Recombinant Human Ap-2 Complex Subunit Mu (AP2M1) Protein (GST)

Name: Recombinant Human Ap-2 Complex Subunit Mu (AP2M1) Protein (GST)
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BLC-08533P
Availability: InStock

Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

Collections: All products, High-quality recombinant proteins, Other recombinant proteins

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Product Overview

Description	Recombinant Human Ap-2 Complex Subunit Mu (AP2M1) Protein (GST) is produced by our E.coli expression system. This is a full length protein.
Purity	Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
Uniprotkb	Q96CW1
Target Symbol	AP2M1
Synonyms	Adapter-related protein complex 2 mu subunit; Adaptin mu 1; Adaptin-mu2; Adaptor protein complex AP 2 subunit mu; Adaptor protein complex AP-2 subunit mu; Adaptor related protein complex 2 mu 1 subunit; AP 2 mu 2 chain; AP-2 complex subunit mu; AP-2 mu chain; Ap2m1; AP2M1_HUMAN; AP50; CLAPM1; Clathrin adaptor complex AP2 mu subunit; Clathrin assembly protein complex 2 medium chain; Clathrin associated/assembly/adaptor protein medium 1; Clathrin coat adaptor protein AP50; Clathrin coat assembly protein AP50; Clathrin coat associated protein AP50; Clathrin coat-associated protein AP50; HA2 50 kDa subunit; mu2; Plasma membrane adaptor AP-2 50 kDa protein
Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
Expression System	E.coli
Tag	N-GST
Target Protein Sequence	MIGGLFIYNHKGEVLISRVYRDDIGRNAVDAFRVNVIHARQQVRSPVTNIARTSFFHVKRSNIWLAAVTKQNVNAAMVFEFLYKMCDVMAAYFGKISEENIKNNFVLIYELLDEILDFGYPQNSETGALKTFITQQGIKSQHQTKEEQSQITSQVTGQIGWRREGIKYRRNELFLDVLESVNLLMSPQGQVLSAHVSGRVVMKSYLSGMPECKFGMNDKIVIEKQGKGTADETSKSGKQSIAIDDCTFHQCVRLSKFDSERSISFIPPDGEFELMRYRTTKDIILPFRVIPLVREVGRTKLEVKVVIKSNFKPSLLAQKIEVRIPTPLNTSGVQVICMKGKAKYKASENAIVWKIKRMAGMKESQISAEIELLPTNDKKKWARPPISMNFEVPFAPSGLKVRYLKVFEPKLNYSDHDVIKWVRYIGRSGIYETRC
Expression Range	1-435aa
Protein Length	Full Length
Mol. Weight	76.7kDa
Research Area	Transport
Form	Liquid or Lyophilized powder
Buffer	Liquid form: default storage buffer is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 5%-50% glycerol. Lyophilized powder form: the buffer before lyophilization is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 6% Trehalose, pH 8.0.
Reconstitution	Briefly centrifuged the vial prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Reconstitute protein in deionized sterile water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL. It is recommended to add 5-50% of glycerol (final concentration) and aliquot for long-term storage at -20°C/-80°C. The default final concentration of glycerol is 50%.
Storage	1. Store at -20°C/-80°C upon receipt, aliquoting is necessary for mutiple use. 2. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. 3. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week. 4. In general, protein in liquid form is stable for up to 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. Protein in lyophilized powder form is stable for up to 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.
Notes	Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week.

