Recombinant Human Choline O-Acetyltransferase (CHAT) Protein (His&Myc)

Name: Recombinant Human Choline O-Acetyltransferase (CHAT) Protein (His&Myc)
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BLC-01577P
Availability: InStock

Greater than 85% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

Collections: All products, High-quality recombinant proteins, Other recombinant proteins

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Product Overview

Description	Recombinant Human Choline O-Acetyltransferase (CHAT) Protein (His&Myc) is produced by our E.coli expression system. This is a protein fragment.
Purity	Greater than 85% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
Uniprotkb	P28329
Target Symbol	CHAT
Synonyms	CHOACTase;ChAT;Choline acetylase
Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
Expression System	E.coli
Tag	N-10His&C-Myc
Target Protein Sequence	AAKTPSSEESGLPKLPVPPLQQTLATYLQCMRHLVSEEQFRKSQAIVQQFGAPGGLGETLQQKLLERQEKTANWVSEYWLNDMYLNNRLALPVNSSPAVIFARQHFPGTDDQLRFAASLISGVLSYKALLDSHSIPTDCAKGQLSGQPLCMKQYYGLFSSYRLPGHTQDTLVAQNSSIMPEPEHVIVACCNQFFVLDVVINFRRLSEGDLFTQLRKIVKMASNEDERLPPIGLLTSDGRSEWAEARTVLVKDSTNRDSLDMIERCICLVCLDAPGGVELSDTHRALQLLHGGGYSKNGANRWYDKSLQFVVGRDGTCGVVCEHSPFDGIVLVQCTEHLLKHVTQSSRKLIRADSVSELPAPRRLRWKCSPEIQGHLASSAEKLQRIVKNLDFIVYKFDNYGKTFIKKQKCSPDAFIQVALQLAFYRLHRRLVPTYESASIRRFQEGRVDNIRSATPEALAFVRAVTDHKAAVPASEKLLLLKDAIRAQTAYTVMAITGMAIDNHLLALRELARAMCKELPEMFMDETYLMSNRFVLSTSQVPTTTEMFCCYGPVVPNGYGACYNPQPETILFCISSFHSCKETSSSKFAKAVEESLIDMRDLCSLLPPTESKPL
Expression Range	120-733aa
Protein Length	Partial
Mol. Weight	76.1 kDa
Research Area	Neuroscience
Form	Liquid or Lyophilized powder
Buffer	Liquid form: default storage buffer is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 5%-50% glycerol. Lyophilized powder form: the buffer before lyophilization is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 6% Trehalose, pH 8.0.
Reconstitution	Briefly centrifuged the vial prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Reconstitute protein in deionized sterile water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL. It is recommended to add 5-50% of glycerol (final concentration) and aliquot for long-term storage at -20°C/-80°C. The default final concentration of glycerol is 50%.
Storage	1. Store at -20°C/-80°C upon receipt, aliquoting is necessary for mutiple use. 2. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. 3. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week. 4. In general, protein in liquid form is stable for up to 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. Protein in lyophilized powder form is stable for up to 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.
Notes	Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week.

