Recombinant Human Amphiregulin Protein (AREG), Active

Name: Recombinant Human Amphiregulin Protein (AREG), Active
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BLC-05974P
Availability: InStock

Collections: Buy cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors for research online, Growth factors and receptors for advanced research, High-quality cytokines for advanced research, High-quality recombinant proteins

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Product Overview

Description	Recombinant Human Amphiregulin Protein (AREG), Active is produced by our E.coli expression system. This is a protein fragment.
Purity	Greater than 95% as determined by SDS-PAGE and HPLC.
Endotoxin	Less than 1.0 EU/μg as determined by LAL method.
Activity	Fully biologically active when compared to standard. The ED50 as determined by a cell proliferation assay using murine Balb/c 3T3 cells is between 5-10 ng/ml.
Uniprotkb	P15514
Target Symbol	AREG
Synonyms	AREG; AREGB; SDGF; Amphiregulin; AR; Colorectum cell-derived growth factor; CRDGF
Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
Expression System	E.coli
Tag	Tag-Free
Complete Sequence	SVRVEQVVKP PQNKTESENT SDKPKRKKKG GKNGKNRRNR KKKNPCNAEF QNFCIHGECK YIEHLEAVTC KCQQEYFGER CGEKSMKTHS MIDSSLSK
Expression Range	101-198aa
Protein Length	Partial
Mol. Weight	11.3 kDa
Research Area	Cancer
Form	Lyophilized powder
Buffer	Lyophilized from a 0.2 µm filtered PBS, pH 7.4
Reconstitution	Briefly centrifuged the vial prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Reconstitute protein in deionized sterile water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL. It is recommended to add 5-50% of glycerol (final concentration) and aliquot for long-term storage at -20°C/-80°C. The default final concentration of glycerol is 50%.
Storage	1. Store at -20°C/-80°C upon receipt, aliquoting is necessary for mutiple use. 2. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. 3. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week. 4. In general, protein in liquid form is stable for up to 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. Protein in lyophilized powder form is stable for up to 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.
Notes	Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week.

