Recombinant Human Chromogranin-A (CHGA) Protein (GST)

Name: Recombinant Human Chromogranin-A (CHGA) Protein (GST)
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BLC-08142P
Availability: InStock

Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

Collections: All products, High-quality recombinant proteins, Other recombinant proteins

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Product Overview

Description	Recombinant Human Chromogranin-A (CHGA) Protein (GST) is produced by our E.coli expression system. This is a protein fragment.
Purity	Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
Uniprotkb	P10645
Target Symbol	CHGA
Synonyms	beta Granin; betagranin (N-terminal fragment of chromogranin A); catestatin; CgA; CHG A; Chga; chromofungin; Chromogranin A; Chromogranin A parathyroid secretory protein 1; Chromogranin A precursor; ChromograninA; CMGA_HUMAN; ER-37; Pancreastatin; Parastatin; Parathyroid secretory protein 1; Pituitary secretory protein I; Secretory protein I; SP I; SP-I; SP1; SPI; vasostatin 2; Vasostatin; Vasostatin I; Vasostatin II; vasostatin-2
Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
Expression System	E.coli
Tag	N-GST
Target Protein Sequence	QAKREEEEEEEEEAEAGEEAVPEEEGPTVVLNPHPSLGYKEIRKGESRSEALAVDGAGKPGAEEAQDPEGKGEQEHSQQKEEEEEMAVVPQGLFRGGKSGELEQEEERLSKEWEDSKRWSKMDQLAKELTAEKRLEGQEEEEDNRDSSMKLSFRARAYGFRGPGPQLRRGWRPSSREDSLEAGLPLQVRGYPEEKKEEEGSANRRPEDQELESLSAIEAELEKVAHQLQALRRG
Expression Range	224-457aa
Protein Length	Partial
Mol. Weight	53.4kDa
Research Area	Cancer
Form	Liquid or Lyophilized powder
Buffer	Liquid form: default storage buffer is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 5%-50% glycerol. Lyophilized powder form: the buffer before lyophilization is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 6% Trehalose, pH 8.0.
Reconstitution	Briefly centrifuged the vial prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Reconstitute protein in deionized sterile water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL. It is recommended to add 5-50% of glycerol (final concentration) and aliquot for long-term storage at -20°C/-80°C. The default final concentration of glycerol is 50%.
Storage	1. Store at -20°C/-80°C upon receipt, aliquoting is necessary for mutiple use. 2. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. 3. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week. 4. In general, protein in liquid form is stable for up to 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. Protein in lyophilized powder form is stable for up to 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.
Notes	Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week.

