Recombinant Human Citrate Synthase, Mitochondrial (CS) Protein (His)

Name: Recombinant Human Citrate Synthase, Mitochondrial (CS) Protein (His)
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BLC-04418P
Availability: InStock

Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

Collections: All products, High-quality recombinant proteins, Other recombinant proteins

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Product Overview

Description	Recombinant Human Citrate Synthase, Mitochondrial (CS) Protein (His) is produced by our E.coli expression system. This is a protein fragment.
Purity	Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
Uniprotkb	O75390
Target Symbol	CS
Synonyms	CISY_HUMAN; Citrate synthase; Citrate synthase; mitochondrial; citrate synthetase; Cs; EC 2.3.3; EC 2.3.3.1
Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
Expression System	E.coli
Tag	N-6His
Target Protein Sequence	ASSTNLKDILADLIPKEQARIKTFRQQHGKTVVGQITVDMMYGGMRGMKGLVYETSVLDPDEGIRFRGFSIPECQKLLPKAKGGEEPLPEGLFWLLVTGHIPTEEQVSWLSKEWAKRAALPSHVVTMLDNFPTNLHPMSQLSAAVTALNSESNFARAYAQGISRTKYWELIYEDSMDLIAKLPCVAAKIYRNLYREGSGIGAIDSNLDWSHNFTNMLGYTDHQFTELTRLYLTIHSDHEGGNVSAHTSHLVGSALSDPYLSFAAAMNGLAGPLHGLANQEVLVWLTQLQKEVGKDVSDEKLRDYIWNTLNSGRVVPGYGHAVLRKTDPRYTCQREFALKHLPNDPMFKLVAQLYKIVPNVLLEQGKAKNPWPNVDAHSGVLLQYYGMTEMNYYTVLFGVSRALGVLAQLIWSRALGFPLERPKSMSTEGLMKFVDSK
Expression Range	28-464aa
Protein Length	Partial
Mol. Weight	52.9kDa
Research Area	Metabolism
Form	Liquid or Lyophilized powder
Buffer	Liquid form: default storage buffer is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 5%-50% glycerol. Lyophilized powder form: the buffer before lyophilization is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 6% Trehalose, pH 8.0.
Reconstitution	Briefly centrifuged the vial prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Reconstitute protein in deionized sterile water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL. It is recommended to add 5-50% of glycerol (final concentration) and aliquot for long-term storage at -20°C/-80°C. The default final concentration of glycerol is 50%.
Storage	1. Store at -20°C/-80°C upon receipt, aliquoting is necessary for mutiple use. 2. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. 3. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week. 4. In general, protein in liquid form is stable for up to 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. Protein in lyophilized powder form is stable for up to 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.
Notes	Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week.

Target Details

Subcellular Location	Mitochondrion matrix.
Protein Families	Citrate synthase family
Database References	HGNC: 2422 OMIM: 118950 KEGG: hsa:1431 STRING: 9606.ENSP00000342056 UniGene: PMID: 27363021 Citrate synthase activity was lower in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction compared to controls. PMID: 27179829 mir-122 and its targets G6PC3, ALDOA and CS play roles in the hypoxia responses that regulate glucose and energy metabolism and can serve as hypoxia biomarkers. PMID: 27793029 METTL12 methylates CS on Lys-395, which is localized in the CS active site. Interestingly, the METTL12-mediated methylation inhibited CS activity and was blocked by the CS substrate oxaloacetate. PMID: 28887308 Data suggest that METTL12, localized in mitochondrial matrix, modifies/methylates Lys368 of citrate synthase in external surface region close to its catalytic site; addition/removal of methylation has no effect on citrate synthase activity; Lys368 occurs in highly conserved sequence of amino acid residues of citrate synthase. (METTL12 = methyltransferase-like protein 12) PMID: 28391595 Data suggest that downregulation of citrate synthase (CS) expression in 293T cells leads to low level of ATP production, excessive superoxide formation and cell apoptosis, which implies a possible mechanism for hearing loss in A/J mice. PMID: 28216161 Hence, we conclude that SIRT3 exhibits neuroprotection via deacetylating and increasing mitochondrial enzyme activities. PMID: 28161643 Paretic muscle in hemiparetic stroke survivors had lower CS concentration. PMID: 26361074 The citrate synthase knockdown cells exhibited severe defects in respiratory activity and marked decreases in ATP production, but great increases in glycolytic metabolism. PMID: 23139858 Citrate synthase (CS) is a direct RORalpha target gene and one mechanism by which RORalpha regulates lipid metabolism is via regulation of CS expression. PMID: 22485150 Responses of skeletal and cardiac muscles in CS activity and gene expression at 1 and 48 h after endurance training. Acute effect of exercise on training-induced elevation in CS activity in rat soleus but not ventricle muscles. PMID: 12531911 possible role of CS-specific autoantibodies in the pathomechanism of allograft vasculopathy PMID: 15711981 It is likely that enhanced citrate synthase activity contributes to the conversion of glucose to lipids in pancreatic cancer providing substrate for membrane lipids synthesis. PMID: 15714131 These results provide an important basis for the study of mitochondrial dysfunction due to aberrant CSa trafficking. PMID: 19479947

FAQs

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

To learn more about how to properly dissolve the lyophilized recombinant protein, please visit Lyophilization FAQs.