Recombinant Human Cytochrome C Oxidase Subunit 4 Isoform 1, Mitochondrial (COX4I1) Protein (His-SUMO)

Name: Recombinant Human Cytochrome C Oxidase Subunit 4 Isoform 1, Mitochondrial (COX4I1) Protein (His-SUMO)
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BLC-03092P
Availability: InStock

Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

Collections: All products, High-quality recombinant proteins, Other recombinant proteins

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Product Overview

Description	Recombinant Human Cytochrome C Oxidase Subunit 4 Isoform 1, Mitochondrial (COX4I1) Protein (His-SUMO) is produced by our E.coli expression system. This is a full length protein.
Purity	Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
Uniprotkb	P13073
Target Symbol	COX4I1
Synonyms	AL024441; COX 4; COX IV 1; COX IV; COX IV-1; Cox4; COX41_HUMAN; Cox4a; COX4B; COX4I1; COX4I2; COX4L2; COXIV; Cytochrome c oxidase polypeptide IV; Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 1 mitochondrial; Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 1, mitochondrial; Cytochrome C Oxidase subunit IV; Cytochrome c oxidase subunit IV isoform 1; Cytochrome c oxidase subunit IV isoform 2 (lung); Cytochrome c oxydase subunit 4; dJ857M17.2; MGC105470; MGC72016
Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
Expression System	E.coli
Tag	N-6His-SUMO
Target Protein Sequence	AHESVVKSEDFSLPAYMDRRDHPLPEVAHVKHLSASQKALKEKEKASWSSLSMDEKVELYRIKFKESFAEMNRGSNEWKTVVGGAMFFIGFTALVIMWQKHYVYGPLPQSFDKEWVAKQTKRMLDMKVNPIQGLASKWDYEKNEWKK
Expression Range	23-169aa
Protein Length	Full Length of Mature Protein
Mol. Weight	33.2kDa
Research Area	Metabolism
Form	Liquid or Lyophilized powder
Buffer	Liquid form: default storage buffer is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 5%-50% glycerol. Lyophilized powder form: the buffer before lyophilization is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 6% Trehalose, pH 8.0.
Reconstitution	Briefly centrifuged the vial prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Reconstitute protein in deionized sterile water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL. It is recommended to add 5-50% of glycerol (final concentration) and aliquot for long-term storage at -20°C/-80°C. The default final concentration of glycerol is 50%.
Storage	1. Store at -20°C/-80°C upon receipt, aliquoting is necessary for mutiple use. 2. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. 3. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week. 4. In general, protein in liquid form is stable for up to 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. Protein in lyophilized powder form is stable for up to 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.
Notes	Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week.

Target Details

Target Function	Component of the cytochrome c oxidase, the last enzyme in the mitochondrial electron transport chain which drives oxidative phosphorylation. The respiratory chain contains 3 multisubunit complexes succinate dehydrogenase (complex II, CII), ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase (cytochrome b-c1 complex, complex III, CIII) and cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV, CIV), that cooperate to transfer electrons derived from NADH and succinate to molecular oxygen, creating an electrochemical gradient over the inner membrane that drives transmembrane transport and the ATP synthase. Cytochrome c oxidase is the component of the respiratory chain that catalyzes the reduction of oxygen to water. Electrons originating from reduced cytochrome c in the intermembrane space (IMS) are transferred via the dinuclear copper A center (CU(A)) of subunit 2 and heme A of subunbit 1 to the active site in subunit 1, a binuclear center (BNC) formed by heme A3 and copper B (CU(B)). The BNC reduces molecular oxygen to 2 water molecules using 4 electrons from cytochrome c in the IMS and 4 protons from the mitochondrial matrix.
Subcellular Location	Mitochondrion inner membrane; Single-pass membrane protein.
Protein Families	Cytochrome c oxidase IV family
Database References	HGNC: 2265 OMIM: 123864 KEGG: hsa:1327 STRING: 9606.ENSP00000253452 UniGene: PMID: 30223867 COX4I1 variant K101N was identified in a patient with short stature, poor weight gain and increased chromosomal breaks, simulating Fanconi anemia. PMID: 28766551 This cohort study showed that the COX411 gene was down regulation between patients with idiopathic Parkinson disease and controls PMID: 28916538 We provide evidence that COX4-1 controls BMI1 expression via a redox mechanism PMID: 25726526 COXIV mRNA (1.6 fold; P<0.01) and COXIV protein expression (1.5 fold; P<0.05) were increased by training but COXIV protein expression was decreased (20%; P<0.01) by acute exercise pre- and post-training. PMID: 23285255 COX activity (electron transport complex IV) is reduced by 29% in maternal history of Alzheimer's disease compared to normal controls, and by 30% compared to paternal history of Alzheimer's disease. PMID: 21841246 Studies suggest a model that links cell signaling with the phosphorylation state of Cytochrome c (Cytc) and cytochrome c oxidase (COX). PMID: 21771582 Studies suggest that the main function of nuclear encoded subunits of cytochrome c oxidase appears to be "only" to control the activity of the mitochondrial subunits. PMID: 21802404 Studies indicate that the mechanism for proton pumping in cytochrome c oxidase is based on an electrostatic analysis of a kinetic experiment for the O to E transition. PMID: 21978537 Studies indicate that nitric oxide (NO) inhibition of cytochrome c oxidase (CcOX) is rapid and reversible and may occur in competition with oxygen. PMID: 21939634 Studies indicate that the cytochrome oxidase enzyme-substrate (ES) Michaelis complex of cell respiration, the dioxygen adduct of heme a(3), which he termed Compound A. PMID: 22079200 Novel insights into the assembly and function of human nuclear-encoded cytochrome c oxidase subunits 4 PMID: 20307258 Data found that subunits Cox6a, Cox6b and Cox7a assembled into pre-existing complex IV, while Cox4-1 and Cox6c subunits assembled into subcomplexes that may represent rate-limiting intermediates. PMID: 19843159 study points to a role for surfeit 1(SURF1) in promoting the association of cytochrome c oxidase II with the cytochrome c oxidase I.cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4.cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5A subassembly PMID: 14607829 Under conditions of reduced oxygen availability, hypoxia-inducible factor 1 reciprocally regulates COX4 subunit expression by activating transcription of the genes encoding COX4-2 and LON, a mitochondrial protease that is required for COX4-1 degradation. PMID: 17418790

FAQs

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

To learn more about how to properly dissolve the lyophilized recombinant protein, please visit Lyophilization FAQs.