Recombinant Human CCL2 Protein

Name: Recombinant Human CCL2 Protein
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BL-1933NP
Price: 368.0 USD
Availability: InStock

BL-1933NP: Greater than 95% as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE. (QC verified)

Collections: Antibody / cell therapy targets, Antibody therapeutic / adc target proteins, Chemokines and receptors, Cytokines, Cytokines and growth factors, Recombinant proteins

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Product Overview

Description	Recombinant Human C-C Motif Chemokine 2 is produced by our E.coli expression system and the target gene encoding Gln24-Thr99 is expressed.
Accession	P13500
Synonym	C-C motif chemokine 2; HC11; Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1; Monocyte chemotactic and activating factor; MCAF; Monocyte chemotactic protein 1; MCP-1; Monocyte secretory protein JE; Small-inducible cytokine A2; CCL2
Gene Background	The chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2), also known as monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 and small inducible cytokine A2 (SCYA2)), is a small cytokine that belongs to the CC chemokine family responsible for monocyte attraction. Its cognate receptor, CCR2, play a critical role in regulating nociceptive processes during neuropathic pain. Both CCL2 and CCR2 are implicated in induction of autoimmunity. CCL2 recruits monocytes, memory T cells, and dendritic cells to the sites of inflammation produced by either tissue injury or infection. Recently research also showed that CCL2 might be useful as a biomarker of fibrosis as well as a target for therapeutic intervention.
Molecular Mass	8.7 KDa
Apmol Mass	13 KDa, reducing conditions
Formulation	Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution of 20mM PB, 6% Sucrose, 4% Mannitol, 0.05% Tween 80, pH6.0.
Endotoxin	Less than 0.1 ng/µg (1 EU/µg) as determined by LAL test.
Purity	Greater than 95% as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE. (QC verified)
Biological Activity	Not tested
Reconstitution	Always centrifuge tubes before opening.Do not mix by vortex or pipetting.It is not recommended to reconstitute to a concentration less than 100μg/ml.Dissolve the lyophilized protein in distilled water.Please aliquot the reconstituted solution to minimize freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage	Lyophilized protein should be stored at ≤ -20°C, stable for one year after receipt.Reconstituted protein solution can be stored at 2-8°C for 2-7 days.Aliquots of reconstituted samples are stable at ≤ -20°C for 3 months.
Shipping	The product is shipped at ambient temperature.Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature listed below.
Usage	For Research Use Only

Target Details

Target Function	Acts as a ligand for C-C chemokine receptor CCR2. Signals through binding and activation of CCR2 and induces a strong chemotactic response and mobilization of intracellular calcium ions. Exhibits a chemotactic activity for monocytes and basophils but not neutrophils or eosinophils. May be involved in the recruitment of monocytes into the arterial wall during the disease process of atherosclerosis.
Subcellular Location	Secreted.
Protein Families	Intercrine beta (chemokine CC) family
Database References	HGNC: 10618 OMIM: 158105 KEGG: hsa:6347 STRING: 9606.ENSP00000225831 UniGene: Hs.303649
Tissue Specificity	Expressed in the seminal plasma, endometrial fluid and follicular fluid (at protein level). Expressed in monocytes.

