Recombinant Human Androgen Receptor (AR) Protein (His-SUMO&Myc)

Name: Recombinant Human Androgen Receptor (AR) Protein (His-SUMO&Myc)
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BLC-02910P
Availability: InStock

Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

Collections: High-quality recombinant proteins, Other recombinant proteins

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Product Overview

Description	Recombinant Human Androgen Receptor (AR) Protein (His-SUMO&Myc) is produced by our E.coli expression system. This is a protein fragment.
Purity	Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
Uniprotkb	P10275
Target Symbol	AR
Synonyms	AIS; ANDR_HUMAN; Androgen nuclear receptor variant 2; Androgen receptor (dihydrotestosterone receptor; testicular feminization; spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy; Kennedy disease); Androgen receptor; androgen receptor splice variant 4b; AR; AR8; DHTR; Dihydro testosterone receptor; Dihydrotestosterone receptor (DHTR); Dihydrotestosterone receptor; HUMARA; HYSP1; KD; Kennedy disease (KD); NR3C4; Nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 4 (NR3C4); Nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 4; SBMA; SMAX1; Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA); Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy; Testicular Feminization (TFM); TFM
Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
Expression System	E.coli
Tag	N-10His-SUMO&C-Myc
Target Protein Sequence	DYYFPPQKTCLICGDEASGCHYGALTCGSCKVFFKRAAEGKQKYLCASRNDCTIDKFRRKNCPSCRLRKCYEAGMTLGARKLKKLGNLKLQEEGEASSTTSPTEETTQKLTVSHIEGYECQPIFLNVLEAIEPGVVCAGHDNNQPDSFAALLSSLNELGERQLVHVVKWAKALPGFRNLHVDDQMAVIQYSWMGLMVFAMGWRSFTNVNSRMLYFAPDLVFNEYRMHKSRMYSQCVRMRHLSQEFGWLQITPQEFLCMKALLLFSIIPVDGLKNQKFFDELRMNYIKELDRIIACKRKNPTSCSRRFYQLTKLLDSVQPIARELHQFTFDLLIKSHMVSVDFPEMMAEIISVQVPKILSGKVKPIYFHT
Expression Range	551-919aa
Protein Length	Partial
Mol. Weight	62.4kDa
Research Area	Signal Transduction
Form	Liquid or Lyophilized powder
Buffer	Liquid form: default storage buffer is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 5%-50% glycerol. Lyophilized powder form: the buffer before lyophilization is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 6% Trehalose, pH 8.0.
Reconstitution	Briefly centrifuged the vial prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Reconstitute protein in deionized sterile water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL. It is recommended to add 5-50% of glycerol (final concentration) and aliquot for long-term storage at -20°C/-80°C. The default final concentration of glycerol is 50%.
Storage	1. Store at -20°C/-80°C upon receipt, aliquoting is necessary for mutiple use. 2. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. 3. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week. 4. In general, protein in liquid form is stable for up to 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. Protein in lyophilized powder form is stable for up to 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.
Notes	Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week.

