Recombinant Human Cyclin-T1 (CCNT1) Protein (His)

Name: Recombinant Human Cyclin-T1 (CCNT1) Protein (His)
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BLC-06672P
Availability: InStock

Greater than 85% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

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Product Overview

Description	Recombinant Human Cyclin-T1 (CCNT1) Protein (His) is produced by our E.coli expression system. This is a full length protein.
Purity	Greater than 85% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
Uniprotkb	O60563
Target Symbol	CCNT1
Synonyms	(CycT1)(Cyclin-T)
Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
Expression System	E.coli
Tag	N-6His
Target Protein Sequence	MEGERKNNNKRWYFTREQLENSPSRRFGVDPDKELSYRQQAANLLQDMGQRLNVSQLTINTAIVYMHRFYMIQSFTQFPGNSVAPAALFLAAKVEEQPKKLEHVIKVAHTCLHPQESLPDTRSEAYLQQVQDLVILESIILQTLGFELTIDHPHTHVVKCTQLVRASKDLAQTSYFMATNSLHLTTFSLQYTPPVVACVCIHLACKWSNWEIPVSTDGKHWWEYVDATVTLELLDELTHEFLQILEKTPNRLKRIWNWRACEAAKKTKADDRGTDEKTSEQTILNMISQSSSDTTIAGLMSMSTSTTSAVPSLPVSEESSSNLTSVEMLPGKRWLSSQPSFKLEPTQGHRTSENLALTGVDHSLPQDGSNAFISQKQNSKSVPSAKVSLKEYRAKHAEELAAQKRQLENMEANVKSQYAYAAQNLLSHHDSHSSVILKMPIEGSENPERPFLEKADKTALKMRIPVAGGDKAASSKPEEIKMRIKVHAAADKHNSVEDSVTKSREHKEKHKTHPSNHHHHHNHHSHKHSHSQLPVGTGNKRPGDPKHSSQTSNLAHKTYSLSSSFSSSSSTRKRGPSEETGGAVFDHPAKIAKSTKSSSLNFSFPSLPTMGQMPGHSSDTSGLSFSQPSCKTRVPHSKLDKGPTGANGHNTTQTIDYQDTVNMLHSLLSAQGVQPTQPTAFEFVRPYSDYLNPRSGGISSRSGNTDKPRPPPLPSEPPPPLPPLPK
Expression Range	1-726aa
Protein Length	Full Length
Mol. Weight	86.7 kDa
Research Area	Cell Biology
Form	Liquid or Lyophilized powder
Buffer	Liquid form: default storage buffer is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 5%-50% glycerol. Lyophilized powder form: the buffer before lyophilization is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 6% Trehalose, pH 8.0.
Reconstitution	Briefly centrifuged the vial prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Reconstitute protein in deionized sterile water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL. It is recommended to add 5-50% of glycerol (final concentration) and aliquot for long-term storage at -20°C/-80°C. The default final concentration of glycerol is 50%.
Storage	1. Store at -20°C/-80°C upon receipt, aliquoting is necessary for mutiple use. 2. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. 3. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week. 4. In general, protein in liquid form is stable for up to 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. Protein in lyophilized powder form is stable for up to 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.
Notes	Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week.

