Recombinant Human Beta-2-Glycoprotein 1 (APOH) Protein (His-GST)

Name: Recombinant Human Beta-2-Glycoprotein 1 (APOH) Protein (His-GST)
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BLC-00961P
Availability: InStock

Greater than 85% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

Collections: High-quality cytokines for advanced research, High-quality recombinant proteins

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Product Overview

Description	Recombinant Human Beta-2-Glycoprotein 1 (APOH) Protein (His-GST) is produced by our E.coli expression system. This is a protein fragment.
Purity	Greater than 85% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
Uniprotkb	P02749
Target Symbol	APOH
Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
Expression System	E.coli
Tag	N-6His-GST
Target Protein Sequence	ADSAKCTEEGKWSPELPVCAPIICPPPSIPTFATLRVYKPSAGNNSLYRDTAVFECLPQHAMFGNDTITCTTHGNWTKLPECREVKCPFPSRPDNGFVNYPAKPTLYYKDKATFGCHDGYSLDGPEEIECTKLGNWSAMPSCKASCKVPVKKATVVYQGERVKIQEKFKNGMLHGDKVSFFCKNKEKKCSYTEDAQCIDGTIEVPKCFKEHSSLAFWKTDASDVKPC
Expression Range	119-345aa
Protein Length	Partial
Mol. Weight	56.8 kDa
Research Area	Cardiovascular
Form	Liquid or Lyophilized powder
Buffer	Liquid form: default storage buffer is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 5%-50% glycerol. Lyophilized powder form: the buffer before lyophilization is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 6% Trehalose, pH 8.0.
Reconstitution	Briefly centrifuged the vial prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Reconstitute protein in deionized sterile water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL. It is recommended to add 5-50% of glycerol (final concentration) and aliquot for long-term storage at -20°C/-80°C. The default final concentration of glycerol is 50%.
Storage	1. Store at -20°C/-80°C upon receipt, aliquoting is necessary for mutiple use. 2. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. 3. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week. 4. In general, protein in liquid form is stable for up to 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. Protein in lyophilized powder form is stable for up to 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.
Notes	Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week.

