Recombinant Human Aromatase (CYP19A1) Protein (His)

Name: Recombinant Human Aromatase (CYP19A1) Protein (His)
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BLC-01665P
Availability: InStock

Greater than 85% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

Collections: All products, High-quality recombinant proteins, Other recombinant proteins

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Product Overview

Description	Recombinant Human Aromatase (CYP19A1) Protein (His) is produced by our E.coli expression system. This is a full length protein.
Purity	Greater than 85% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
Uniprotkb	P11511
Target Symbol	CYP19A1
Synonyms	CYPXIX;Cytochrome P-450AROM;Cytochrome P450 19A11 Publication;Estrogen synthase
Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
Expression System	E.coli
Tag	N-6His
Target Protein Sequence	MVLEMLNPIHYNITSIVPEAMPAATMPVLLLTGLFLLVWNYEGTSSIPGPGYCMGIGPLISHGRFLWMGIGSACNYYNRVYGEFMRVWISGEETLIISKSSSMFHIMKHNHYSSRFGSKLGLQCIGMHEKGIIFNNNPELWKTTRPFFMKALSGPGLVRMVTVCAESLKTHLDRLEEVTNESGYVDVLTLLRRVMLDTSNTLFLRIPLDESAIVVKIQGYFDAWQALLIKPDIFFKISWLYKKYEKSVKDLKDAIEVLIAEKRRRISTEEKLEECMDFATELILAEKRGDLTRENVNQCILEMLIAAPDTMSVSLFFMLFLIAKHPNVEEAIIKEIQTVIGERDIKIDDIQKLKVMENFIYESMRYQPVVDLVMRKALEDDVIDGYPVKKGTNIILNIGRMHRLEFFPKPNEFTLENFAKNVPYRYFQPFGFGPRGCAGKYIAMVMMKAILVTLLRRFHVKTLQGQCVESIQKIHDLSLHPDETKNMLEMIFTPRNSDRCLEH
Expression Range	1-503aa
Protein Length	Full Length
Mol. Weight	62.0 kDa
Research Area	Cancer
Form	Liquid or Lyophilized powder
Buffer	Liquid form: default storage buffer is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 5%-50% glycerol. Lyophilized powder form: the buffer before lyophilization is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 6% Trehalose, pH 8.0.
Reconstitution	Briefly centrifuged the vial prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Reconstitute protein in deionized sterile water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL. It is recommended to add 5-50% of glycerol (final concentration) and aliquot for long-term storage at -20°C/-80°C. The default final concentration of glycerol is 50%.
Storage	1. Store at -20°C/-80°C upon receipt, aliquoting is necessary for mutiple use. 2. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. 3. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week. 4. In general, protein in liquid form is stable for up to 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. Protein in lyophilized powder form is stable for up to 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.
Notes	Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week.

