Recombinant Human Cd59 Glycoprotein (CD59) Protein (GST)

Name: Recombinant Human Cd59 Glycoprotein (CD59) Protein (GST)
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BLC-04409P
Availability: InStock

Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

Based on the SEQUEST from database of E.coli host and target protein, the LC-MS/MS Analysis result of this product could indicate that this peptide derived from E.coli-expressed Homo sapiens (Human) CD59.

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Product Overview

Description	Recombinant Human Cd59 Glycoprotein (CD59) Protein (GST) is produced by our E.coli expression system. This is a full length protein.
Purity	Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
Uniprotkb	P13987
Target Symbol	CD59
Synonyms	16.3A5; 1F5 ; 1F5 antigen; 20 kDa homologous restriction factor; CD 59; CD_antigen=CD59; CD59; CD59 antigen; CD59 antigen complement regulatory protein ; CD59 antigen p18 20 ; CD59 antigen p18-20 (antigen identified by monoclonal antibodies 16.3A5; EJ16; EJ30; EL32 and G344); CD59 glycoprotein; CD59 molecule; CD59 molecule complement regulatory protein; CD59_HUMAN; Cd59a; Complement regulatory protein; EJ16; EJ30; EL32; FLJ38134; FLJ92039; G344; HRF 20; HRF-20; HRF20; Human leukocyte antigen MIC11 ; Ly 6 like protein ; Lymphocytic antigen CD59/MEM43 ; MAC inhibitory protein; MAC IP; MAC-inhibitory protein; MAC-IP; MACIF; MACIP; MEM43; MEM43 antigen; Membrane attack complex (MAC) inhibition factor ; Membrane attack complex inhibition factor; Membrane inhibitor of reactive lysis; MGC2354; MIC11; MIN1; MIN2; MIN3; MIRL; MSK21; p18 20; Protectin; Surface antigen recognized by monoclonal 16.3A5; T cell activating protein
Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
Expression System	E.coli
Tag	N-GST
Target Protein Sequence	LQCYNCPNPTADCKTAVNCSSDFDACLITKAGLQVYNKCWKFEHCNFNDVTTRLRENELTYYCCKKDLCNFNEQLEN
Expression Range	26-102aa
Protein Length	Full Length of Mature Protein
Mol. Weight	36.0kDa
Research Area	Cardiovascular
Form	Liquid or Lyophilized powder
Buffer	Liquid form: default storage buffer is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 5%-50% glycerol. Lyophilized powder form: the buffer before lyophilization is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 6% Trehalose, pH 8.0.
Reconstitution	Briefly centrifuged the vial prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Reconstitute protein in deionized sterile water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL. It is recommended to add 5-50% of glycerol (final concentration) and aliquot for long-term storage at -20°C/-80°C. The default final concentration of glycerol is 50%.
Storage	1. Store at -20°C/-80°C upon receipt, aliquoting is necessary for mutiple use. 2. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. 3. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week. 4. In general, protein in liquid form is stable for up to 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. Protein in lyophilized powder form is stable for up to 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.
Notes	Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week.