Gene Functions References

The expression of CX3CL1 and capital EM, Cyrilliccapital ES, Cyrilliccapital ER, Cyrillic-1 affect vital pulmonary capacity and forced expiratory volume in patients with asthma complicated by diabetes mellitus type 2. PMID: 29461240
Aberrant histone modifications, including acetylation and tri-methylation, were found both in global histone and specific MCP-1 gene locos in monocytes from patients with coronary artery disease PMID: 29609686
Alzheimer disease patients had higher plasma MCP-1 levels compared with mild cognitive impairment patients and controls, and severe AD patients had the highest levels. PMID: 29352259
CCL2 played important roles in regulating platelet function and arterial thrombosis through the PKCalpha-P38MAPK-HSP27 pathway. PMID: 29864522
Studied role of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in migration of monocytes and lymphocytes during nickel induced contact hypersensitivity. PMID: 29132256
High chemokine CCL2 expression is associated with colorectal cancer. PMID: 30419802
NOX4 is induced in early alcoholic liver injury and regulates CCR2/CCL2 mRNA stability thereby promoting recruitment of inflammatory cells and production of proinflammatory cytokines. PMID: 28383062
study confirmed the connection between high uMCP-1 levels and poor prognosis and also disease activity in antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody-Associated Vasculitis (AAV); it also suggests an association of the A/A genotype at position -2518 in the MCP-1 gene and poor prognosis in AAV PMID: 29720895
Given that IL-8, MIP-1beta, and MCP-1 are chemokines that play important roles in recruitment of immunocompetent cells for immune defense and tumor cell clearance, the observed lower levels of these markers with increasing PM2.5 exposure may provide insight into the mechanism by which DEE promotes lung cancer. PMID: 29023999
In lupus nephritis, urinary MCP-1 and TWEAK possess higher correlation coefficients with renal damage and larger areas under ROC curves than other markers for rapid discrimination of severe disease. PMID: 29451067
We propose that endogenous gC1qR/p33 physically interacts with MCP-1 causing stabilization of the MCP-1 protein and stimulation of its activity in human periodontal ligament cells, suggesting a novel gC1qR/p33-mediated pro-inflammatory mechanism of action. PMID: 29358188
berberine inhibited the expression of MCP-1 and IL-8 induced by LPS. PMID: 28852897
In Colombian systemic lupus erythematosus patients, urinary NGAL and MCP-1 in addition to anti-C1q antibodies were useful biomarkers for the identification of renal involvement and discrimination of active lupus nephritis. PMID: 29073812
These results provide evidence that necrotic cells induce the expression of CCL2/MCP-1 and CCL20/MIP-3alpha in glioblastoma cells through activation of NF-kappaB and AP-1 and facilitate the infiltration of microglia into tumor tissues. PMID: 30048972
Serum CCL2 and sICAM-1 concentrations were significantly decreased in CNS tumors in comparison with the comparative group. Among proteins tested in the serum, a higher area under the ROC curve (AUC) revealed CCL2 compared to sICAM-1 in differentiating subjects with CNS brain tumors from non-tumoral subjects. PMID: 29086194
MCP-1 -2518 genotype may influence the outcome of nonsurgical periodontal treatment in aggressive periodontitis patients. PMID: 28427824
Study describes how cysteine-rich 61 (CCN1) promotes monocyte migration by upregulating monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (CCL2) expression in osteoblasts in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) disease. CCN1 could serve as a potential target for RA treatment. PMID: 28341837
The MCP-1 concentration was positively correlated with blood pressure among smokers. PMID: 29098933
CCL2-2518A/G (rs1024611) polymorphism is significantly associated with risk of gynecological cancer. PMID: 29458367
High MCP1 expression is associated with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. PMID: 29205349
Results provide evidence for MCP-1 involvement in the development of PVVs and indicate that inflammation could be implicated in the pathogenesis of this condition. PMID: 28623996
Study found that the activation of CCR2 by its ligand CCL2 increased the expression of SMO and Gli-1, resulting in Hh pathway activation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and hepatocellular carcinoma cell invasion. PMID: 29115520
these findings collectively indicate that TGF-beta regulates CCL2 expression in a stage-dependent manner during breast cancer progression PMID: 29107385
Individuals with rs1024611 AG and GG genotypes exhibited significantly higher susceptibility to Diabetic Foot Ulcers. PMID: 29995756
REVIEW: regulation and importance of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 PMID: 28914666
this study shows that CCL2 promoter hypomethylation is associated with gout risk in Chinese Han male population PMID: 28690186