Target Details

Target Function	Steroid hormone receptors are ligand-activated transcription factors that regulate eukaryotic gene expression and affect cellular proliferation and differentiation in target tissues. Transcription factor activity is modulated by bound coactivator and corepressor proteins like ZBTB7A that recruits NCOR1 and NCOR2 to the androgen response elements/ARE on target genes, negatively regulating androgen receptor signaling and androgen-induced cell proliferation. Transcription activation is also down-regulated by NR0B2. Activated, but not phosphorylated, by HIPK3 and ZIPK/DAPK3.; Lacks the C-terminal ligand-binding domain and may therefore constitutively activate the transcription of a specific set of genes independently of steroid hormones.; Lacks the C-terminal ligand-binding domain and may therefore constitutively activate the transcription of a specific set of genes independently of steroid hormones.
Subcellular Location	Nucleus. Cytoplasm.
Protein Families	Nuclear hormone receptor family, NR3 subfamily
Database References	HGNC: 644 OMIM: 300068 KEGG: hsa:367 STRING: 9606.ENSP00000363822 UniGene: PMID: 30190514 Androgen receptor positive triple negative breast cancer: Clinicopathologic, prognostic, and predictive features PMID: 29883487 In prostate cancer cells, AR-V7 expression is correlated with drug resistance, as AR-V7 upregulation leads to enhanced proliferation potency of cancer cells, indicating unfavorable prognosis of patients. PMID: 30284554 These findings imply that the deep intronic mutation creating an alternative splice acceptor site resulted in the production of a relatively small amount of wildtype androgen receptor mRNA, leading to partial androgen insensitivity syndrome. PMID: 29396419 AR Germline Mutations and Polymorphisms were associated with Prostate Cancer. PMID: 30139231 GTEE also downregulated the expression of AR and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in both androgen-responsive and castration-resistant PCa cells. By blocking the SREBP-1/AR axis, GTEE suppressed cell growth and progressive behaviors, as well as activating the caspase-dependent apoptotic pathway in PCa cells PMID: 30301150 Suppressed the expression of androgen receptor. PMID: 29981500 An AR motif of the transactivation domain has been identified that contributes to transcriptional activity by recruiting the C-terminal domain of subunit 1 of the general transcription regulator TFIIF. PMID: 29225078 In LNCaP prostate cancer cells, TSG101 overexpression recruits the androgen receptor (AR) to TSG101-containing cytoplasmic vesicles resulting in reduced AR protein level and AR transactivation activity downregulation. Immunofluorescence microscopy demonstrated that TSG101-decorated cytoplasmic vesicles are associated with late endosomes/lysosomes. PMID: 29859188 Study indicates that both mRNA and protein level of AR increase during prostate cancer (PCa) progression. These levels are even higher in metastatic PCa. Further data suggest that elevation of AR may promote PCa metastasis by induction of EMT and reduction of KAT5. PMID: 30142696 This study aimed to determine the presence and localization of oestrogen receptors (ERs), progesterone receptors (PRs), and androgen receptors (ARs) in both healthy and varicose vein wall cells and their relationship with gender. PMID: 30250632 These findings suggest that CDK11 is involved in the regulation of AR pathway and AR can be a potential novel prognostic marker and therapeutic target for osteosarcoma treatment. PMID: 28262798 We use CPRC prostate cancer model and demonstrate that endothelial cells secrete large amount of CCL5 and induces autophagy by suppressing AR expression in prostate cancer cell lines. Consequently, elevated autophagy accelerates focal adhesions proteins disassembly and promoted prostate cancer invasion. Inhibition of both CCL5/CCR5 signaling and autophagy significantly reduces metastasis in vivo PMID: 30200999 Overexpression of nuclear AR-V7 protein identifies a subset of tumors with remarkably aggressive growth characteristics among clinically and histologically high-risk patients at the time of radical prostatectomy. PMID: 29198908 Study defines AR ligand-binding domain homodimerization as an essential step in the proper functioning of this important transcription factor. Dimerization surface harbours over 40 previously unexplained androgen insensitivity syndromes and prostate cancer-associated point mutations. PMID: 28165461 Loss of AR expression was found in the nucleus of penile cancer cells when compared to normal tissues. Cytoplasmic AR immunostaining was observed in a significant number of these cases and was related with poor prognosis and shorter overall survival. PMID: 30099587 The AR polymorphism is associated with POR risk, patients with repeats greater than 22 show a higher risk. Our data suggest that AR genotype could play a role in natural ovarian aging. PMID: 29886316 In all, these data suggest that Aurora A plays a pivotal role in regulation of Androgen receptor variant 7 expression and represents a new therapeutic target in castrate-resistant prostate cancer. PMID: 28205582 The meta-analysis showed that short CAG and GGN repeats in androgen receptor gene were associated with increased risk of prostate cancer, especially in Caucasians. PMID: 28091563 Knockdown of beta-Klotho produced the opposite effects. In conclusion, beta-Klotho inhibits EMT and plays a tumorsuppressive role in prostate cancer (PCa) , linking FGF/FGFR/beta-Klotho signaling to the regulation of PCa progression. PMID: 29749458 The interaction of AR and SP1 contributes to