Target Details

Target Function	Regulatory subunit of the cyclin-dependent kinase pair (CDK9/cyclin-T1) complex, also called positive transcription elongation factor B (P-TEFb), which is proposed to facilitate the transition from abortive to productive elongation by phosphorylating the CTD (C-terminal domain) of the large subunit of RNA polymerase II (RNA Pol II).; (Microbial infection) In case of HIV or SIV infections, binds to the transactivation domain of the viral nuclear transcriptional activator, Tat, thereby increasing Tat's affinity for the transactivating response RNA element (TAR RNA). Serves as an essential cofactor for Tat, by promoting RNA Pol II activation, allowing transcription of viral genes.
Subcellular Location	Nucleus.
Protein Families	Cyclin family, Cyclin C subfamily
Database References	HGNC: 1599 OMIM: 143055 KEGG: hsa:904 STRING: 9606.ENSP00000261900 UniGene: PMID: 28422315 The TAR central loop contacts the CycT1 Tat-TAR recognition motif (TRM) and the second Tat Zn(2+)-binding loop. Hydrogen-deuterium exchange (HDX) shows that AFF4 helix 2 is stabilized in the TAR complex despite not touching the RNA, explaining how it enhances TAR binding to the SEC 50-fold. PMID: 27731797 Quantitative measurement of the molecular interactions among Tat, CycT1 and CDK9 has showed that any third molecule enhances the binding between the other two molecules. These findings suggest that each component of the Tat:P-TEFb complex stabilizes the overall complex, thereby supporting the efficient transcriptional elongation during viral RNA synthesis. PMID: 27193293 the introduction of HIV-1 Tat and Mg12+ ion resulted in the active site architectural characteristics of phosphorylated CDK9/cyclin T1 complex PMID: 25909811 AFF4 is positioned to make unexpected direct contacts with HIV Tat, and Tat enhances P-TEFb/CCNT1 affinity for AFF4. PMID: 23471103 Plk1 negatively regulates the RNA polymerase II-dependent transcription through inhibiting the activity of cyclin T1/Cdk9 complex. PMID: 23977272 The sequence domain of human cytomegalovirus pUL97 responsible for the interaction with cyclin T1 was between amino acids 231-280. PMID: 24351800 the release of P-TEFb from the 7SK snRNP led to increased synthesis of HEXIM1 but not HEXIM2 PMID: 24515107 All of the hCD4/R5/cT1 mice developed disseminated infection of tissues that included the spleen, small intestine, lymph nodes and lungs after intravenous injection with an HIV-1 infectious molecular clone PMID: 23691059 positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb, made of CDK9 and CycT1) is released from its inhibitory complex by histone deacetylase inhibitors, which also activate HIV transcription PMID: 23539624 CYCT1b is a newly identified cyclin T1 splice variant whose expression leads to direct inhibition of TAT-transactivated transcription of the HIV-1 LTR promoter PMID: 23569210 Structural determination of a short-lived conformational state between CCNT1 and CDK9 that is adopted during the phosphorylation cycle. PMID: 22959624 The authors find that resting CD4(+) T cells, whether naive or memory and independent of their HIV infection status, have low levels of Cyclin T1 and T-loop-phosphorylated CDK9, which increase upon activation. PMID: 23152527 N-terminal residues in cyclin T1 are specifically involved in the binding of cyclin T1 to HEXIM1 but not to Tat. PMID: 22342181 MiR-27b, miR-29b, miR-223, and miR-150 are regulators of cyclin T1 protein levels and HIV-1 replication in resting CD4+ T cells. PMID: 22205749 The role of the CycT1 N-terminal region in Tat action, was investigated. PMID: 21763494 This investigation reveals a novel mechanism of cyclin T1 regulation and establishes NF90 as a regulator of HIV-1 replication during both productive infection and induction from latency. PMID: 21763496 Cyclin K inhibits HIV-1 gene expression and replication by interfering with cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9)-cyclin T1 interaction in Nef-dependent manner. PMID: 21555514 HCMV inter-regulation with CDK9/cyclin T1 is at least partly based on a pUL69-cylin T1 interaction. PMID: 21450947 study showed that P-TEFb and Dengue virus (DENV) core protein work in concert to enhance IL-8 gene expression by DENV infection PMID: 20618343 results suggest that cyclin T1/CDK9 serves as an adapter to mediate the interaction of influenza A virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and RNA Pol II and promote viral transcription