Target Details

Target Function	A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase that catalyzes the conversion of C19 androgens, androst-4-ene-3,17-dione (androstenedione) and testosterone to the C18 estrogens, estrone and estradiol, respectively. Catalyzes three successive oxidations of C19 androgens: two conventional oxidations at C19 yielding 19-hydroxy and 19-oxo/19-aldehyde derivatives, followed by a third oxidative aromatization step that involves C1-beta hydrogen abstraction combined with cleavage of the C10-C19 bond to yield a phenolic A ring and formic acid. Alternatively, the third oxidative reaction yields a 19-norsteroid and formic acid. Converts dihydrotestosterone to delta1,10-dehydro 19-nordihydrotestosterone and may play a role in homeostasis of this potent androgen. Also displays 2-hydroxylase activity toward estrone. Mechanistically, uses molecular oxygen inserting one oxygen atom into a substrate, and reducing the second into a water molecule, with two electrons provided by NADPH via cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR; NADPH-ferrihemoprotein reductase).
Subcellular Location	Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. Microsome membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein.
Protein Families	Cytochrome P450 family
Database References	HGNC: 2594 OMIM: 107910 KEGG: hsa:1588 STRING: 9606.ENSP00000260433 UniGene: PMID: 29564739 CYP19A1 was the only gene harboring single nucleotide polymorphisms that were significantly associated with prostate cancer risk PMID: 29228205 CYP19A1 mRNA expression and aromatase activity during syncytialization of primary human villous trophoblast cells at term PMID: 29474975 in postmenopausal women, aromatase activity could be an important determinant of skeletal health. PMID: 29329467 Fungicide ziram may disrupt the placental steroid production. In the present study, we investigated the effects of ziram on steroid formation in human placental cell line JEG-3 cells and on HSD3B1 and aromatase in the human placenta. Ziram did not inhibit progesterone production in JEG-3 cells and HSD3B1 activity at 100muM... ziram is a potent inhibitor of human aromatase. PMID: 28951168 This study demonstrated the existence of an AMH-FOXL2 relationship in hGCs. AMH is capable of increasing both gene and protein expression of FOXL2. Because FOXL2 induces AMH transcription, these ovarian factors could be finely regulated by a positive feedback loop mechanism to preserve the ovarian follicle reserve. PMID: 28660501 The present study reports on the synthesis of pituitary aromatase, its regulation by gonadal steroids, and the physiological roles of aromatase on pituitary endocrine cells. The involvement of aromatase in the pathogenesis of pituitary tumors, mainly prolactinomas, through the auto-paracrine production of estradiol is reviewed. [review] PMID: 29104246 CYP19A1 Val80, a genetic polymorphism related to the conversion of testosterone into estrogen, significantly contributes to individual differences in self-construal and subjective well-being. PMID: 28888137 The findings indicate that the CYP19 alleles rs727479A/C and rs700519C/T might be associated with the pregnancy outcome after assisted reproductive technology in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. PMID: 29050673 significant prognostic roles of ERalpha, ERbeta and aromatase were discovered in the in prostate cancer specimens of our large multicenter cohort. PMID: 27610593 These studies suggest an association between adiposity, aromatase estrogenic capacity and atrial arrhythmogenicity. PMID: 28822806 Changes in the CYP19A1 expression in adipose tissue stromal vascular fraction cells, induced by free acids, correlated positively with BMI of patients but only in group of obese or overweight women. PMID: 29629743 In conclusion, activated Smad3 proteins can bind to P450arom promoter -705/+87 bp region, responsive to activin A in endometrial stromal cells, which can promote P450arom transcription. PMID: 27920344 polymorphisms not associated with late miscarriage PMID: 28410957 this study illustrated that the brain-specific alternate promoter PI.f derived CYP19 expression can be regulated by DNA methylation. PMID: 28559115 sex steroid hormones and sex hormone binding globulin levels, CYP17 MSP AI (-34T:C) and CYP19 codon 39 (Trp:Arg) variants in children with developmental stuttering PMID: 28992603 RET inhibitors could both impair primary tumor growth and tumor dissemination, thereby providing a potential therapeutic advantage when used in combination with aromatase inhibitors in postmenopausal ER+ breast cancers. PMID: 27602955 We suggest from these studies that overexpression of aromatase in breast tissue and its resultant increase in estradiol levels may contribute to the later development of breast cancer in women with atypical ductal hyperplasia PMID: 28337664 As regards the CYP19A1 variant, genotype 11 (del/del) was more frequent in patients than in controls (OR=1.85; 95% CI 1.06-3.22; P=0.03). PMID: 27145040 C-Jun and CREB are recruited to ESR2 or CYP19A1 promoter by IGF-I stimulation. PMID: 26899323 The results of the present study suggest that AhR stimulates estrogen-dependent progression of breast carcinoma by inducing aromatase expression under some conditions. These results provide new insights on the possible roles of environmental toxins in breast cancer development. PMID: 27900579 In the postmortem study, the amount of PVN aromatase immunoreactivity decreased significantly