Recombinant Human ApoA2 Protein (C-6His)

Name: Recombinant Human ApoA2 Protein (C-6His)
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BL-2619NP
Availability: InStock

BL-2619NP: Greater than 95% as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE. (QC verified)

Collections: All products, High-quality recombinant proteins

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Product Overview

Description	Recombinant Human Apolipoprotein A-II is produced by our Mammalian expression system and the target gene encoding Gln24-Gln100 is expressed with a 6His tag at the C-terminus.
Accession	P02652
Synonym	Apolipoprotein A-II;Apo-AII;Apolipoprotein A2;Truncated apolipoprotein A-II;ProapoA-II;APOA2
Gene Background	Apolipoprotein A-II(Apo-AII for short), also known as Apolipoprotein A2, is a secreted protein which belongs to the apolipoprotein A2 family. It exists as a disulfide-linked homodimer; and also can form a disulfide-linked heterodimer with APOD. APOA2 is the 2nd most abundant protein of the high density lipoprotein particles. This protein may stabilize HDL (high density lipoprotein) structure by its association with lipids, and affect the HDL metabolism. Defects in APOA2 gene might cause apolipoprotein A-II deficiency or hypercholesterolemia.
Molecular Mass	9.74 KDa
Apmol Mass	10-15 KDa, reducing conditions
Formulation	Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution of 20mM PB, 150mM NaCl, pH 7.4.
Endotoxin	Less than 0.1 ng/µg (1 EU/µg) as determined by LAL test.
Purity	Greater than 95% as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE. (QC verified)
Biological Activity	Not tested
Reconstitution	Always centrifuge tubes before opening. Do not mix by vortex or pipetting. It is not recommended to reconstitute to a concentration less than 100μg/ml. Dissolve the lyophilized protein in distilled water. Please aliquot the reconstituted solution to minimize freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage	Lyophilized protein should be stored at ≤ -20°C, stable for one year after receipt. Reconstituted protein solution can be stored at 2-8°C for 2-7 days. Aliquots of reconstituted samples are stable at ≤ -20°C for 3 months.
Shipping	The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature listed below.
Usage	For Research Use Only