PMID: 20943989 Cyclin T1 oncogenic function and suggest a role for this protein in controlling cell cycle probably via Rb/E2F1 pathway. PMID: 20714219 binding to Cyclin T1 induces an asymmetry or sterical hindrance in the first coiled coil segment of dimeric Hexim1 that disallows formation of a 2:2 complex. PMID: 20210365 Activity inhibited by 7SK small nuclear RNA. PMID: 11713533 P-TEFb containing cyclin K and Cdk9 can activate transcription via RNA. PMID: 11884399 CDK9 has the intrinsic property to shuttle between nucleus and cytoplasm, and enhanced expression of cyclin T1 promotes its nuclear localization. PMID: 12115727 P-TEFb is a key mediator of Myc activated transcription by stimulating elongation PMID: 12177005 fluctuation in CycT1 levels during human macrophage differentiation may be involved in the regulation of HIV-1 replication PMID: 12368300 chimeras between kinase-inactive mutant Cdk9 and truncated cyclin T1 proteins efficiently inhibit Tat transactivation and human immunodeficiency virus gene expression PMID: 12368330 Tat and trans-activation-responsive (TAR) RNA-independent induction of HIV-1 long terminal repeat by this protein requires Sp1 PMID: 12458222 Cyclin T1 binding to HIV-1 tat is regulated by the differential acetylation of tat PMID: 12486002 cyclin T1 binds with granulin to inhibit transcription PMID: 12588988 the transcriptional repressor PIE-1 from Caenorhabditis elegans binds Cyclin T1 via an alanine-containing heptapeptide repeat and inhibits transcriptional elongation {cyclin T1) PMID: 12651893 recruitment to nuclear bodies via direct interaction with PML protein PMID: 12727882 Since Tat also binds to this cyclin T1 domain and the association between 7SK RNA/MAQ1 and P-TEFb competes with the binding of Tat to cyclin T1, we speculate that the TAR RNA/Tat lentivirus system has evolved to subvert the cellular 7SK RNA/MAQ1 system PMID: 12832472 major portion of nuclear P-TEFb is sequestered and inactivated by the coordinated actions of the 7SK snRNA PMID: 14627702 RNAi-mediated gene silencing of P-TEFb in HeLa cells was not lethal and inhibited Tat transactivation and HIV-1 replication in host cells PMID: 14963154 review of work indicating under some circumstances TAK/P-TEFb is likely to be limiting for HIV replication in CD4+ T cells and macrophages; review of mechanisms of regulation of the TAK/P-TEFb subunits in these cell types PMID: 15049426 NUFIP and P-TEFb with BRCA1 activate transcription by RNA polymerase II PMID: 15107825 a histidine-rich stretch in CycT1 was found to direct the transcriptional activity of this P-TEFb complex when tethered artificially to DNA. PMID: 15563843 HEXIM1 and HEXIM2 maintain the balance between active and inactive forms of P-TEFb, a heterodimeric complex composed of cyclin-dependent kinase 9 and cyclin T. PMID: 15713661 downregulation of hCycT1 did not cause apoptotic cell death PMID: 15913611 increased estrogen down regulated gene 1 expression results in inhibition of cyclin T1 recruitment and estrogen receptor 1 DNA binding PMID: 15940264 analysis of positive transcription elongation factor - HEXIM1 - 7SK RNA complex PMID: 15994294 Role of P-TEFb as an activator of transcription elongation can be separated from its role in RNA processing; neither function is universally required for expression of mammalian pol II-dependent genes. PMID: 16308568 the interplay between 7SK snRNA and oppositely charged regions in HEXIM1 direct its binding to P-TEFb and subcellular localization that culminates in the inhibition of transcription PMID: 16362050 human cyclin T1 expression is sufficient to support Tat-mediated transactivation in primary mouse CD4 T lymphocytes and monocytes/macrophages and increases in vitro and in vivo HIV-1 production by these stimulated cells. PMID: 16439541 Using DNA microarray technology, we found that more than 20% of genes induced by PMA require cyclin T1 for their normal level of induction, and approximately 15% of genes repressed by PMA require cyclin T1 for their normal level of repression. PMID: 16764723 These data link the P-TEFb equilibrium to the intracellular transcriptional demand and proliferative/differentiated states of cells. PMID: 16980611 Prostratin induces Cyclin T1 expression and P-TEFb function and this is likely to be involved in prostratin reactivation of latent HIV-1 proviruses PMID: 17014716

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

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