Results showed that both heterozygous and homozygous genotypes are associated with age-related macular degeneration pathology. Allele frequency analysis showed that 'G' allele is frequent in AMD patients as compared to controls PMID: 29664944
Oxidative stress markers in the pregestational period did not have a predictive value in the recurrent pregnancy loss and repeated implantation failure . CCL2 might be useful in risk prediction PMID: 28707148
Distributions of MCP-1 -2518A/G and VEGF -634C/G polymorphisms are significantly different between type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetic foot ulcer patients PMID: 29901584
In multivariate analysis, the IL1B rs16944 TT and TNF rs1799964 TC genotypes were significantly associated with intrauterine cytomegalovirus infection. Twenty-two out of 72 congenitally infected newborns had confirmed sensorineural hearing loss. Carriers of CT or TT genotype of CCL2 rs13900 had increased risk of hearing loss at birth and at 6 months of age. PMID: 28501927
Effective IL1beta and CCL2 antagonists are currently in clinical review to treat benign inflammatory disease, and their transition to the cancer clinic could have a rapid impact PMID: 28790030
The genotype and allele frequencies between groups did not show significant differences. However, the GG genotype was the most frequent in children with insulin resistance. The GG genotype was associated with insulin resistance (OR = 2.2, P = 0.03) in a genetic model. Conclusion The -2518 A>G MCP-1 gene polymorphism may be related to the development of insulin resistance in Mexican children. PMID: 29694633
the results of the present study confirmed CCL2 as a direct target of miR-206, and showed that the upregulation of CCL2 caused by the downregulation of miR-206 was responsible for the development of severe HEV71 encephalitis. PMID: 28765968
data disclose the complexity of MCP-1 regulation upon CHIKV infection and point to a crucial role of IFNbeta in the chemokine secretion. PMID: 27558873
The study suggests that MCP-1 (-2518A>G) AG genotype and G allele could be considered as risk factors for susceptibility to ovarian cancer. PMID: 28886321
use of MCP-1/IL-10 ratio in combination with ultrasound findings appears to provide a promising modality for predicting preeclampsia PMID: 28038968
It can be concluded that MCP-1 and CCR2 polymorphisms are not associated with AgP in Turkish population. PMID: 28458180
Clathrithromycin suppressed TLR4-mediated MCP-1 production in human mesangial cells. PMID: 27614743
CCL2 siRNA exhibited effective inhibition of cell proliferation and angiogenesis in the glioma cell line U251. PMID: 28714025
CCL2 in addition to IFN-gamma can be used to differentiate among Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection possibilities. PMID: 28610785
Results indicated that MCP-1 and CCR2 polymorphisms may influence the progression of IgAN, but not increase/decrease its susceptibility. PMID: 27788494
Data suggest that, compared to control individuals, patients with T2DM-Y (young onset type 2 diabetes), NPDR (non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy) and PDR (proliferative diabetic retinopathy) exhibit significantly higher serum levels of MCP-1. This study was conducted in India. PMID: 28336215
The meta-analysis demonstrated that urinary MCP-1 was significantly higher in patients with active LN than in those with inactive LN and control subjects, and the patients with inactive LN showed significantly higher urinary MCP-1 levels than the controls. PMID: 27278779
investigated whether functional polymorphism at MCP-1 regulatory region associates with disease phenotype in Indian systemic lupus erythematosus patients (SLE) patients; findings suggest that -2518G allele of MCP-1 -2518 A/G polymorphism is associated with renal disorders and may influence MCP-1 gene expression among Indian SLE patients PMID: 28433894
joint interaction analysis of ACE I/D and CCL2 C-2518T showed a significantly higher frequency of II genotype of ACE I/D in coexistence with TT genotype of CCL2 C-2518T in Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP) patients. PMID: 28691415
EGF up-regulated CCL2 expression in HNSCC cells, which recruited monocytes and turned them into M2-like macrophages, thus forming a positive feedback paracrine loop. PMID: 27888616
CCL2 gene silencing inhibits primary tumor growth and metastasis, associated with a reduction in cancer stem cell renewal and recruitment of M2 macrophages in triple negative breast cancer PMID: 27283985
Mesenchymal stem cells from Ankylosing spondylitis patients secreted more monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP1) during abnormal osteogenic differentiation. PMID: 27921117
CCL2 polymorphism is associated with susceptibility to latent tuberculous infection in well-defined North-East Thai populations. PMID: 27510253
Meta-analysis suggests that the MCP-1-2518A/G polymorphism is associated with an increased risk of lupus nephritis. PMID: 29390552

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

To learn more about how to properly dissolve the lyophilized recombinant protein, please visit Lyophilization FAQs.