Recombinant Human Cocaine Esterase (CES2) Protein (His)

Name: Recombinant Human Cocaine Esterase (CES2) Protein (His)
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BLC-00302P
Availability: InStock

Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

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Product Overview

Description	Recombinant Human Cocaine Esterase (CES2) Protein (His) is produced by our E.coli expression system. This is a full length protein.
Purity	Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
Uniprotkb	O00748
Target Symbol	CES2
Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
Expression System	E.coli
Tag	C-6His
Target Protein Sequence	QDSASPIRTTHTGQVLGSLVHVKGANAGVQTFLGIPFAKPPLGPLRFAPPEPPESWSGVRDGTTHPAMCLQDLTAVESEFLSQFNMTFPSDSMSEDCLYLSIYTPAHSHEGSNLPVMVWIHGGALVFGMASLYDGSMLAALENVVVVIIQYRLGVLGFFSTGDKHATGNWGYLDQVAALRWVQQNIAHFGGNPDRVTIFGESAGGTSVSSLVVSPISQGLFHGAIMESGVALLPGLIASSADVISTVVANLSACDQVDSEALVGCLRGKSKEEILAINKPFKMIPGVVDGVFLPRHPQELLASADFQPVPSIVGVNNNEFGWLIPKVMRIYDTQKEMDREASQAALQKMLTLLMLPPTFGDLLREEYIGDNGDPQTLQAQFQEMMADSMFVIPALQVAHFQCSRAPVYFYEFQHQPSWLKNIRPPHMKADHGDELPFVFRSFFGGNYIKFTEEEEQLSRKMMKYWANFARNGNPNGEGLPHWPLFDQEEQYLQLNLQPAVGRALKAHRLQFWKKALPQKIQELEEPEERHTEL
Expression Range	27-559aa
Protein Length	Full Length of Mature Protein
Mol. Weight	65.9 kDa
Research Area	Metabolism
Form	Liquid or Lyophilized powder
Buffer	Liquid form: default storage buffer is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 5%-50% glycerol. Lyophilized powder form: the buffer before lyophilization is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 6% Trehalose, pH 8.0.
Reconstitution	Briefly centrifuged the vial prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Reconstitute protein in deionized sterile water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL. It is recommended to add 5-50% of glycerol (final concentration) and aliquot for long-term storage at -20°C/-80°C. The default final concentration of glycerol is 50%.
Storage	1. Store at -20°C/-80°C upon receipt, aliquoting is necessary for mutiple use. 2. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. 3. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week. 4. In general, protein in liquid form is stable for up to 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. Protein in lyophilized powder form is stable for up to 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.
Notes	Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week.