Target Details

Target Function	Ligand of the EGF receptor/EGFR. Autocrine growth factor as well as a mitogen for a broad range of target cells including astrocytes, Schwann cells and fibroblasts.
Subcellular Location	Membrane; Single-pass membrane protein.
Protein Families	Amphiregulin family
Database References	HGNC: 651 OMIM: 104640 KEGG: hsa:374 STRING: 9606.ENSP00000370227 UniGene: PMID: 28600504 The studies indicate that HIF2-alpha induces myocardial AREG expression in cardiac myocytes, which increases myocardial ischemia tolerance. PMID: 29483579 AREG mediates hCG-induced StAR expression and progesterone production in human granulosa cells, providing novel evidence for the role of AREG in the regulation of steroidogenesis. PMID: 27113901 Regulatory T-cell-intrinsic amphiregulin is dispensable for suppressive function. PMID: 27040371 No significant correlations emerged for YAP or AREG expression and VIII CN schwannoma volume. PMID: 28430338 Cullin 3 regulates ADAM17-mediated ectodomain shedding of AREG. PMID: 29550478 over-expression of AREG could serve as a novel GC biomarker, and active surveillance of its expression could be a novel approach to GC diagnosis and monitoring. PMID: 27713123 Sprouty2 inhibits amphiregulin-induced down-regulation of E-cadherin and cell invasion in human ovarian cancer cells. PMID: 27835572 Results show that AREG expression is up-regulated in gastric tumor and its co-expression with TROP2 protein is associated with TNM stage, tumor size, lymph node metastases, and distant metastases. PMID: 28256068 secretion of IL-13 and amphiregulin suggests Intrahepatic Innate lymphoid cells may be recruited to promote resolution and repair and thereby they may contribute to ongoing fibrogenesis in liver disease. PMID: 29261670 EGF-AREG interplay in airway basal cell stem/progenitor cells is one of the mechanisms that mediates the interconnected pathogenesis of all major smoking-induced lesions in the human airway epithelium. PMID: 27709733 AREG expression may be useful for identifying CRTC1-MAML2-positive mucoepidermoid carcinomas and as a marker for favorable prognosis. PMID: 27393417 Amphiregulin enhances VEGF-A production in human chondrosarcoma cells and promotes angiogenesis by inhibiting miR-206 via FAK/c-Src/PKCdelta pathway. PMID: 27826039 Amphiregulin plays an important role in lung neoplasm resistance to amrubicinol PMID: 28476786 EREG and AREG are strongly regulated by methylation, and their expression is associated with CIMP status and primary tumour site. PMID: 27272216 These findings demonstrate the posttranslational regulation of Foxp3 expression by AREG in cancer patients through AREG/EGFR/GSK-3beta signaling, which could lead to Foxp3 protein degradation in Treg cells and a potential therapeutic target for cancer treatment. PMID: 27432879 blocking soluble amphiregulin with a neutralizing antibody also significantly increased apoptotic cell death of HepG2 cells due to treatment with methyl methanesulfonate, cisplatin, or a recombinant p53 adenovirus, suggesting that the function of amphiregulin involved in inhibiting apoptosis may be a common mechanism by which hepatoma cells escape from stimulus-induced apoptosis PMID: 28351301 keratinocyte expression of hAREG elicits inflammatory epidermal hyperplasia PMID: 26519132 Low AREG expression is associated with gastric cancer. PMID: 26884344 RYR2, PTDSS1 and AREG are autism susceptibility genes that are implicated in a Lebanese population-based study of copy number variations in this disease. PMID: 26742492 High Amphiregulin enhances intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression and promotes tumor metastasis in osteosarcoma. PMID: 26503469 results demonstrate that AREG controls G2/M progression and cytokinesis in keratinocytes via activation of a FoxM1-dependent transcriptional program, suggesting new avenues for treatment of epithelial cancer PMID: 26234682 High expression of amphiregulin is associated with hepatocellular carcinoma. PMID: 26451607 Findings show the involvement of amphiregulin and semaphorin-3A in the improvement of skin innervations and penetration of nerve fibers into the epidermis. PMID: 26201903 Altered AREG expression induced by diverse luteinizing hormone receptor reactivity in granulosa cells may provide a useful marker for oocyte developmental competency PMID: 25911599 Amphiregulin enhances alpha6beta1 integrin expression and cell motility in human chondrosarcoma cells through Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK/AP-1 pathway. PMID: 25825984 Our findings implicate amphiregulin as a critical mediator of the estrogen response in ERalpha-positive breast cancer PMID: 26527289 AR induces hHSC fibrogenic activity via multiple mitogenic signaling pathways, and is upregulated in murine and human NASH, suggesting that AR antagonists may be clinically useful anti-fibrotics in NAFLD. PMID: 25744849 Bradykinin (BK) stimulation of human airway smooth muscle cell increases amphiregulin secretion in a mechanism dependent on BK-induced COX-2 expression. PMID: 26047642 The applied drugs showed remarkable suppression of mTOR expression, which might delay tumor progression. Interestingly, sorafenib and sunitinib increased AREG in HNSCC 11A and 14C PMID: 25862847 Expression profiling demonstrated that AREG-activated EGFR regulates gene expression differently than EGF-activated EGFR PMID: 25454348 This study shows that TGF-alpha uses common and divergent molecular mediators to regulate E-cadherin expression and cell invasion. PMID: 25869072 AREG rs1615111, located in the AREG genomic region, can significantly define different prognostic cohorts in locally advanced GC PMID: 25203737 AREG induces ovarian cancer cell invasion by down-regulating E-cadherin expression PMID: 25261255 During high-pressure ventilation, Nrf2 becomes activated and induces AREG, leading to a positive feedback loop between Nrf2 and AREG, which involves the p38 MAPK and results in the expression of cytoprotective genes. PMID: 24921206 AREG expression was significantly correlated with Edmondson stage and serum AFP level. PMID: 24860833 AREG shedding occurs through a TNF-alpha-converting enzyme-dependent mechanism in diacetyl treated pulmonary epithelial cells. PMID: 24816162 aberrantly activated AREG-EGFR signaling is required for CRTC1-MAML2-positive MEC cell growth and survival, suggesting that EGFR-targeted therapies will benefit patients with advanced, unresectable CRTC1-MAML2-positive MEC. PMID: 23975434 Self-reinforcing loop of amphiregulin and Y-box binding protein-1 contributes to poor outcomes in ovarian cancer. PMID: 23851501 IL-1beta-induced amphiregulin release may be involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. PMID: 24196392 These findings provide mechanistic insight into the regulation of YAP and AREG by RASSF1A in human multistep hepatocarcinogenesis. PMID: 23594797 Data suggest that AREG (amphiregulin), BTC (betacellulin), and EREG (epiregulin) induced prostaglandin E2 production by induction of COX-2 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2) through MAP kinase signaling in granulosa cells. PMID: 24092824 Exosome-bound WD repeat protein Monad inhibits breast cancer cell invasion by degrading amphiregulin mRNA. PMID: 23844004 Promoter methylation of AREG is associated with glioblastoma. PMID: 23624749 AREG plays pro-neoplastic roles in colorectal carcinogenesis PMID: 23263765 EREG-AREG and NRG1, which are members of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family, seem to modulate Behcet's disease susceptibility through main effects and gene-gene interactions PMID: 23625463 we did not find a correlation between the presence of a K-ras mutation and the presence of Epiregulin and Amphiregulin in colon cancer tissue. PMID: 23885463 Regulation of amphiregulin gene expression by beta-catenin signaling in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. PMID: 23285165 Human antigen R-mediated mRNA stabilization is required for ultraviolet B-induced autoinduction of amphiregulin in keratinocytes. PMID: 23430747 Polycystin-1 regulates amphiregulin expression through CREB and AP1 signalling, which has implications in ADPKD cell proliferation PMID: 22570239

FAQs

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

To learn more about how to properly dissolve the lyophilized recombinant protein, please visit Lyophilization FAQs.