Recombinant Human CCL2 Protein

Name: Recombinant Human CCL2 Protein
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BL-1626SG
Availability: InStock

Collections: All products, Antibody / cell therapy targets, Antibody therapeutic / adc target proteins, Buy cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors for research online, Chemokines and receptors – essential regulators of immune response, High-quality recombinant proteins

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Product Overview

Tag	N/A
Host Species	Human
Accession	P13500
Synonym	Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-1, MCP-1, CCL2, MCAF, C-C motif chemokine 2, HC11, Monocyte chemotactic and activating factor, Monocyte secretory protein JE, Small-inducible cytokine A2, MCP1, SCYA2, Recombinant Human Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (CCL2).
Background	MCP-1 belongs to the family of chemotactic cytokines. MCP-1 is expressed by monocytes, vascular endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, glomerular mesangial cell, and osteoblastic cells. MCP-1 has been shown to exhibit biological activities other than chemotaxis. It can induce the proliferation and activation of killer cells known as CHAK. Elevated levels of MCP-1 are observed in atherosclerotic plaques that are rich in macrophages. The factor activates the tumoricidal activity of monocytes and macrophages in vivo. It regulates the expression of cell surface antigens (CD11c, CD11b) and the expression of cytokines (IL-1, IL-6). MCP-1 is a potent activator of human basophils, inducing degranulation and the release of histamines. In basophils activated by IL-3, IL-5 or GM-CSF MCP-1 enhances the synthesis of leukotriene C4.
Description	Recombinant Human CCL2 was produced in E. coli. This protein is purified with our unique purification methods.
Source	E.coli
Molecular Weight	9.0 kDa
Purity	For specific purity information on a given lot, see related COA.
Endotoxin	< 1.0 EU per μg of the protein as determined by the LAL method
Formulation	Recombinant protein is supplied in 50mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5, 50mM NaCl, 10mM Glutathione, 0.25mM DTT, 0.1mM EDTA, 0.1mM PMSF and 25% glycerol.
Stability	The recombinant protein is stable for up to 12 months at -70°C
Usage	For Research Use Only
Storage	Recombinant Human CCL2 Protein should be stored should be stored at < -70°C. It is recommended that the protein be aliquoted for optimal storage. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Target Details