Target Details

Target Function	Strongly inhibits glucose induced insulin release from the pancreas.; Inhibits catecholamine release from chromaffin cells and noradrenergic neurons by acting as a non-competitive nicotinic cholinergic antagonist. Displays antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria S.aureus and M.luteus, and Gram-negative bacteria E.coli and P.aeruginosa. Can induce mast cell migration, degranulation and production of cytokines and chemokines. Acts as a potent scavenger of free radicals in vitro. May play a role in the regulation of cardiac function and blood pressure.; Regulates granule biogenesis in endocrine cells by up-regulating the transcription of protease nexin 1 (SERPINE2) via a cAMP-PKA-SP1 pathway. This leads to inhibition of granule protein degradation in the Golgi complex which in turn promotes granule formation.
Subcellular Location	[Serpinin]: Secreted. Cytoplasmic vesicle, secretory vesicle.; Cytoplasmic vesicle, secretory vesicle. Cytoplasmic vesicle, secretory vesicle, neuronal dense core vesicle. Secreted.
Protein Families	Chromogranin/secretogranin protein family
Database References	HGNC: 1929 OMIM: 118910 KEGG: hsa:1113 STRING: 9606.ENSP00000216492 UniGene: PMID: 29858590 Patients with higher catestatin levels developed worse ventricular function during the follow-up period. Single-point catestatin was effective to predict LVEDD change. And concurrently increasing catestatin and NT-proBNP levels predicted the highest risk of LV remodeling. This study suggests an important prognostic information of catestatin on LV remodeling. PMID: 28397784 CgA and NSE are clinically valuable tumor markers in neuroblastoma and they merit prospective clinical evaluations as such. PMID: 29737901 Vasostatin-1 is stably overexpressed in serum of patients with ileal and pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms. PMID: 29723285 Results suggest that severe atopic dermatitis is associated with higher stress levels. Simple salivary CgA measurements may be useful as an objective assessment of patient stress. PMID: 28406540 cardiac atria express but do not secrete CgA into circulation in patients with atrial disease PMID: 28685598 These results suggest that circulating full-length CgA is an important inhibitor of angiogenesis and tumor growth, and that cleavage of its C-terminal region markedly reduces its activity. Pathophysiological changes in CgA blood levels and/or its fragmentation might regulate disease progression in cancer patients. PMID: 27683038 Results show that chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients had increased plasma levels of chromogranin A (CgA), compared to normal subjects, particularly those >70-year-old or those treated with proton pump inhibitors. PMID: 27203389 The authors show that CHGA-415 T/C polymorphism is an independent risk factor of poor prognosis in critically ill patients PMID: 28254729 Concurrent increases in plasma BNP (B-type natriuretic peptide) and CST levels predicted the highest risk for both all-cause and cardiac deaths in chronic heart failure patients. PMID: 27771336 Full-length CgA is an independent indicator of atherosclerotic plaques in carotid artery stenosis. PMID: 28190616 Even a single baseline measurement of CgA can be useful in establishing prognosis in this group, if this parameter exceeds its upper normal limit more than tenfold. PMID: 28095720 Compared with chromogranin A, chromogranin B may be more useful during proton pump inhibitor treatment and can detect tumors without liver metastases. PMID: 28334992 Salivary impairments and high levels of CHGA are associated with T2DM patients. In addition, CGHA polymorphisms might be associated with salivary gland hypofunction and higher salivary CHGA production in T2DM patients. This could be a significant insight to establish a role for salivary CHGA as a potential clinical biomarker to T2DM. PMID: 26750135 we could provide evidence that established stress-related biomarkers ET-1, MCP-1, CGA were differentially regulated among patients with AF compared to healthy controls. PMID: 28886122 Combined plasma CgA concentrations and World Health Organization grading may assist in better stratification of PNET patients in terms of the risk of recurrence. PMID: 28043759 Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients with an early high CGA rise may demonstrate a subgroup with poor outcome due to underlying small cell/neuroendocrine cell transformation. PMID: 28870943 genetic association studies in population in India: Data suggest that common polymorphisms (SNPs) in CHGA promoter are associated with cardiometabolic disorders; c-Rel has a role in activating CHGA promoter haplotype 2 (variant T alleles at -1018 and -57 bp) under basal and pathophysiological conditions. (CHGA = chromogranin A; c-Rel = c-Rel proto-oncogene protein) PMID: 28667172 Multivariate analyses of nonfunctional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor patients with both grade and CgA recorded found poorly differentiated tumors and very high CgA negatively impacted survival. PMID: 28501118 High chromogranin A expression is associated with neuroendocrine differentiation in colorectal cancer. PMID: 28351413 Catestatin Gly364Ser Variant Alters Systemic Blood Pressure