Target Details

Target Function	May stabilize HDL (high density lipoprotein) structure by its association with lipids, and affect the HDL metabolism.
Subcellular Location	Secreted.
Protein Families	Apolipoprotein A2 family
Database References	HGNC: 601 OMIM: 107670 KEGG: hsa:336 STRING: 9606.ENSP00000356969 UniGene: PMID: 28545455 There was a statistically significant interaction between APOA2 polymorphism and dietary fatty acids intake on oxidative stress n patients with type 2 diabetes PMID: 27271094 This study detected a reduced level of heterodimer apoA2-ATQ/AT and a specific apoA2 isoform hypo-processing pattern in the sera of autoimmune pancreatitis patients. PMID: 29481802 In type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, the dietary intake of antiinflammatory fatty acids, such as omega-3 PUFAs and MUFAs, could reduce the inflammatory effects associated with the Apolipoprotein A2 CC genotype. In addition, proinflammatory fatty acids, such as SFAs, could overcome the antiinflammatory effect of the T-allele. PMID: 28359369 data support an SR-B1 nibbling mechanism that is similar to that of streptococcal serum opacity factor, which also selectively removes CE and releases apoAI, leaving an apoAII-rich remnant. PMID: 28373285 A new missense mutation in an Iranian population has a significant association with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. PMID: 26590203 ApoAII-ATQ/AT not only distinguished the early stages of pancreatic cancer from healthy controls but also identified patients at high risk for pancreatic malignancy. PMID: 26549697 Plasma apoB pool size of VLDL containing apoA-II is much smaller than that of VLDL without apoA-II, and this was caused by a very low rate of secretion of this VLDL type into plasma. PMID: 26071654 APOA-II polymorphism and oxidative stress is associated with poor prognosis in patients with type 2 diabetes. PMID: 26104730 Apolipoprotein AII was detected as a protein associated with the urinary protein/urinary creatinine levels in pediatric idiopathic steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome PMID: 24633472 Apolipoprotein A-II/B significantly improves risk prediction of overall survival, also in carotid surgery patients with lower LDL levels PMID: 25953375 Apolipoprotein A-II and the regulation of high density lipoproteins in cardiovascular disease. [Review] PMID: 24012775 We have cloned the cDNA encoding human ApoA-II and achieved its high-level secreting expression with a yield of 65 mg/L of yeast culture PMID: 24116940 identified a statistically significant interaction between the APOA2 -265T > C variant and higher-fat dairy food intake in the Boston Puerto Ricans and replicated this relation in the GOLDN study PMID: 24108135 Clinical studies demonstrate that apoA-II is a strong predictor of risk for CVD. There is no evidence, however, that selective therapeutic modification of apoA-II impacts on atherosclerosis and clinical outcomes.[review] PMID: 21501035 These data suggest Apo-AII-containing high-density lipoproteins (HDL) formed intrahepatically are likely cholesterol-rich compared to the smaller intracellular lipid-poor Apo A-I HDL. PMID: 23025327 Enrichment of apo A-II in high-density lipoprotein particles has atheroprotective effects and apo A-II may become a target for the treatment of atherosclerosis. PMID: 23241412 We conclude that apoA-II plays a significant role in apoE-associated risk of incident CVD in women with high levels of HDL-C and CRP. PMID: 22723940 APOA2 m265 genotype may be associated with eating behaviours and dietary modulation of plasma ghrelin. PMID: 21386805 a gene-diet interaction involving the APOA2 -265T>C SNP and saturated fat intake determines body weight in a Mediterranean and an Asian populations PMID: 20975728 Human apolipoprotein A-II inhibits the production of interferon-gamma by concanavalin A-stimulated mouse and human CD4-positive T cells. PMID: 21300819 Low apolipoprotein-A2 is associated with metastatic renal cell cancer. PMID: 20022911 ApoA-II plays a crucial role in triglyceride catabolism by regulating lipoprotein lipase activity, at least in part, through HDL proteome modulation. PMID: 19910634 The serum apoA-II concentrations confer risk for MetS and diabetes and exhibit evidence of anti-inflammatory properties among Turks. PMID: 19817643 In metabolic syndrome, fenofibrate, but not atorvastatin, influences high density lipoprotein metabolism by increasing the transport of APOA2 particles. PMID: 19651918 when expressed in transgenic mice, HDL shows antioxidant properties PMID: 11971944 Overexpression in transgenic mice does not increase their susceptibility to insulin resistance and obesity PMID: 12032642 Evaluated as a positional candidate gene for familial Type II diabetes, altered lipid concentrations, and insulin resistance PMID: 12136402 Crystallographic studies of apo A-II and its complex with lipid surrogate beta-octyl glucoside show that disulfide-linked dimers of apo A-II form amphipathic alpha-helices which aggregate into tetramers. PMID: 12269810 Carriers of a novel splice-site mutation in the LDL-receptor gene were simultaneously homozygous for the -265C variant of apoA-II thus concluding that one variant of the apoA-II gene was associated with reduced plasma LDL cholesterol in FH patients PMID: 12522687 This protein inhibits high density lipoprotein remodeling and lipid-poor apolipoprotein A-I formation PMID: 12690114 Genetic association of plasma apolipoprotein A-II levels with familial combined hyperlipidemia. PMID: 12738753 Analysis of trancription factors that bind response elements in the apoA-II promotor and modulate transcription. PMID: 12959642 apoA-II affects both the structure and the dynamic behavior of HDL particles and selectively modifies lipid metabolism PMID: 14967812 In transgenic mice overexpressing the human apoA-II gene, plasma human apoA-II concentration was positively correlated with blood glucose levels. PMID: 14988251 this protein-exonic splicing enhancer interaction is able to promote the incorporation of exon 3 in mRNA and suggest that they can rescue the splicing despite the noncanonical 3' splice site. PMID: 15247216 Overexpressed human apoA-II in mice impairs HDL protection of apoB-lipoproteins from oxidation. Displacement of PON1 by apoA-II may explain why PON1 is found in HDL particles with apoA-I, not apoA-II, & apo-A-II-rich HDL's poor antiatherogenic properties. PMID: 15388641 results indicate a significant association between the T265C APOA-II polymorphism and levels of visceral adipose tissue in premenopausal women present in white but not African-American women PMID: 15833935 Characterization of regulatory elements found in the apoA-II exon 3 and its flanking introns that are involved in the control of apoA-II exon 3 splicing. PMID: 16254078 the association of apoA-II with triglyceride-rich lipoproteins occurs in the circulation and induces postprandial hypertriglyceridemia PMID: 16990646 ApoA-II adopts a beltlike structure in which the protein helices wrap around the lipid- bilayer reconstituted high density lipoprotein (rHDL) disc. PMID: 17264082 ApoAII is efficiently reabsorbed in kidney proximal tubules in relation to its plasma concentration PMID: 17652309 carriers of the minor allele for Apo A-II -265T/C (CC/TC) have a lower postprandial response compared with TT homozygotes PMID: 17709437 ApoA-II is associated with a decreased risk of future coronary artery disease in apparently healthy people, implying that apoA-II itself exerts effects on specific antiatherogenic pathways. PMID: 17923573 APOAII rs5082 polymorphism may have a role in reducing risk of coronary artery disease in an Australian male population PMID: 18179799 results for dimeric apolipoprotein AII are similar to those we have reported for the monomeric apolipoprotein CI, which has a similar secondary structure but a different peptide sequence and net charge PMID: 18652418 procoagulant activities of plasma factor VIIc and factor Xc are positively and independently associated with concentrations of the high-density lipoprotein apolipoprotein, apo A-II PMID: 18766253 small sizes (i. e., number of kringle-4 repeats in the gene) of apolipoprotein (a) are risk factors for the development of atherothrombosis. (review) PMID: 19069164 Results indicate that CETP inhibition increases plasma concentrations of apoA-II by delaying HDL apoA-II catabolism and significantly alters the remodeling of apoA-II-containing HDL subpopulations. PMID: 19193611 The available data does not support a role for common variants in APOA2 on type 2 diabetes susceptibility or related quantitative traits in Northern Europeans PMID: 19216768

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

To learn more about how to properly dissolve the lyophilized recombinant protein, please visit Lyophilization FAQs.