Target Function	Acts as a ligand for C-C chemokine receptor CCR2. Signals through binding and activation of CCR2 and induces a strong chemotactic response and mobilization of intracellular calcium ions. Exhibits a chemotactic activity for monocytes and basophils but not neutrophils or eosinophils. May be involved in the recruitment of monocytes into the arterial wall during the disease process of atherosclerosis.
Subcellular Location	Secreted.
Protein Families	Intercrine beta (chemokine CC) family
Database References	HGNC: 10618 OMIM: 158105 KEGG: hsa:6347 STRING: 9606.ENSP00000225831 UniGene: PMID: 29461240 Aberrant histone modifications, including acetylation and tri-methylation, were found both in global histone and specific MCP-1 gene locos in monocytes from patients with coronary artery disease PMID: 29609686 Alzheimer disease patients had higher plasma MCP-1 levels compared with mild cognitive impairment patients and controls, and severe AD patients had the highest levels. PMID: 29352259 CCL2 played important roles in regulating platelet function and arterial thrombosis through the PKCalpha-P38MAPK-HSP27 pathway. PMID: 29864522 Studied role of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in migration of monocytes and lymphocytes during nickel induced contact hypersensitivity. PMID: 29132256 High chemokine CCL2 expression is associated with colorectal cancer. PMID: 30419802 NOX4 is induced in early alcoholic liver injury and regulates CCR2/CCL2 mRNA stability thereby promoting recruitment of inflammatory cells and production of proinflammatory cytokines. PMID: 28383062 study confirmed the connection between high uMCP-1 levels and poor prognosis and also disease activity in antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody-Associated Vasculitis (AAV); it also suggests an association of the A/A genotype at position -2518 in the MCP-1 gene and poor prognosis in AAV PMID: 29720895 Given that IL-8, MIP-1beta, and MCP-1 are chemokines that play important roles in recruitment of immunocompetent cells for immune defense and tumor cell clearance, the observed lower levels of these markers with increasing PM2.5 exposure may provide insight into the mechanism by which DEE promotes lung cancer. PMID: 29023999 In lupus nephritis, urinary MCP-1 and TWEAK possess higher correlation coefficients with renal damage and larger areas under ROC curves than other markers for rapid discrimination of severe disease. PMID: 29451067 We propose that endogenous gC1qR/p33 physically interacts with MCP-1 causing stabilization of the MCP-1 protein and stimulation of its activity in human periodontal ligament cells, suggesting a novel gC1qR/p33-mediated pro-inflammatory mechanism of action. PMID: 29358188 berberine inhibited the expression of MCP-1 and IL-8 induced by LPS. PMID: 28852897 In Colombian systemic lupus erythematosus patients, urinary NGAL and MCP-1 in addition to anti-C1q antibodies were useful biomarkers for the identification of renal involvement and discrimination of active lupus nephritis. PMID: 29073812 These results provide evidence that necrotic cells induce the expression of CCL2/MCP-1 and CCL20/MIP-3alpha in glioblastoma cells through activation of NF-kappaB and AP-1 and facilitate the infiltration of microglia into tumor tissues. PMID: 30048972 Serum CCL2 and sICAM-1 concentrations were significantly decreased in CNS tumors in comparison with the comparative group. Among proteins tested in the serum, a higher area under the ROC curve (AUC) revealed CCL2 compared to sICAM-1 in differentiating subjects with CNS brain tumors from non-tumoral subjects. PMID: 29086194 MCP-1 -2518 genotype may influence the outcome of nonsurgical periodontal treatment in aggressive periodontitis patients. PMID: 28427824 Study describes how cysteine-rich 61 (CCN1) promotes monocyte migration by upregulating monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (CCL2) expression in osteoblasts in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) disease. CCN1 could serve as a potential target for RA treatment. PMID: 28341837 The MCP-1 concentration was positively correlated with blood pressure among smokers. PMID: 29098933 CCL2-2518A/G (rs1024611) polymorphism is significantly associated with risk of gynecological cancer. PMID: 29458367 High MCP1 expression is associated with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. PMID: 29205349 Results provide evidence for MCP-1 involvement in the development of PVVs and indicate that inflammation could be implicated in the pathogenesis of this condition. PMID: 28623996 Study found that the activation of CCR2 by its ligand CCL2 increased the expression of SMO and Gli-1, resulting in Hh pathway activation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and hepatocellular carcinoma cell invasion. PMID: 29115520 these findings collectively indicate that TGF-beta regulates CCL2 expression in a stage-dependent manner during breast cancer progression PMID: 29107385 Individuals with rs1024611 AG and GG genotypes exhibited significantly higher susceptibility to Diabetic Foot Ulcers. PMID: 29995756 REVIEW: regulation and importance of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 PMID: 28914666 this study