Target Details

Target Function	Binds to various kinds of negatively charged substances such as heparin, phospholipids, and dextran sulfate. May prevent activation of the intrinsic blood coagulation cascade by binding to phospholipids on the surface of damaged cells.
Subcellular Location	Secreted.
Database References	HGNC: 616 OMIM: 138700 KEGG: hsa:350 STRING: 9606.ENSP00000205948 UniGene: PMID: 30074200 Data suggest alpha-1-antitrypsin (A1AT) and APOH (beta-2-glycoprotein-1) could represent promising markers for renal carcinogenesis in Von Hippel-Lindau disease (VHLD) patients. PMID: 28004973 Suggest that anti-beta2 GPI antibodies bind to beta2 GPI-PS complexes expressed on microparticles. Consequent loss of beta2 GPI-PS expression on MPs may impair scavenging and contribute to the accumulation of circulating PS-negative MPs, a possible source of autoantigens in systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID: 28667788 the data revealed that reduced beta2GPI exerts protective effects from glucoseinduced injury in human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells. PMID: 28731130 Data suggest that, in patients with anti-GPIIb/IIIa-mediated immune thrombocytopenia, diminished plasma levels of beta2-GPI are linked to enhanced complement activation. PMID: 29350259 The aim of this study was to assess clinical utility of the anti-Domain 1 B2GP1 antibodies in the diagnosis and risk stratification of antiphospholipid syndrome. Anti-Domain 1 test does not add accuracy in predicting Antiphospholipid syndrome thrombotic complications on the top of accuracy offered by classic tests. PMID: 28363116 we have demonstrated a pathogenic role for aPL containing samples, mediated via aPL-2bGPI interactions, resulting in activation of the pro-apoptotic p38 MAPK pathway. PMID: 28079888 Pretransplant IgA-aB2GP1 was the main risk factor for graft thrombosis and early graft loss after renal transplantation. PMID: 27140515 These results suggest that antibodies directed against domain 1 of beta-2-glycoprotein 1 may contribute to antiphospholipid syndrome risk assessment, due to their association with the diagnosis of systemic autoimmunity and with more aggressive triple antiphospholipid antibody profiles, such as triple positivity and lupus anticoagulant activity. PMID: 27770664 Circulating Immune Complexes of IgA Bound to Beta 2 Glycoprotein are Strongly Associated with the Occurrence of Acute Thrombotic Events. PMID: 27063992 Genome-wide significant results in or near the APOH gene on chromosome 17 have been found for plasma apolipoprotein H levels in middle-aged and older adults. PMID: 27030319 Prevalence and pathogenicity of IgA aB2GPI antibodies may vary from a population of ESRD patients to another. PMID: 26900811 The association of IL28B and APOH single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with sustained virological response and of ITPA SNPs with anemia related phenotypes. PMID: 26670100 We identified APOH as an obesity-resistance gene that interacts with FTO rs9939609 to more than double the occurrence of thinness. PMID: 26711810 Trp316Ser variant (rs1801690) near the apolipoprotein H (beta2-glycoprotein-I) gene was associated with serum lipid parameters in Chinese volunteers. Suggest that there may be have racial/ethnic-and/or gender-specificity. PMID: 26261630 Using affinity chromatography, polymyxin B can effectively decrease the binding of beta2GP1 to immobilize phosphatidylserine. PMID: 24275099 Plasma apolipoprotein H limits HCV replication and associates with response to NS3 protease inhibitor-based therapy. PMID: 25556540 The renoprotective and antifibrosis effects of beta2GPI and reduced beta2GPI on diabetic nephropathy were closely associated with suppressing the activation of the TGF-beta1-p38 MAPK pathway. PMID: 26045739 Apo H is up-regulated in aspirin-tolerant asthma (ATA) compared to aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) and normal controls, suggesting that Apo H may be involved in different pathogenesis of ATA from AERD PMID: 24120690 the V/V genotype and the V-encoding allele at position 247 of the beta2GPI gene had strong correlation with the occurrence of thrombosis and the production of the anti-beta2GPI antibodies. PMID: 24661363 Apolipoprotein H expression is associated with IL28B Single Nucleotide Polymorphism and viral clearance in hepatitis C virus infection. PMID: 24905490 The interaction between beta2GPI and TLR4 is confirmed by the reduction of anti-beta2GPI antibody binding and by the up-regulation of E-selectin or ICAM-1 by TLR4 silencing in HUVEC. PMID: 24685231 APOH is a new candidate gene associated with thrombosis PMID: 25081279 Data indicate that subjects with xidized low-density lipoprotein/beta2-glycoprotein I (oxLDL/beta2GPI) above the median (0.25 U/mL) were more likely to have arterial or venous disease. PMID: 25405208 Serum from peripheral arterial disease patients with elevated beta2 glycoprotein I antibodies induces a genomic overexpression of TLR4 and its cellular signalling molecules in endothelial cells. PMID: 24472415 Pretransplant IgA-aB2GPI-ab may have a detrimental effect on early clinical outcomes after renal transplantation. PMID: 25071084 Partial or complete removal of the carbohydrate chains uncover cryptic epitopes present in beta(2)GPI. PMID: 25256745 Serum beta2-GPI-Lp(a) levels were increased in ischemic stroke patients PMID: 24315780 beta(2) GPI functions as a physiologic anticoagulant by inhibiting the key procoagulant activities of thrombin without affecting its unique anticoagulant function PMID: 23578283 In seeking to identify proteins phosphorylated during anti-beta2GPI antibody-induced endothelial activation, we observed phosphorylation of nonmuscle myosin II regulatory light chain (RLC), which regulates cytoskeletal assembly. PMID: 23954892 beta2GPI is a major autoantigen in the antiphospholipid syndrome; this protein can bind to the surface of apoptotic cells, playing a dual role as immunogen and as pathophysiological target of antiphospholipids. PMID: 23713583 Both NF-kappaB and c-Jun/AP-1 can be activated and play important roles in the process of anti-beta2GPI/beta2GPI-induced tissue factor expression in monocytes. PMID: 23467542 IgA antibodies to beta-glycoprotein I are detrimental to the clinical outcome of hemodialysis patients. PMID: 22358146 Identify common variants reflecting the genetic architecture influencing plasma beta2 -GPI levels. PMID: 23279374 This review discusses the characteristics of beta2GPI, an antigen of central importance in antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), as well as the targeting of the beta2GPI/anti-beta2GPI interaction in the treatment of APS. PMID: 23692565 Beta(2)-GPI plays an essential role in the down-regulation of VEGF-induced endothelial responses. PMID: 22956423 MAPKs (p38, ERK1/2 and JNK1/2) were the crucial downstream targets of the anti-beta(2)GPI/beta(2)GPI -triggered TLR4 signaling pathways in THP-1 cells. PMID: 22940059 anti-beta(2)GPI/beta(2)GPI complex induced TF and TNF-alpha expression involving both TLR4/MyD88 and TLR4/TRIF signaling pathways and TLR4 and its adaptors might be molecular targets for therapy of antiphospholipid syndrome PMID: 22964479 anti-oxLDL-beta2GPI antibodies and IgM anti-Elevated oxLDL-beta2GPI antibodies were detected in systemic lupus erythematosus, which may contribute to the elevated cardiovascular risk in SLE patients. PMID: 23214196 Findings support the notion that the beta2-glycoprotein I (beta2GPI) Valine/Leucine247 polymorphism plays a role, but is probably not crucial in the pathogenesis of anti-phospholipid syndrome influencing development of anti-beta2GPI and thrombosis. PMID: 22399073 Recent developments in our understanding of the antiphospholipid syndrome. (review) PMID: 22394675 [review] Val/Val genotype of beta2-GPI gene is associated with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), by patients with APS, with production of anti-beta2-GPI antibodies. PMID: 22246055 epitope glycine40-arginine43 of domain I of beta2GPI predominantly responsible for binding thrombosis related antibodies [review] PMID: 22635228 immunocomplexes of Hep, beta2GPI and anti-beta2GPI IgG in plasma of patients with antiphospholipid syndrome PMID: 22635233 among Spanish Caucasians, polymorphisms at codon 247 (Val247Leu) do not seem to influence primary antiphospholipid syndrome pathogenesis. PMID: 21240499 Letter: report breast cancer patient with elevated anti-beta2-glycoprotein I antibody and cerebellar ataxia. PMID: 22427365 Increased complexes of beta(2)-glycoprotein I with lipoprotein(a)is associated with coronary artery disease. PMID: 22056596 A review of the role of oxidative stress in beta2-GPI-mediated immune responses. PMID: 21999151 [REVIEW] function in innate immunity; function of beta(2) -GPI seems to depend on the structural conformation of the protein PMID: 21535391 role of beta2-GPI in placentation: Data suggest that in some women with habitual miscarriage, antagonism of beta2-GPI by autoantibodies against beta2-GPI suppresses PlGF production in trophoblasts and causes failure of placenta formation/function. PMID: 21501325

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

To learn more about how to properly dissolve the lyophilized recombinant protein, please visit Lyophilization FAQs.