSK3B (rs6438552) SNPs had no association with development of early-onset schizophrenia; however, our finding suggested statistically significant role of the interaction of NOS1AP, DISC1, DAOA and GSK3B polymorphisms in schizophrenia susceptibility. PMID: 29100974
In SNP-based single locus association analyses, the rs778292 in the DAOA gene showed significant association with schizophrenia. Additionally, a three-SNP haplotype (rs778292-rs3918342-rs1421292) in the DAOA gene were observed to be significantly associated with schizophrenia in a Taiwanese population. PMID: 28285246
G72 transgenic mice have larger excitatory synapses with an increased amount of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in the molecular layer of dentate gyrus, compared with wild-type littermates. Transgenic animals have lower number of dentate granule cells with a parallel, but an even stronger decrease in the number of excitatory synapses in the molecular layer. PMID: 27163208
pLG72 interacts with neosynthesized d-amino acid oxidase (hDAAO), promoting its inactivation and degradation. In this work, we used low-resolution techniques to characterize the surface topology of the hDAAO-pLG72 complex. PMID: 27400736
Data show that the R30K D-amino acid oxidase activator pLG72 is significantly more prone to degradation than the R30 and the K62E variants in a cell system. PMID: 28166363
Studies successfully predicted the structures of the N- and C-terminal domains (ND and CD, respectively) of G72. PMID: 27815320
We suggest that serum G72 protein levels may represent a candidate biomarker for schizophrenia and have confirmed the results of the previous preliminary study. PMID: 27412497
A Mutation in DAOA Modifies the Age of Onset in PSEN1 E280A Alzheimer's Disease. Findings strongly suggest that this new conspicuous functional age of onset modifier within the G72 (DAOA) gene could be pivotal for understanding the genetic basis of Alzheimer's disease. PMID: 26949549
DAOA gene may contribute to the risk for Psychotic disorders and that this gene may play a role as a modulator of executive function. PMID: 26803614
pLG72 level being significantly increased in the serum of patients with schizophrenia, have led us to propose that the ROS enhancement in mental diseases may be from the overexpression of pLG72 in brain cells. PMID: 26539492
Report in silico analysis of DAOA for the design of inhibitors for treatment of schizophrenia. PMID: 26170631
There were no regions with significantly reduced FA values in homozygous risk allele carriers. PMID: 25031104
This study suggested that structural lipid alterations in oligodendrocyte glycosynapses are responsible for dysconnectivity in schizophrenia and that increased expression of G72 protein may play a role in the development of abnormal glycosynapses. PMID: 25263995
DAOA (or G72) gene encodes for a protein that binds to and activates the D-serine amino acid oxidase that acts as a coactivator of the glycine binding site on the glutamatergic N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. PMID: 25043320
the mitochondrial methionine-R-sulfoxide reductase B2 (MSRB2) is a specific interaction partner of LG72. PMID: 25078755
DAOA genetic polymorphism were not found to confer a statistically significant increased risk of Schizophrenia, bipolar disorder or depressive disorder. PMID: 24447945
Suggest chronic nicotine administration improves cognitive symptoms in G72 mouse model of schizophrenia. PMID: 24417347
study reports G72/G30 expression profiles and behavioral changes in a G72/G30 transgenic mouse model; the transcriptome profile changes and multiple mouse behavioral effects suggest that the G72 gene may play a role in modulating behaviors relevant to psychiatric disorders PMID: 23337943
Its toxic effect on motor neurons can be mediated by expression in motor neurons and it promotes autophagy. PMID: 24138986
Results demonstrate that expression of the human G72/G30 gene locus in mice produces behavioral phenotypes that are relevant to schizophrenia and implicate LG72-induced mitochondrial and synaptic defects as a possible pathomechanism of this disease. PMID: 23092656
Data suggest that neuronal LG72 exhibits a rapid turnover (half-life of 25-40 min in U87 glioblastoma cells) and is degraded via proteasome system, albeit not ubiquitinated. PMID: 24237903