Target Details

Target Function	Involved in the detoxification of xenobiotics and in the activation of ester and amide prodrugs. Shows high catalytic efficiency for hydrolysis of cocaine, 4-methylumbelliferyl acetate, heroin and 6-monoacetylmorphine. Hydrolyzes aspirin, substrates with large alcohol group and small acyl group and endogenous lipids such as triacylglycerol. Converts monoacylglycerides to free fatty acids and glycerol. Hydrolyzes of 2-arachidonoylglycerol and prostaglandins.
Subcellular Location	Endoplasmic reticulum lumen.
Protein Families	Type-B carboxylesterase/lipase family
Database References	HGNC: 1864 OMIM: 605278 KEGG: hsa:8824 STRING: 9606.ENSP00000317842 UniGene: PMID: 28827188 Results revealed that most of the colorectal cancer specimens showed a considerable reduction in CES2 expression compared with adjacent normal tissue independently of p53. PMID: 29651325 Anordrin is predominantly catalyzed by CES1 and CES2 to generate the main active metabolite, anordiol. PMID: 28532270 These data suggest that infants younger than 3 weeks of age would exhibit significantly lower CES1- and CES2-dependent metabolic clearance compared with older individuals. PMID: 26825642 Carboxylesterase 2 possesses triglyceride and diacylglycerol lipase activities and displayed an inverse correlation with HOMA-IR and hepatic diacylglycerol concentrations in humans. PMID: 28099843 has triglyceride hydrolase activity; as a result, gain of hepatic CES2 function increases fatty acid oxidation and inhibits lipogenesis, whereas loss of hepatic CES2 stimulates lipogenesis by inducing endoplasmic reticulum stress PMID: 26806650 Plasma cells are strong producers of CES-2 in intestinal inflammation and cancer and may be involved in metabolic activation of ester-containing prodrugs. PMID: 27149931 Data show that carboxylesterase 2 (CES2A1) is the primary mediator of carboxylesterase (CES) substrates in the enterocytes. PMID: 28285137 Findings suggest that CES2 expression and activity, by mediating the intratumoral activation of irinotecan, is a contributor to FOLFIRINOX sensitivity in pancreatic cancer. PMID: 26025324 In the liver and duodenum, CES2 mRNA expression increased and exhibited a postnatal surge. PMID: 25724353 After oral administration of dabigatran etexilate to humans, DABE is hydrolyzed by intestinal CES2 to the intermediate M2 metabolite followed by hydrolysis of M2 to DAB in the liver by CES1. PMID: 24212379 expression of CES2, UGTA1A1, and GUSB varies in colorectal pathology tissues and that the expression of CES2 is somewhat related to tumor staging. PMID: 24195516 Variations in CES2 in the promoter region, may alter rifampicin metabolism by affecting expression of the gene PMID: 23471941 CES2 RNA expression was observed in neuroblastoma cells, and its expression in neuroblastoma cell lines was positively correlated with sensitivity to CPT-11 and apoptosis after CPT-11 exposure in vitro PMID: 23480903 tested the hypothesis that an individual's CES phenotype can be characterized by reporter substrates/probes that interrogate native CES1 and CES2 activities in liver and immunoblotting methods PMID: 22525521 Report CES2 mediated hydrolysis of heroin, cocaine and CPT-11. PMID: 20649590 A comparison of the substrate specificity of CES1 versus CES2 reveals broad but distinct substrate preferences. PMID: 19508181 The multiple promoters in the CES2 gene were characterized. PMID: 12835618 Single-nucleotide polymorphism in carboxylesterase 2 is associated with reduced mRNA expression in colorectal tumors PMID: 15475243 analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms and haplotype structure of the human carboxylesterase 2 gene PMID: 15475733 human carboxylesterase 2 gene presents several polymorphisms, none of which seems to be involved in significant variations in protein activity PMID: 15592324 TFF-1 is lost late in the progression from Barrett's Esophagus to adenocarcinoma, while CES-2 is upregulated PMID: 15967118 in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, molecular alterations in ice, bcl-2, c-myc and p53 are present in hematopoietic cells from bone marrow as well as in primitive hematopoietic progenitors PMID: 16690525 p53 directly regulates CES-2 expression in a colonic cancer cell line. PMID: 16963839 830C>G single nucleotide polymorphism of CES2 is unlikely to have significant functional consequences on CES2 expression, activity or function PMID: 17483951 IL-6 alters the cellular responsiveness to clopidogrel, irinotecan, and oseltamivir by suppressing the expression of CES2. PMID: 17537833 In a Japanese population, CES2 haplotypes and a defective allele were associated with a decrease in enzyme levels or activity. Pharmacokinetics of irinotecan was evaluated in cancer patients. PMID: 17640957 comparative analysis of CES1 and CES2 in liver and small intestine of humans, monkeys, dogs, rabbits and rats PMID: 17764701 Carboxylesterase 2 is downregulated in colorectal cancer following progression of the disease PMID: 18259949 Carboxylesterase 1A2 has been isolated and determined to be identical to carboxylesterase 1A1 except for exon 1 and the 5' regulatory element. PMID: 18305377 an association between a polymorphism in the CES2 gene and the efficacy of capecitabine has been described PMID: 18473752 pharmacogenomic characterization of human carboxylesterase 1A1, 1A2, and 1A3 genes PMID: 18794728 Carboxylesterases play critical roles in drug metabolism and insecticide detoxication; findings show large variability among different age groups or even within the same age group. PMID: 18983829 serum carboxylesterase-2 level might be a potential marker in the diagnosis of the early stage ovarian cancer. PMID: 19856659

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

To learn more about how to properly dissolve the lyophilized recombinant protein, please visit Lyophilization FAQs.