Recombinant Human Artemin Protein

Name: Recombinant Human Artemin Protein
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BL-1966NP
Availability: InStock

BL-1966NP: Greater than 95% as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE. (QC verified)

Collections: All products, High-quality recombinant proteins, Other recombinant proteins

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Product Overview

Description	Recombinant Human Artemin is produced by our E.coli expression system and the target gene encoding Ala108-Gly220 is expressed.
Accession	Q5T4W7
Synonym	Artemin; ARTN; Enovin; Neublastin; EVN
Gene Background	Human Artemin is a GDNF family ligand that is distantly related to the TGF-β superfamily of molecules. It is synthesized as a preproprotein, and contains a variable length pre-, or signal sequence, plus a 68 amino acid (aa) proregion and a 113 aa mature segment. Following synthesis and proteolytic processing, mature ARTN is secreted as a presumably glycosylated, 28 kDa disulfide-linked homodimer that contains three intrachain disulfide bonds and the typical TGF-β signature cysteine-knot motif. In the mature region, human ARTN is 89% and 88% aa identical to rat and mouse ARTN, respectively. Human ARTN is active on rodent cells. The receptor for ARTN has been identified as the ligand binding subunit GFRα-3 plus the signal transducing subunit, RET. The GFRα-1/RET receptor complex has also been suggested to be a ligand binding unit for ARTN. ARTN is known to be a chemoattractant for sympathetic neuron axons innervating the developing cardiovascular system. It also promotes sensory neuron survival and likely plays a role in the development of the peripheral nervous system. Finally, it has been reported to reverse neuropathic pain due to nerve injury, and to help resolve morphological changes associated with nerve damage.
Molecular Mass	12.1 KDa
Apmol Mass	14 KDa, reducing conditions
Formulation	Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution of 20mM HEPES, 150mM NaCl, pH 7.4.
Endotoxin	Less than 0.1 ng/µg (1 EU/µg) as determined by LAL test.
Purity	Greater than 95% as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE. (QC verified)
Biological Activity	Not tested
Reconstitution	Always centrifuge tubes before opening. Do not mix by vortex or pipetting. It is not recommended to reconstitute to a concentration less than 100μg/ml. Dissolve the lyophilized protein in distilled water. Please aliquot the reconstituted solution to minimize freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage	Lyophilized protein should be stored at ≤ -20°C, stable for one year after receipt. Reconstituted protein solution can be stored at 2-8°C for 2-7 days. Aliquots of reconstituted samples are stable at ≤ -20°C for 3 months.
Shipping	The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature listed below.
Usage	For Research Use Only

Target Details

Target Function	Ligand for the GFR-alpha-3-RET receptor complex but can also activate the GFR-alpha-1-RET receptor complex. Supports the survival of sensory and sympathetic peripheral neurons in culture and also supports the survival of dopaminergic neurons of the ventral mid-brain. Strong attractant of gut hematopoietic cells thus promoting the formation Peyer's patch-like structures, a major component of the gut-associated lymphoid tissue.
Subcellular Location	Secreted.
Protein Families	TGF-beta family, GDNF subfamily
Database References	HGNC: 727 OMIM: 603886 KEGG: hsa:9048 STRING: 9606.ENSP00000387435 UniGene: PMID: 29575549 The data suggest that ARTN and MMP-9 are involved in the occurrence, development, invasion and metastasis of EC, and play a synergistic role in the development of EC and lymphatic metastasis. PMID: 29254290 AhR activation and ARTN expression were positively correlated in the epidermis of patients with atopic dermatitis. PMID: 27869817 Report the activity, pharmacokinetics, conformational dynamics and biophysical properties of different glycoforms of ART. PMID: 26908049 High ARTN increased xenograft tumor size and metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma. PMID: 26675549 Artemin expression promotes invasiveness and neurotrophic function of pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells in vivo and in vitro PMID: 25243385 mRNA expression of Artemin (Artn) in the tongue mucosa of patients with burning mouth syndrome was significantly higher than that of control subjects. PMID: 26270588 This is the first report of increased levels of a neurotrophic factor and of a glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor family member in GAD patients. PMID: 24994477 conclude that ARTN is one mediator of acquired resistance to trastuzumab in HER2-positive mammary carcinoma cells PMID: 24737320 The expression of GFRalpha1 and/or GFRalpha3, especially when combined with ARTN expression, may be useful predictors of disease progression and outcome in specific subtypes of mammary carcinoma. PMID: 23351331 ARTEMIN promotes de novo angiogenesis in ER negative mammary carcinoma through activation of TWIST1-VEGF-A signaling. PMID: 23185544 ARTN promotion of the cancer stem cell-like cell phenotype was mediated by TWIST1 regulation of BCL-2 expression. PMID: 23095743 High artemin promotes motility and invasiveness of pancreatic cancer. PMID: 22901124 artemin lowers the threshold of temperature-dependent itch sensation. PMID: 22770266 ARTN and TWIST1 synergize to produce a worse outcome in ER-MC and combined inhibition of ARTN and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) may therefore provide a novel therapeutic strategy in this subtype of mammary carcinoma. PMID: 22060274 Presenting an efficient method for the recombinant bacterial production of large quantities of highly pure, biologically active ARTN for in vitro and in vivo studies. PMID: 21907286 Studies indicate that artemin was highly expressed in squamous cell carcinoma lung cancer. PMID: 22008109 These results reveal that ARTN, a known tumor metastasis-related gene, is a direct target of miR-223. PMID: 21453483 Forced expression of ARTN in ER-positive human mammary carcinoma cells increased ER transcriptional activity, promoted estrogen-independent growth and produced resistance to tamoxifen. PMID: 20305694 ARTN increased BCL2 expression by transcriptional upregulation, and inhibition of BCL2 abrogated the oncogenic properties of ARTN in non-small cell lung carcinoma cells. PMID: 20530713 Artemin is a key player in the generation of pancreatic neuropathy in pancreatic neoplasms. PMID: 20395845 Artemin and GFRalpha3 expressions may play an important role in perineural invasion of pancreatic carcinoma. PMID: 19304517 expression in endometrial carcinoma significantly associated with higher tumor grade and invasiveness PMID: 20118197 The results obtained suggest the involvement of NTN, PSP, and ART in processes subserving both the organization of this cortical region during development and the functional activity and maintenance of the mature human hippocampal neurons. PMID: 15829225 This study suggests that ART binds heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG) and identifies residues that may be involved in HSPG binding. PMID: 16734417 1.92 A crystal structure of the complex formed between ARTN and its receptor GFRalpha3 was reported. PMID: 16765900 Data show that reduced expression levels of ARTN mRNAs are found in patients with major depressive disorder in a current depressive state, but not in a remissive state. PMID: 18313696 No differences were found in the allelic frequencies of the variants or in the haplotype distribution between Hirschsprung's disease patients & controls, nor to any demographic/clinical parameters within the group of patients. PMID: 18970938 Forced expression of artemin in mammary carcinoma cells results in increased anchorage-independent growth, increased colony formation in soft agar and in Matrigel, and promotes a scattered cell phenotype with enhanced migration and invasion. PMID: 19363524

FAQs

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

To learn more about how to properly dissolve the lyophilized recombinant protein, please visit Lyophilization FAQs.