No significant epistatic interaction was observed between DAOA and 5HTR1A variants on clinical outcomes in patients with schizophrenia PMID: 23495896
Significant interactions between the effects of G72 and DAT polymorphisms on activation were evident in several brain areas PMID: 22438288
Cognitive manic symptoms in bipolar disorder associated with polymorphisms in the DAOA and COMT genes. PMID: 23861766
htSNPs not associated with transition to psychosis in high risk individuals PMID: 23632455
the DAOA gene may confer genetic risk of schizophrenia. PMID: 23335491
primary analyses of the 6 DAOA gene polymorphisms failed to detect any association with schizophrenia PMID: 23497497
docking experiment demonstrated DAOA is involved in major amino acid interactions: the residues that interact strongly with the ligand C28H28N3O5PS2 are polar but uncharged (Gln36, Asn38, Thr 122) and non-polar hydrophobic (Ile119, Ser171, Ser21, Ala31). PMID: 23286827
The results of this study suggested that DAOA gene variation affects dopamine turnover in healthy individuals. PMID: 22454242
The DAOA gene may confer genetic risk of major depression. PMID: 22851402
This study reveled the functional role of the LG72 protein and pinpoints molecular correlates of schizophrenia-like behavior. PMID: 22884423
Psychosis and relapse in bipolar disorder are related to GRM3, DAOA, and GRIN2B genotype in Caucasian and mixed-ancestry South African pilot study. PMID: 20957330
A significant 3 way interaction between G72, DAAO and diagnosis is detected in the right middle temporal gyrus (after family-wise error correction), accounting for 8.5% of the individual variance in activation. PMID: 22239582
The findings suggest that the DAOA single nucleotide polymorphisms investigated may not affect major depressive disorder or bipolar disorder phenotype, clinical symptoms or other clinical factors. PMID: 22429365
Results suggested that DAOA rs7139958 and rs9558571 SNPs may be associated with more severe baseline positive symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. PMID: 22122005
The Arg30Lys DAOA risk variant is associated with a distinct cortical thinning, providing new evidence for the pathophysiological impact of DAOA in schizophrenia. PMID: 21508934
G72 transgenic mice have reduced activity of mitochondrial complex I, with a concomitantly increased production of reactive oxygen species. PMID: 21716263
Data suggest that newly synthesized D-amino acid oxidase colocalizes and interacts with pLG72 which appears to be exposed on the external membrane of mitochondria. PMID: 21679769
The results of this study suggested that deleterious genotypes for DAOA and COMT might contribute to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. PMID: 21215384
This study suggested that DAOA/G72 gene confers susceptibility to both bipolar disorder and schizophrenia , but that different polymorphisms may potentially differentiate between these two disorders. PMID: 21443574
G72 genotype does modulate brain activation during language production on a semantic level in key language areas. PMID: 20336655
The present data do not support the view of a general modulatory role of G72 on medial temporal lobe brain activity, at least not in the domain of long-term memory encoding and retrieval. PMID: 20005295
variation in G72 modulates the progressive brain changes that characterize schizophrenia PMID: 19760675
Observational study of gene-disease association. (HuGE Navigator) PMID: 20712760
Observational study of gene-disease association. (HuGE Navigator) PMID: 20957330
Observational study of gene-disease association and gene-environment interaction. (HuGE Navigator) PMID: 21041608
This study did not find DAOA significant associations with schizophrenia. Thus, DAOA genes do not fit the antagonistic pleiotropy model. PMID: 20483474
multivariate regression showed that the rs2153674 genotype accounts for up to 15% of the variance in delusions severity in patients with Alzheimer's disease PMID: 20009237
Observational study of gene-disease association. (HuGE Navigator) PMID: 20667145
The results of thisn study demonistrated that in individuals with Schizophrenia who carrying rs2391191 A allele had significantly lower brief psychiatric rating scale scores than subjects carrying the G allele at each time point. PMID: 20471098

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

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