Recombinant Human Cis-Aconitate Decarboxylase (ACOD1) Protein (His)

Name: Recombinant Human Cis-Aconitate Decarboxylase (ACOD1) Protein (His)
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BLC-06456P
Availability: InStock

Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

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Product Overview

Description	Recombinant Human Cis-Aconitate Decarboxylase (ACOD1) Protein (His) is produced by our E.coli expression system. This is a full length protein.
Purity	Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
Uniprotkb	A6NK06
Target Symbol	ACOD1
Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
Expression System	E.coli
Tag	N-10His
Target Protein Sequence	MMLKSITESFATAIHGLKVGHLTDRVIQRSKRMILDTLGAGFLGTTTEVFHIASQYSKIYSSNISSTVWGQPDIRLPPTYAAFVNGVAIHSMDFDDTWHPATHPSGAVLPVLTALAEALPRSPKFSGLDLLLAFNVGIEVQGRLLHFAKEANDMPKRFHPPSVVGTLGSAAAASKFLGLSSTKCREALAIAVSHAGAPMANAATQTKPLHIGNAAKHGIEAAFLAMLGLQGNKQVLDLEAGFGAFYANYSPKVLPSIASYSWLLDQQDVAFKRFPAHLSTHWVADAAASVRKHLVAERALLPTDYIKRIVLRIPNVQYVNRPFPVSEHEARHSFQYVACAMLLDGGITVPSFHECQINRPQVRELLSKVELEYPPDNLPSFNILYCEISVTLKDGATFTDRSDTFYGHWRKPLSQEDLEEKFRANASKMLSWDTVESLIKIVKNLEDLEDCSVLTTLLKGPSPPEVASNSPACNNSITNLS
Expression Range	1-481aa
Protein Length	Full Length
Mol. Weight	58.7 kDa
Research Area	Others
Form	Liquid or Lyophilized powder
Buffer	Liquid form: default storage buffer is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 5%-50% glycerol. Lyophilized powder form: the buffer before lyophilization is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 6% Trehalose, pH 8.0.
Reconstitution	Briefly centrifuged the vial prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Reconstitute protein in deionized sterile water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL. It is recommended to add 5-50% of glycerol (final concentration) and aliquot for long-term storage at -20°C/-80°C. The default final concentration of glycerol is 50%.
Storage	1. Store at -20°C/-80°C upon receipt, aliquoting is necessary for mutiple use. 2. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. 3. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week. 4. In general, protein in liquid form is stable for up to 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. Protein in lyophilized powder form is stable for up to 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.
Notes	Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week.

Target Details

Target Function	Cis-aconitate decarboxylase that catalyzes production of itaconate and is involved in the inhibition of the inflammatory response. Acts as a negative regulator of the Toll-like receptors (TLRs)-mediated inflammatory innate response by stimulating the tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein TNFAIP3 expression via reactive oxygen species (ROS) in LPS-tolerized macrophages. Involved in antimicrobial response of innate immune cells; ACOD1-mediated itaconic acid production contributes to the antimicrobial activity of macrophages. Involved in antiviral response following infection by flavivirus in neurons: ACOD1-mediated itaconate production inhibits the activity of succinate dehydrogenase, generating a metabolic state in neurons that suppresses replication of viral genomes. Plays a role in the embryo implantation.
Subcellular Location	Mitochondrion.
Protein Families	PrpD family
Database References	HGNC: 33904 OMIM: 615275 KEGG: hsa:730249 STRING: 9606.ENSP00000366682 UniGene: Hs.160789
Tissue Specificity	Expressed in LPS-tolerized macrophages (at protein level). Expressed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), microglia and macrophage cells.

Gene Functions References

In conclusion, we found that IRG1 promoted MHC I level in macrophages membrane via ROS-STAT1/3-TAP1 pathway. Besides, IRG1 could activate the pentose phosphate pathway to promote production of ROS depending on NADPH oxidases. PMID: 28477473
findings suggest that polymorphisms in the immunoresponsive gene 1 (IRG1) gene are associated with the immune response to hepatitis B vaccination; observed that IRG1 inhibited the HBV life cycle and that IRG1 rs17385627 allele 'A' was more effective than rs17385627 allele 'T' at eliminating HBV in HepG2.2.15 cell PMID: 28004399
Respiratory syncytial virus infection induced IRG1 expression in human A549 cells and in the lung tissues of respiratory syncytial virus -infected mice and respiratory syncytial virus infection or IRG1 overexpression promoted reactive oxygen species production. PMID: 27252532
IRF1 is a transcriptional regulator of IRG1 in human macrophages. PMID: 26872335
We identified IRF1 as a transcriptional regulator of IRG1 expression in both human and mouse macrophages under inflammatory conditions. PMID: 26872335
IRG1/CAD associates with mitochondria in human macrophages under inflammatory conditions such as LPS and/or IFNg. PMID: 26872335
Taken together, the results show that IRG1 is expressed by human monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells and that it is rapidly induced in both human and murine macrophages under inflammatory conditions such as LPS, TNFa and IFNg. PMID: 26872335
Findings revealed that IRG1 is a candidate oncogene that is amplified in glioma and is involved in novel mechanisms that influence glioma pathogenesis. PMID: 25216059
inducible IRG1 promotes endotoxin tolerance by increasing A20 expression through ROS, indicating a new molecular mechanism regulating hypoinflammation of sepsis and endotoxin tolerance. PMID: 23609450
IRG1 links cellular metabolism with immune defense by catalyzing itaconic acid production PMID: 23610393
Irg1 gene encodes an enzyme synthesizing itaconic acid from the TCA cycle intermediate cisaconitate. Furthermore, our data also show that IRG1 mediated itaconic acid production contributes to the antimicrobial activity of macrophages. PMID: 23610393
Results indicated that the IRG1 gene is differentially expressed in human fetal PBMCs and LPS-stimulated adult PBMCs. PMID: 21424586

FAQs

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

To learn more about how to properly dissolve the lyophilized recombinant protein, please visit Lyophilization FAQs.