Recombinant Human Cytochrome C1, Heme Protein, Mitochondrial (CYC1) Protein (GST)

Name: Recombinant Human Cytochrome C1, Heme Protein, Mitochondrial (CYC1) Protein (GST)
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BLC-08504P
Availability: InStock

Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

Collections: All products, High-quality recombinant proteins, Other recombinant proteins

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Product Overview

Description	Recombinant Human Cytochrome C1, Heme Protein, Mitochondrial (CYC1) Protein (GST) is produced by our E.coli expression system. This is a full length protein.
Purity	Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
Uniprotkb	P08574
Target Symbol	CYC1
Synonyms	Complex III subunit 4; Complex III subunit IV; CY1_HUMAN; CYC1; Cytochrome b c1 complex subunit 4 ; Cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 4; Cytochrome bc1 complex subunit 4 ; Cytochrome c 1; Cytochrome c-1; Cytochrome c1; heme protein; mitochondrial; Ubiquinol cytochrome c reductase complex cytochrome c1 subunit; Ubiquinol-cytochrome-c reductase complex cytochrome c1 subunit; UQCR4
Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
Expression System	E.coli
Tag	N-GST
Target Protein Sequence	SDLELHPPSYPWSHRGLLSSLDHTSIRRGFQVYKQVCASCHSMDFVAYRHLVGVCYTEDEAKELAAEVEVQDGPNEDGEMFMRPGKLFDYFPKPYPNSEAARAANNGALPPDLSYIVRARHGGEDYVFSLLTGYCEPPTGVSLREGLYFNPYFPGQAIAMAPPIYTDVLEFDDGTPATMSQIAKDVCTFLRWASEPEHDHRKRMGLKMLMMMALLVPLVYTIKRHKWSVLKSRKLAYRPPK
Expression Range	85-325aa
Protein Length	Full Length of Mature Protein
Mol. Weight	54.4kDa
Research Area	Transport
Form	Liquid or Lyophilized powder
Buffer	Liquid form: default storage buffer is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 5%-50% glycerol. Lyophilized powder form: the buffer before lyophilization is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 6% Trehalose, pH 8.0.
Reconstitution	Briefly centrifuged the vial prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Reconstitute protein in deionized sterile water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL. It is recommended to add 5-50% of glycerol (final concentration) and aliquot for long-term storage at -20°C/-80°C. The default final concentration of glycerol is 50%.
Storage	1. Store at -20°C/-80°C upon receipt, aliquoting is necessary for mutiple use. 2. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. 3. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week. 4. In general, protein in liquid form is stable for up to 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. Protein in lyophilized powder form is stable for up to 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.
Notes	Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week.

Target Details

Target Function	Component of the ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase, a multisubunit transmembrane complex that is part of the mitochondrial electron transport chain which drives oxidative phosphorylation. The respiratory chain contains 3 multisubunit complexes succinate dehydrogenase (complex II, CII), ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase (cytochrome b-c1 complex, complex III, CIII) and cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV, CIV), that cooperate to transfer electrons derived from NADH and succinate to molecular oxygen, creating an electrochemical gradient over the inner membrane that drives transmembrane transport and the ATP synthase. The cytochrome b-c1 complex catalyzes electron transfer from ubiquinol to cytochrome c, linking this redox reaction to translocation of protons across the mitochondrial inner membrane, with protons being carried across the membrane as hydrogens on the quinol. In the process called Q cycle, 2 protons are consumed from the matrix, 4 protons are released into the intermembrane space and 2 electrons are passed to cytochrome c. Cytochrome c1 is a catalytic core subunit containing a c-type heme. It transfers electrons from the [2Fe-2S] iron-sulfur cluster of the Rieske protein to cytochrome c.
Subcellular Location	Mitochondrion inner membrane; Single-pass membrane protein.
Protein Families	Cytochrome c family
Database References	HGNC: 2579 OMIM: 123980 KEGG: hsa:1537 STRING: 9606.ENSP00000317159 UniGene: PMID: 28394473 results indicate that miR-661 plays a tumor suppressor role in OS mediated by the downregulation of CYC1, suggesting a potential mechanism underlying cell death resistance in Osteosarcoma. PMID: 28391262 CYC1 promoted tumor metastasis via suppressing activation of AMPK and contributed to tumor growth via facilitating production of ATP. PMID: 27239088 FASL, granzyme B, and cytochrome c blood expression reflects breast cancer progression and response to therapy. (Review) PMID: 27117663 our results provide evidence that CYC1 plays an important role in OS tumorigenesis, and modulation of CYC1 may be an effective strategy to potentiate OS to apoptotic induction by TRAIL. PMID: 25562155 Mutations in CYC1 cause insulin-responsive hyperglycemia. PMID: 23910460 HeLa cells expressing non-cleavable cytochrome c1 maintain mitochondrial morphology and functions. PMID: 21577235 Decreased electron Transport Complex IV activity is associated with ulcerative colitis. PMID: 20440543 Addition of H202 to tendon fibroblasts in vitro resulted in oxidative stress-induced apoptosis and the release of CYC1. PMID: 12788227 the Ca(2+) spike, mitochondrial Bcl-2 presensitization, and subsequent Delta psi(m) transition, Bax translocation, and ROS generation are important upstream signals for cytochrome c release upon stimulation by a Bcl-2 inhibitor. PMID: 14966123 Sensitivity of Cyt c detection in -linked immunosorbent assay is reduced in the presence of serum leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein-1. PMID: 16699948

FAQs

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

To learn more about how to properly dissolve the lyophilized recombinant protein, please visit Lyophilization FAQs.