in the major depressive disorder group compared to the controls PMID: 28024269 Results show that aromatase protein expression is increased in bladder neoplasm tissue and may be associated with advanced tumor stage. PMID: 27324053 Polymorphism of CYP19 is associated with breast cancer. PMID: 28178648 The combination of high carbohydrate intake and the heterozygote (CG) of CYP19A1 rs4441215 showed a higher serum estradiol level in postmenopausal Japanese women. PMID: 28980890 Leptin increased aromatase expression in breast cancer cells, which was correlated with COX-2 upregulation. PMID: 28571770 Immunohistochemical analysis of 221 invasive breast cancer cases indicated that 87.3% (193/221) had at least 5% aromatase positive cells. PMID: 28489882 CYP19A1 amplification caused increased aromatase activity. PMID: 28112739 The reduction of DHT obese homozygotic twins could be linked to its increased degradation by AKR1C2 and HSD11B1, and increased estrogen levels could be linked to increased adiposity-related expression of aromatase in adipose tissue. PMID: 28619249 The authors proposed that NF2 behaves as a protein sensing tissue damage and aromatase-driven local estrogen formation, eventually leading to regulation of stem cells differentiation and tissue repair by liver cancer cells. (Review) PMID: 27289045 The CYP19A1 rs10046 variant T/T favors lower incidence of hot flashes/sweating under exemestane + OFS treatment, suggesting endocrine-mediated effects. PMID: 27825388 R264 polymorphism causes an intrinsic alteration of aromatase activity together with a different consensus for phosphorylation by different kinases, indicating that estrogen production can be different when such mutations are present PMID: 27702664 analysis of how sildenafil inhibits aromatase in human cells by molecular docking simulation PMID: 27616271 16(beta)-OH-androstenedione generated by CYP21A2 serves as a substrate for CYP19A1 PMID: 28065637 Description of a novel functional FSHR expression, where FSH-stimulated CYP19A1 expression and estrogen production in recto-vaginal endometriotic nodules (RVEN) are demonstrated. This locally FSH-induced estrogen production may contribute to the pathology, development, progression, and severity of RVEN . PMID: 27224263 Estradiol synthesis in the hippocampus is regulated by several mechanisms, which are reviewed in this report. The regulation of the activity of aromatase, the final enzyme of estrogen biosynthesis, by Ca(2+) transients, is of particular interest. [review] PMID: 26472556 CYP19A1 activity may contribute to disordered steroidogenesis in female patients with POR mutations as well as in mothers with POR variants carrying a male child PMID: 27032764 The structural and functional importance of estrogen receptor and aromatase in endocrine-responsive and -resistant breast cancers will be discussed in more detail. [review] PMID: 26277097 Aromatase inhibitor treatment significantly increased expression of let-7f in Ishikawa cells and endometrial stroma cells from patients with endometriosis. PMID: 27320036 results show that the Aha1-Hsp90-PKM2/HIF-1alpha axis mediates the induction of aromatase in Li-Fraumeni Syndrome. PMID: 27467582 Data show that the combination of nobiletin (NOB), hesperetin (HES) and letrozole (LET) had no effects on activity and expression of aromatase (cytochrome P450 CYP19) in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. PMID: 28364779 The expression of P450 aromatase corresponds to specific cell morphology in sex cord-stromal tumors, including recurrent tumors. PMID: 26166720 Association study investigated the ESR1, ESR2, and CYP19A1 gene polymorphisms in Chinese migraine patients, data suggested that ESR1 rs2234693 plays a potential role in migraine susceptibility in a Chinese population, especially for menstrually related migraine PMID: 27778160 A novel 568C insertion mutation in CYP19A1 can lead to severe aromatase deficiency. Homozygosity for this mutation is associated with the development of hypoplastic ovaries PMID: 27086564 Significant reduction of CYP19A1 gene expression in Cumulus cells of endometriosis patients may be the result of epigenetic alterations in its regulatory regions, either by DNA methylation or histone modifications. PMID: 27167072 In the bone marrow, cyclin A1 and aromatase enhanced local bone marrow-releasing factors, including androgen receptor, estrogen and matrix metalloproteinase MMP9 and promoted the metastatic growth of prostate cancer cells PMID: 26921336 No association of functional polymorphisms in the estrogen metabolism genes CYP19A1 with menstrual migraine. PMID: 28089731 The results demonstrated that the rs3751592 A/G polymorphism of the CYP19A1 gene was associated with the incidence of Alzheimer disease in a Chinese Han population, which suggests that CYP19A1 rs3751592 is a predisposing genetic factor for Alzheimer disease. PMID: 27583919 CYP19 Gene Polymorphism is associated with Breast Cancer. PMID: 27165202 The data showed that the effect of Activin A on ESCs was partially abrogated by pretreatment with an inhibitor of ALK4 (the type I receptor, ActRIB) and Smad4-siRNA. Cumulatively, these data suggest that Activin A promotes the secretion of estradiol from ESCs by increasing the expression of P450arom via the ALK4-Smad pathway. These findings indicate the ALK4-Smad pathway may promote ectopic lesion survival and developmen PMID: 27833918

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

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