shows that CCL2 promoter hypomethylation is associated with gout risk in Chinese Han male population PMID: 28690186 Results showed that both heterozygous and homozygous genotypes are associated with age-related macular degeneration pathology. Allele frequency analysis showed that 'G' allele is frequent in AMD patients as compared to controls PMID: 29664944 Oxidative stress markers in the pregestational period did not have a predictive value in the recurrent pregnancy loss and repeated implantation failure . CCL2 might be useful in risk prediction PMID: 28707148 Distributions of MCP-1 -2518A/G and VEGF -634C/G polymorphisms are significantly different between type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetic foot ulcer patients PMID: 29901584 In multivariate analysis, the IL1B rs16944 TT and TNF rs1799964 TC genotypes were significantly associated with intrauterine cytomegalovirus infection. Twenty-two out of 72 congenitally infected newborns had confirmed sensorineural hearing loss. Carriers of CT or TT genotype of CCL2 rs13900 had increased risk of hearing loss at birth and at 6 months of age. PMID: 28501927 Effective IL1beta and CCL2 antagonists are currently in clinical review to treat benign inflammatory disease, and their transition to the cancer clinic could have a rapid impact PMID: 28790030 The genotype and allele frequencies between groups did not show significant differences. However, the GG genotype was the most frequent in children with insulin resistance. The GG genotype was associated with insulin resistance (OR = 2.2, P = 0.03) in a genetic model. Conclusion The -2518 A>G MCP-1 gene polymorphism may be related to the development of insulin resistance in Mexican children. PMID: 29694633 the results of the present study confirmed CCL2 as a direct target of miR-206, and showed that the upregulation of CCL2 caused by the downregulation of miR-206 was responsible for the development of severe HEV71 encephalitis. PMID: 28765968 data disclose the complexity of MCP-1 regulation upon CHIKV infection and point to a crucial role of IFNbeta in the chemokine secretion. PMID: 27558873 The study suggests that MCP-1 (-2518A>G) AG genotype and G allele could be considered as risk factors for susceptibility to ovarian cancer. PMID: 28886321 use of MCP-1/IL-10 ratio in combination with ultrasound findings appears to provide a promising modality for predicting preeclampsia PMID: 28038968 It can be concluded that MCP-1 and CCR2 polymorphisms are not associated with AgP in Turkish population. PMID: 28458180 Clathrithromycin suppressed TLR4-mediated MCP-1 production in human mesangial cells. PMID: 27614743 CCL2 siRNA exhibited effective inhibition of cell proliferation and angiogenesis in the glioma cell line U251. PMID: 28714025 CCL2 in addition to IFN-gamma can be used to differentiate among Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection possibilities. PMID: 28610785 Results indicated that MCP-1 and CCR2 polymorphisms may influence the progression of IgAN, but not increase/decrease its susceptibility. PMID: 27788494 Data suggest that, compared to control individuals, patients with T2DM-Y (young onset type 2 diabetes), NPDR (non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy) and PDR (proliferative diabetic retinopathy) exhibit significantly higher serum levels of MCP-1. This study was conducted in India. PMID: 28336215 The meta-analysis demonstrated that urinary MCP-1 was significantly higher in patients with active LN than in those with inactive LN and control subjects, and the patients with inactive LN showed significantly higher urinary MCP-1 levels than the controls. PMID: 27278779 investigated whether functional polymorphism at MCP-1 regulatory region associates with disease phenotype in Indian systemic lupus erythematosus patients (SLE) patients; findings suggest that -2518G allele of MCP-1 -2518 A/G polymorphism is associated with renal disorders and may influence MCP-1 gene expression among Indian SLE patients PMID: 28433894 joint interaction analysis of ACE I/D and CCL2 C-2518T showed a significantly higher frequency of II genotype of ACE I/D in coexistence with TT genotype of CCL2 C-2518T in Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP) patients. PMID: 28691415 EGF up-regulated CCL2 expression in HNSCC cells, which recruited monocytes and turned them into M2-like macrophages, thus forming a positive feedback paracrine loop. PMID: 27888616 CCL2 gene silencing inhibits primary tumor growth and metastasis, associated with a reduction in cancer stem cell renewal and recruitment of M2 macrophages in triple negative breast cancer PMID: 27283985 Mesenchymal stem cells from Ankylosing spondylitis patients secreted more monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP1) during abnormal osteogenic differentiation. PMID: 27921117 CCL2 polymorphism is associated with susceptibility to latent tuberculous infection in well-defined North-East Thai populations. PMID: 27510253 Meta-analysis suggests that the MCP-1-2518A/G polymorphism is associated with an increased risk of lupus nephritis. PMID: 29390552

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

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