and the Risk for Hypertension in Human Populations via Endothelial Nitric Oxide Pathway. PMID: 27324226 Plasma catestatin was associated with coronary collateral developments, suggesting a useful biomarker for coronary collateral development and potential target for therapeutic angiogenesis in patients with coronary artery chronic total occlusions (CTO). PMID: 27304618 Increased myocardial CgA glycosylation and impaired CgA processing to catestatin in heart failure be considered detrimental because CST reduces diastolic Ca2+ leak via direct CaMKIIdelta inhibition. PMID: 28209766 Data suggest pancreastatin, a 49 residue post-translational fragment of chromogranin A, as a routinely tested biomarker in neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) and in particular small bowel NET. PMID: 26684860 Data indicate that measurement of chromogranin A (CgA) alone is sufficient in the management of patients with neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) and that routine additional measurement of chromogranin B (CgB) provides little added value. PMID: 26608723 Data show that chrysin suppressed cell proliferation and reducing expression of achaete-scute complex-like 1 (ASCL1) and the neuroendocrine biomarker chromogranin A (CgA). PMID: 26403073 In a Japanese population, the Ser-364 allele was associated with elevated systolic blood pressure and pulse pressure, consistent with increased arterial stiffness. PMID: 26211667 ChrA levels were not effective in predicting outcomes or detecting recurrences of Merkel cell carcinoma. PMID: 26299616 Decreased CSF levels of chromogranin A were found in Parkinson disease patients with orthostatic hypotension. PMID: 26359267 In both mice and men the Gly364Ser polymorphism conferred metabolic traits such as elevated HDL and lowered norepinephrine levels; it was associated with superior baroreflex function and therefore better response to stress. PMID: 26556564 In patients with resected pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, an elevated preoperative CgA level was negatively associated with disease-free survival and overall survival. PMID: 26850182 In astrocytes from multiple sclerosis white matter lesions the expression of chromogranin A is increased. PMID: 26683597 Receiver operating characteristic analyses showed that ChgA autoantibodies are valuable in the predictive diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), suggesting that serum autoantibodies to ChgA-derived peptides are promising novel markers of NSCLC PMID: 26186986 Diagnostic value of circulating chromogranin a for neuroendocrine tumors PMID: 25894842 Data indicate that ADP-ribosylation factor 1 (Arf1) colocalizes with chromogranin A and regulates secretion of insulin like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and is required for anchorage dependent growth. PMID: 25754106 catestatin plays an important role in the progress of acute myocardial infarction PMID: 25848973 The CHGA 3'-UTR C+87T disrupts an miR-107 motif, with differential effects on CHGA expression, and a cis:trans (mRNA:miR) interaction regulates the association of CHGA with BP and hypertensive nephropathy. PMID: 25392232 Chromogranin A measurements are significantly assay-dependent and caution should be applied in the interpretation of CgA measurement for assessment of neuroendocrine tumor status. PMID: 25532001 Chromogranin A (10-19) and chromogranin A (43-52) were identified as antigens for autoreactive CD8(+) T cells in Type 1 diabetes patients. PMID: 25958206 Vasoconstriction-Inhibiting Factor (VIF), a degradation product of chromogranin A, is a vasoregulatory peptide that modulates the vasoconstrictive effects of angiotensin II by acting on the angiotensin II type 2 receptor. PMID: 25810338 Patients with irritable bowel syndrome present a low density of CgA compared with controls. PMID: 25174455 Report QT/heart rate variability in a genomically "humanized" chromogranin a monogenic mouse model with hyperadrenergic hypertension. PMID: 24821335 Report fast and reliable measurement of chromogranin A with automated KRYPTOR assay. PMID: 25651748 The study shows that chromogranin A is a useful marker for diagnosing pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNET) in Japanese populations and for distinguishing patients with pNET from patients with other pancreatic diseases. PMID: 25220535 reliable pathologic and circulating maker for diagnosis of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm PMID: 25501094 a model to explain how the chromogranin A/Catecholamine complex governs the accumulation and exocytosis of secreted amines PMID: 25077558 High serum Chromogranin A levels are associated with low response to chemotherapy in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. PMID: 24741024 Elevated plasma catestatin levels are predictive of malignant arrhythmia in patients with acute myocardial infarction. PMID: 24631953 Letter: report diagnostic role of chromogranin A immunohistochemistry in hyalinizing trabecular tumor of the thyroid. PMID: 25012947 High serum Chromogranin A levels are associated with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. PMID: 25099181

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

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