Target Details

Target Function	Potent inhibitor of the complement membrane attack complex (MAC) action. Acts by binding to the C8 and/or C9 complements of the assembling MAC, thereby preventing incorporation of the multiple copies of C9 required for complete formation of the osmolytic pore. This inhibitor appears to be species-specific. Involved in signal transduction for T-cell activation complexed to a protein tyrosine kinase.; The soluble form from urine retains its specific complement binding activity, but exhibits greatly reduced ability to inhibit MAC assembly on cell membranes.
Subcellular Location	Cell membrane; Lipid-anchor, GPI-anchor. Secreted. Note=Soluble form found in a number of tissues.
Database References	HGNC: 1689 OMIM: 107271 KEGG: hsa:966 STRING: 9606.ENSP00000340210 UniGene: PMID: 29693588 Nonfunctioning CD59 is a major risk factor for stroke and hypercoagulability. PMID: 29929138 Therapeutic strategies that seek to modulate the functions of CD59 in the tumor microenvironment could be a promising direction for tumor immunotherapy. PMID: 29521526 This study demonstrated that Diffuse microvascular C5b-9 deposition is a common feature in muscle and nerve biopsies from diabetic patients. PMID: 29458425 Movement of Domain 2 with respect to Domain 3 of ILY is essential for forming a late prepore intermediate that releases CD59, while the role of cholesterol may be limited to insertion of the transmembrane segments. Together these data define a structural timeline for ILY pore formation and suggest a mechanism that is relevant to understanding other pore-forming toxins that also require CD59. PMID: 27910935 CD59 polymorphisms are associated with gene expression and different sexual susceptibility to pemphigus foliaceus in the Brazilian patients. PMID: 28534443 we demonstrated that CD59 regulation by SOX2 is required for stem cell evasion of complement surveillance. This finding highlights the importance of complement surveillance in eliminating CSCs and may suggest CD59 as a potential target for cancer therapy. PMID: 28017655 The results indicate that shear stress is an important mediator in endothelial progenitor cells expression of CD59 regulated by the extacellular matrix-integrin alphaVbeta3-F-actin pathway, which is a key factor in preventing membrane attack complex-mediated cell autolysis. PMID: 28943429 Data show that following 4 patients with CD59 Cys89Tyr mutations who are treated with eculizumab, no strokes occurred and non-permanent neurological insults underwent resolution without any new neurological exacerbations. PMID: 28622911 our results indicate that the Lys(41) /His(44) glycation motif in human CD59 may confer humans a higher risk of developing vascular disease in response to hyperglycemia. PMID: 28815695 Structural basis for receptor recognition by the human CD59-responsive cholesterol-dependent cytolysins has been presented. PMID: 27499440 developed a model of conditional and targeted cell ablation by generating floxed STOP-CD59 knockin mice (ihCD59), in which expression of human CD59 only occurs after Cre-mediated recombination PMID: 27159394 Our results revealed that SNPs CD59-rs831626 and CFH-rs1065489 were associated with the susceptibility of acute anterior uveitis. PMID: 27419833 Novel disorder caused by CD59 deficiency or nonfunctional CD59 at the cell membrane presenting with symptoms characteristic of classical GBS or CIDP. PMID: 27568864 Single-fluorescent-molecule imaging in the live-cell plasma membrane revealed the clear but transient colocalization and codiffusion of fluorescent ganglioside analogs with a fluorescently labeled glycosylphosphatidylinisotol (GPI)-anchored protein, human CD59, with lifetimes of 12 ms for CD59 monomers, 40 ms for CD59's transient homodimer rafts in quiescent cells. PMID: 27043189 There is an altered pattern of CD55 and CD59 expression on RBCs of SCD Patients; however, it does not seem to play a causal role in the pathophysiology of anemia, and is unlikely to be influenced by the level of erythropoietin or other inflammatory mediators. PMID: 27667587 Study revealed that CD59 is overexpressed in breast cancer tumors and correlates with poor survival. PMID: 26935178 A Promoter Polymorphism in the CD59 Gene in Donor Lungs Correlates With a Higher Risk for Chronic Rejection After Lung Transplantation. PMID: 26517734 Urinary CD59 and alpha-1 antitrypsin are significantly altered in hypertensive patients developing albuminuria. PMID: 26772976 levels of CSF CD59 in neuromyelitis optica and multiple sclerosis PMID: 26686775 Increased internalization of endothelial CD59 in intermittent hypoxia appeared to be cholesterol-dependent and was reversed by statins in a CD59-dependent manner. PMID: 26738794 Low urine CD59 expression is associated with clear cell renal cell carcinoma. PMID: 26420021 Decreased CD59 expression in threatened miscarriage at late gestational ages leads to additional activation of a maternal immune response and serves as a possible predictor for premature birth. PMID: 26978230 