regulate EPHA3 expression. PMID: 29917167 DHX15 regulates androgen receptor (AR) activity by modulating E3 ligase Siah2-mediated AR ubiquitination independent of its ATPase activity promoting prostate cancer progression. PMID: 28991234 The interaction of Nanog with the AR signaling axis might induce or contribute to Ovarian cancer stem cells regulation. In addition, androgen might promote stemness characteristics in ovarian cancer cells by activating the Nanog promoter PMID: 29716628 a significant subset of endometrial cancers express androgen receptor especially a serous cancers. PMID: 29747687 Letter: eradication of androgen receptor amplification, PSA decline, and clinical improvement with high dose testosterone therapy. PMID: 28040353 The results in this meta-analysis indicated that AR CAG and GGN repeat polymorphisms may be an important pathogenesis of cryptorchidism. PMID: 29044734 the inverse relation observed between bone cell activity and tumor cell AR activity in prostate cancer bone metastasis may be of importance for patient response to AR. PMID: 29670000 Length variations of (CAG)n and (GGC)n polymorphism in the transactivation domain of AR, significantly influence hormonal profile, semen parameters, and sexual functions of asthenospermic subjects by down regulating the expression of AR mediating signaling. PMID: 29083935 Data suggest that somatic mosaicism in AR can cause partial androgen insensitivity syndrome. [CASE REPORT] PMID: 29267169 These results identify HoxB13 as a pivotal upstream regulator of AR-V7-driven transcriptomes that are often cell context-dependent in CRPC, suggesting that HoxB13 may serve as a therapeutic target for AR-V7-driven prostate tumors. PMID: 29844167 TRX1 is an actionable castration-resistant prostate cancer therapeutic target through its protection against AR-induced redox stress. PMID: 29089489 these findings reveal AR-genomic structural rearrangements as important drivers of persistent AR signalling in castration-resistant prostate cancer. PMID: 27897170 AR+ was associated with lower breast cancer mortality in the overall study population ( estrogen receptor-negative). PMID: 28643022 nuclear COBLL1 interacts with AR to enhance complex formation with CDK1 and facilitates AR phosphorylation for genomic binding in castration-resistant prostate cancer model cells. PMID: 29686105 A variety of AR mutants are induced under selective pressures of AR pathway inhibition in castration resistant prostate cancer which remain sensitive to the inhibitor darolutamide. PMID: 28851578 c.3864T>C AR novel mutation is responsible for complete androgen insensitivity syndrome [case report] PMID: 29206494 The Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy is caused by the expansion of a CAG/glutamine tract in the amino-terminus of the androgen receptor PMID: 29478604 Polysomic AR genes show low methylation levels and high AR protein expression on immunohistochemistry PMID: 29802469 Oral administration of RAD140 substantially inhibited the growth of AR/ER(+) breast cancer patient-derived xenografts (PDX). Activation of AR and suppression of ER pathway, including the ESR1 gene, were seen with RAD140 treatment. PMID: 28974548 The aims of this study was to evaluate if extreme CAG and GGN repeat polymorphisms of the androgen receptors influence body fat mass, its regional distribution, resting metabolic rate, maximal fat oxidation capacity and serum leptin, free testosterone and osteocalcin in healthy adult men PMID: 29130706 The CRISPR/Cas9 system was able to edit the expression of AR and restrain the growth of androgen-dependent prostate cancer cells in vitro, suggesting the potential of the CRISPR/Cas9 system in future cancer therapy. PMID: 29257308 A new mechanism for complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS). A deep intronic pseudoexon-activating mutation in the intron between exons 6 and 7 of AR, detected in two siblings with CAIS, leads to aberrant splicing of the AR mRNA and insufficient AR protein production. PMID: 27609317 In the current work, we have confirmed that the lead androgen receptor DBD inhibitor indeed directly interacts with the androgen receptor DBD and tested that substance across multiple clinically relevant castration-resistant prostate cancer cell lines PMID: 28775145 Androgen receptor CAG repeat polymorphism is not associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes in Sri Lankan males. PMID: 29202793 AR gene CAG repeat polymorphisms are associated with the increased risk of mild endometriosis PMID: 28915409 ARE full sites generate a reliable transcriptional outcome in AR positive cells, despite their low genome-wide abundance. In contrast, the transcriptional influence of ARE half sites can be modulated by cooperating factors. PMID: 27623747 Targeting the Malat1/AR-v7 axis via Malat1-siRNA or ASC-J9 can be developed as a new therapy to better suppress enzalutamide-resistant prostate cancer progression. PMID: 28528814 High circulating AR-V7 levels predicted resistance to abiraterone and enzalutamide in castration-resistant prostate cancer. PMID: 28818355 Results identified the N-terminal region of AR-V7 (splice variants) that interacts with the diffuse B-cell lymphoma homology (DH) domain of Vav3 which increases its expression in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). PMID: 28811363 The single nucleotide polymorphism G1733A of the androgen receptor gene is significantly associated with recurrent spontaneous abortions in Mexican patients. PMID: 28707146

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

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