Target Details

Target Function	Catalyzes the reversible synthesis of acetylcholine (ACh) from acetyl CoA and choline at cholinergic synapses.
Protein Families	Carnitine/choline acetyltransferase family
Database References	HGNC: 1912 OMIM: 118490 KEGG: hsa:1103 STRING: 9606.ENSP00000337103 UniGene: PMID: 29759072 Compared with the control group, the densitometric quantification and mean density of GPR43 and ChAT proteins, and expression of GPR43 and CHAT genes, were significantly decreased in the patients with mixed refractory constipation. PMID: 26921846 meta-analysis suggested that rs1880670G/A, and rs2177369 G/A polymorphisms were not risk factors for Alzheimer's Disease. However, rs3810950G/A, or rs868750G/A genetic polymorphism was a genetic risk factor for the development of Alzheimer's Disease. PMID: 27390868 Results suggest that SATB1 is activated to bind to chromatin at S/MARs after exposure to Abeta 1-42, resulting in alternative utilization and movement of 82-kDa ChAT to these regions demonstrating that both proteins play critical roles in the response of neural cells to acute Abeta-exposure. PMID: 27052102 We conducted a meta-analysis of studies involving CHAT, TFAM, and VR22 polymorphisms and Alzheimer disease susceptibility.For CHAT, rs2177369 (G>A) in whites and rs3810950 (G>A) in Asians were found to be associated with AD susceptibility. No association was detected between rs1880676 and rs868750 and AD risk. PMID: 27272392 In conclusion, our meta-analysis indicated CHAT rs2177369 polymorphism might play a protective role in AD, while rs3810950 variant was a risk factor for AD but its single heterozygous mutations might not influence susceptibility to AD. PMID: 27597977 Two novel CHAT gene mutations, p.Val306Leu and p.Ser704del were detected in an ethnic Kadazandusan family with congenital myasthenic syndrome. PMID: 26789281 sequence variants of CHAT were associated with human cognitive ability in not only patients with psychiatric disorders but also normal healthy individuals PMID: 26854842 There is a striking variability in the severity of phenotypes resulting from mutations in CHAT, which is the only gene so far known to be linked with congenital deficiency of ACh synthesis. PMID: 26080897 Data show thata the expression of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) is reduced in the postmortem alcoholic basal forebrain in comparison to moderate drinking controls. PMID: 25405505 This study confirmed that genetic polymorphism of CHAT has an influence on drug response in Alzheimer's disease. PMID: 25730470 These studies indicate a novel relationship between cholinergic neurons and APP processing, with 82-kDa ChAT acting as a negative regulator of Abeta production PMID: 24844149 The results demonstrate that human NSCs over-expressing ChAT improve cognitive function and physical activity of aging mice. PMID: 23731954 rs1880676 is functional and the allelic variations of this polymorphism are involved in developing nicotine dependence by altering ChAT expression. PMID: 24076142 There was a loss of choline O-acetyltransferase in the visual cortex of dementia with Lewy bodies patients. PMID: 23242284 There were CHAT mRNA reactions in the synovial lining layer in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. PMID: 22483691 In airway epithelial cells anti-CHAT immunogold was found particularly within the apical cell membrane, cilia, submucosa, cytosol and nuclear membrane. PMID: 22683430 Data from transgenic mice expressing human CHAT in brain neurons suggest that CHAT is important in maintaining memory and learning throughout life. PMID: 22449376 [review] The peripheral type of ChAT appears to be a reliable marker for the visualization of peripheral cholinergic neurons and their processes, whereas other conventional markers including the common ChAT have not been used successfully for it. PMID: 21382474 The CHAT A/A genotype was associated with earlier onset of Alzheimer disease. PMID: 21602657 the functional consequences of 12 missense and one nonsense mutations of CHAT in 11 patients. ( choline acetyltransferase) PMID: 21786365 Multiple abnormalities with intellectual and developmental disability result from recurrent deletions and reciprocal duplications of 10q11.21q11.23 including CHAT and SLC18A3. PMID: 21948486 The ChAT rs3810950 A allele was found to be associated with a decrease cognitive status evaluated by a five-component cognitive composite score PMID: 21883924 Multiple sclerosis hippocampus, activity and protein expression of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), the acetylcholine synthesizing enzyme, was decreased, while the activity and protein expression of acetylcholinesterase PMID: 21691765 The data of this study did not seem to support a major role for CHAT genetic variation in geriatric depression and Alzheimer's disease , there might be a minor contribution in geriatric patients with depression. PMID: 21507424 overexpressed ChAT enhanced transcription of the CHT1 gene but not the VACHT gene PMID: 21163949 residues M84, Y436, and Y552 play a critical role in binding and holding the choline substrate in the ChAT active site. PMID: 20560540 Although the effect sizes in both cohorts are modest, converging data across cohorts and phenotypes suggest that ChAT may be involved in nicotine dependence and ability to quit smoking. PMID: 20147892 Replication and association of CHAT with nicotine dependence in European and African American smokers are reported. PMID: 20383528 the acquisition of neurotransmitter phenotype is epigenetically, at least the hyper-acetylation on the core promoter region of ChAT gene, regulated in NG108-15 neuronal cells PMID: 20100532 Results suggest that c-Myb and C/EBPbeta act synergistically to increase choline acetyltransferase gene transcription in the nervous system. PMID: 12393272 A G-to-A polymorphism detected in the first coding exon of the ChAT sequence may result in attenuated translation efficiency of ChAT mRNA and confer an increased risk for deterioration of memory and cognition functions in Alzheimer's disease. PMID: 12401548 we identified a novel missense mutation (I336T) in the CHAT gene homozygously in all three patients. Haplotype analysis revealed that the mutant allele cosegregates with the clinical phenotype in both families. PMID: 12609506 the wide existence of ChAT in human endothelial cells PMID: 12628465 identification of a novel nuclear localization signal common to 69- and 82-kDa isoforms PMID: 12637523 Levels of linkage disequilibrium were generally low across the CHAT locus but two of the coding variants, D7N and A120T, proved to be in complete linkage disequilibrium (late-onset Alzheimer disease). PMID: 12759818 previously identified polymorphism in choline acetyltransferase is not associated with Alzheimer's disease PMID: 12770689 Choline acetyltransferase neurons in the human parietal neocortex, strongly supports the existence of intrinsic cholinergic innervation of the human neocortex PMID: 14514417 ChAT is differentially phosphorylated by protein kinase C isoforms on four serines (Ser-440, Ser-346, Ser-347, and Ser-476) and one threonine (Thr-255) PMID: 15381704 These findings show that significant thalamic presynaptic cholinergic deficits occur only in cases of combined cortical and subcortical neurodegeneration in which dementia developed after prolonged parkinsonism. PMID: 15913843 one SNP, rs733722, in a promoter region of CHAT, is associated with response of AD patients to cholinesterase inhibitors PMID: 16424819 No relationship between pattern of cholinergic deficits and distribution pattern of lesions in amygdala of patients with Alzheimer's disease or dementia with Lewy bodies. PMID: 16468020 There is considerable effect of the ChAT polymorphisms on Alzheimer's disease in Korean population and this effect is dependent on apolipoprotein E genotypes PMID: 16480703 Structure of human ChAT to a resolution of 2.2 A along with structures for binary complexes of ChAT with choline, coenzyme A and a nonhydrolyzable acetyl-CoA analogue. PMID: 17144655 This multiplex PCR technique can be carried out in a single tube and can differentiate between the three polymorphic sites of this gene associated with Alzheimer's disease. PMID: 17378730 ChAT, polymorphisms do not constitute a major genetic risk factor for susceptibility to Alzheimer's disease in a Sardinian population. PMID: 17503475 findings tentatively implicate a genetic influence of ChAt in the disorder's susceptibility. PMID: 17503482 From a panel of 59 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located on 11 candidate genes, we identify four SNPs (one each on CHRNA5 and CHRNA2 and two on CHAT) that appear to have pharmacogenetic relevance in smokin cessation therapy. PMID: 18165968 Alzheimer's disease nucleus basalis forebrain neurons, hyperinnervated by galanin, displays a significant upregulation in choline acetyltransferase. PMID: 18322398 These results indicate that basal forebrain cholinergic neuron abnormalities are present very early in aging and in the course of Alzheimer disease. PMID: 18379437

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

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