Data show that the palmitoylation mutation of linker for activation of T cells (LAT)attenuated the signal transduction induced by glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored CD59 antigen in T cells. PMID: 26271970 After blockage of CD59 function, the reactive Abs, regardless of their neutralizing activities, significantly enhanced specific ADCML of HIV-1 virions PMID: 26136568 Genetic risk at the CFH-to-F13B locus was associated with higher levels of complement activation at the human macular RPE-choroid interface, as was cigarette smoking. Levels of CRP were substantially elevated in risk donors with smoking history. PMID: 26218915 A primary homozygous Cys89Tyr CD59 deficiency in humans resulted in the amino acid substitution p.Cys89Tyr with ensuing failure of proper localization of the CD59 protein to the cell surface. (Review) PMID: 25818314 Increased CD59 protein expression is associated with the outcome of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma treated with R-CHOP antineoplastic protocol. PMID: 24924474 Data suggest that microRNA-224 directly down-regulates CD59 antigen expression in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma by binding to CD59 3'-untranslated region. PMID: 25146331 Expression of membrane complement regulators, CD46, CD55 and CD59, in mesothelial cells of patients on peritoneal dialysis therapy. PMID: 25725314 The presence of CD55- and/or CD59-deficient erythrocytic populations in patients with rheumatic diseases reflects an immune-mediated bone-marrow derived phenomenon. PMID: 24463881 Provirus activation plus CD59 blockage triggers antibody-dependent complement-mediated lysis of latently HIV-1-infected cells. PMID: 25149467 Data indicate that down-regulation of CD59 expression could inhibit HeLa cells' proliferation and promote apoptosis, and the inhibitory effect of peptide seal was better than that of CD59 interference plasmid. PMID: 24909278 The expression levels of CD46, CD55, and CD59 were significantly higher in colon cancer tissues compared with the normal adjacent colon tissues. PMID: 24978917 this study observed robust relationships between a single measurement of blood levels of GCD59 and both acute (2-hour OGTT) and chronic (HbA1c) measures of glucose handling. PMID: 24628556 Hemolytic uremic syndrome evolved independently from CD55 and CD59 expression on peripheral blood cells in enteroaggregative E.coli O104:H4 infected patients. PMID: 24086391 Data suggest that CD59 gene might be a genetic locus for the therapy of atherosclerosis. PMID: 24084445 We found that CD46 and CD59 were decreased in retinal pigment epithelium cells in part, by their release in exosomes and apoptotic particles. PMID: 24664706 Use of AAV2/8-sCD59 warrants further exploration as a potential therapy for advanced stages of diabetic retinopathy PMID: 24167638 Sp1 may regulate the expression of CD59, whereas CREB-binding protein (CBP)/p300 bridge NF-kappaB and CREB, which functions as an enhancer-binding protein to induce the up-regulation of CD59 during in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-triggered complement activation. PMID: 24338025 CD59 silencing in NSCLC cancer cells via retrovirus-mediated RNAi can enhance complement-mediated cell apoptosis, inhibiting the growth of NSCLC. CD59 may serve as a potential target for gene therapy in NSCLC PMID: 23835643 mutation of palmitoylation site of LAT-EGFP attenuated the signal transduction of CD59 in T cells PMID: 24200054 The primary CD59-ILY binding site is composed of a side-to-side contact between the beta hairpin extension of ILY D4 and the core beta sheet of CD59. PMID: 23665225 Data show that increased CD35, CD46, CD55 and CD59 on neutrophils and monocytes present potent markers of bacterial infection and viral infection. PMID: 23376460 Hematology and diabetes: from hemoglobin A1c to CD59 glycation. PMID: 23757192 a novel, sensitive, and specific ELISA for measuring GCD59 in blood. The assay distinguished individuals with diabetes from those without, and showed strong correlation between GCD59 and HbA1c. PMID: 23670858 CD59 was a type of membrane-bound protein, CD59 and Cbp played synergistic roles in cell activation and proliferation. PMID: 23746236 HCV incorporates selectively CD59, but not CD46 or CD55, in its envelope to gain resistance to CML in serum of infected individuals PMID: 23049856 A Cys89Tyr mutation is associated with improper cell-surface localization of CD59. This mutation is manifested clinically in infancy by chronic hemolysis & relapsing peripheral demyelinating disease. PMID: 23149847 findings demonstrated that decreased CD59 expression on T cells significantly enhanced activation and proliferation of CD4( ) T cells and CD8( ) T cells; data support that CD59 down-regulates antigen-specific activation of T lymphocytes in a ligand-dependent manner PMID: 22480874

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

To learn more about how to properly dissolve the lyophilized recombinant protein, please visit Lyophilization FAQs.