Target Details

Target Function	Component of the adaptor protein complex 2 (AP-2). Adaptor protein complexes function in protein transport via transport vesicles in different membrane traffic pathways. Adaptor protein complexes are vesicle coat components and appear to be involved in cargo selection and vesicle formation. AP-2 is involved in clathrin-dependent endocytosis in which cargo proteins are incorporated into vesicles surrounded by clathrin (clathrin-coated vesicles, CCVs) which are destined for fusion with the early endosome. The clathrin lattice serves as a mechanical scaffold but is itself unable to bind directly to membrane components. Clathrin-associated adaptor protein (AP) complexes which can bind directly to both the clathrin lattice and to the lipid and protein components of membranes are considered to be the major clathrin adaptors contributing the CCV formation. AP-2 also serves as a cargo receptor to selectively sort the membrane proteins involved in receptor-mediated endocytosis. AP-2 seems to play a role in the recycling of synaptic vesicle membranes from the presynaptic surface. AP-2 recognizes Y-X-X-[FILMV] (Y-X-X-Phi) and [ED]-X-X-X-L-[LI] endocytosis signal motifs within the cytosolic tails of transmembrane cargo molecules. AP-2 may also play a role in maintaining normal post-endocytic trafficking through the ARF6-regulated, non-clathrin pathway. During long-term potentiation in hippocampal neurons, AP-2 is responsible for the endocytosis of ADAM10. The AP-2 mu subunit binds to transmembrane cargo proteins; it recognizes the Y-X-X-Phi motifs. The surface region interacting with to the Y-X-X-Phi motif is inaccessible in cytosolic AP-2, but becomes accessible through a conformational change following phosphorylation of AP-2 mu subunit at Thr-156 in membrane-associated AP-2. The membrane-specific phosphorylation event appears to involve assembled clathrin which activates the AP-2 mu kinase AAK1. Plays a role in endocytosis of frizzled family members upon Wnt signaling.
Subcellular Location	Cell membrane. Membrane, coated pit; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side.
Protein Families	Adaptor complexes medium subunit family
Database References	HGNC: 564 OMIM: 601024 KEGG: hsa:1173 STRING: 9606.ENSP00000292807 UniGene: PMID: 28003333 This study identified and confirmed adaptor protein 2 changes within the postsynaptic density in schizophrenia. PMID: 25048004 BMCC1 is an AP-2 associated endosomal protein in prostate cancer cells. PMID: 24040105 We identify dynamin and the EAP-binding alpha-adaptin appendage domain of the AP2 adaptor as switches in a regulated, multistep maturation process and provide direct evidence for a molecular checkpoint in clathrin mediated endocytosis. PMID: 23891661 a conserved heretofore unrecognized YXXPhi motif (Phi is a bulky hydrophobic residue) within the core protein. This motif is homologous to sorting signals within host cargo proteins known to mediate binding of AP2M1 PMID: 22916011 Arkadia complexes with clathrin adaptor AP2 mu2 subunit and regulates EGF signalling. PMID: 20965945 These results suggest that AP-2 is essential for endocytic clathrin coated-pit and coated-vesicle formation. PMID: 20485680 multiple interactions between PIPKI gamma-p90 and AP-2 lead to spatiotemporally controlled PI(4,5)P(2) synthesis during clathrin-mediated synaptic vesicle endocytosis. PMID: 19903820 V1H can function as an adaptor for interactions between Nef and AP-2. PMID: 12032142 direct association of the adaptor complex 2 with a G protein-coupled receptor has not been reported so far and might represent a common mechanism underlying clathrin-mediated receptor endocytosis PMID: 12644451 Results indicate that AP-2 is not essential for clathrin-coated vesicle formation at the plasma membrane, but that it is one of several endocytic adaptors required for the uptake of certain cargo proteins. PMID: 12952941 AP-2 is completely dependent on both (D/E)xxxL(L/I) motifs and 20 YxxO motifs signals to mediate TCR internalization; AP2M1 interacts with tyrosine in CD3delta and CD3gamma PMID: 15778375 AP-2 and clathrin participate in MHC-II molecule trafficking to antigen-processing compartments. PMID: 15911768 We show that in addition to promoting LPA(1) signaling, membrane cholesterol is essential for the association of LPA(1) with beta-arrestin, which leads to signal attenuation and clathrin-dependent endocytosis of LPA(1). PMID: 16263766 The essential GYxxtheta motif in the HIV-2 Env tail recruits AP-2 in order to direct Env to a cellular pathway or location that is necessary for its ability to enhance virus release. PMID: 16501101 there is a positive feedback loop consisting of endocytic cargo proteins, AP-2mu, and PIPK type I which may provide a specific pool of PI(4,5)P(2) dedicated to clathrin/AP-2-dependent receptor internalization PMID: 16880396 An atypical basic motif within the cytoplasmic tails of AMPA-type glutamate receptors directly associates with mu2-adaptin by a mechanism similar to the recognition of the presynaptic vesicle protein synaptotagmin 1 by AP-2. PMID: 17289840 Results show that three genes, namely FXR1, CLAPM1 and EIF4G, are most frequently overexpressed in the center of the amplified domain in squamous cell carcinomas. PMID: 17290396 These results thus identify a novel type of AP-2 interaction determinant, support the notion that AP-2 is the key clathrin adaptor for the downregulation of CD4 by Nef, and reveal a previously unrecognized diversity among dileucine sorting signals. PMID: 18032517 These findings demonstrate differences in internalization between the alpha1a- and alpha1b-AR and provide evidence that the lack of significant endocytosis of the alpha1a-AR is linked to its poor interaction with beta-arrestins as well as with AP50. PMID: 18523139 The dyslexia-associated protein KIAA0319 interacts with adaptor protein 2 and follows the classical clathrin-mediated endocytosis pathway. PMID: 19419997

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

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