Recombinant Human Aldo-Keto Reductase Family 1 Member C4 (AKR1C4) Protein (GST)

Name: Recombinant Human Aldo-Keto Reductase Family 1 Member C4 (AKR1C4) Protein (GST)
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BLC-09282P
Availability: InStock

Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

Based on the SEQUEST from database of E.coli host and target protein, the LC-MS/MS Analysis result of this product could indicate that this peptide derived from E.coli-expressed Homo sapiens (Human) AKR1C4.

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Product Overview

Description	Recombinant Human Aldo-Keto Reductase Family 1 Member C4 (AKR1C4) Protein (GST) is produced by our E.coli expression system. This is a full length protein.
Purity	Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
Uniprotkb	P17516
Target Symbol	AKR1C4
Synonyms	3 alpha HSD1; 3-alpha-HSD1; 3-alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type I; AK1C4_HUMAN; AKR1C4; Aldo keto reductase family 1 member C4; Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C4; CDR; Chlordecone reductase; DD-4; DD4; Dihydrodiol dehydrogenase 4; HAKRA; HSD3a
Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
Expression System	E.coli
Tag	N-GST
Target Protein Sequence	MDPKYQRVELNDGHFMPVLGFGTYAPPEVPRNRAVEVTKLAIEAGFRHIDSAYLYNNEEQVGLAIRSKIADGSVKREDIFYTSKLWCTFFQPQMVQPALESSLKKLQLDYVDLYLLHFPMALKPGETPLPKDENGKVIFDTVDLSATWEVMEKCKDAGLAKSIGVSNFNCRQLEMILNKPGLKYKPVCNQVECHPYLNQSKLLDFCKSKDIVLVAHSALGTQRHKLWVDPNSPVLLEDPVLCALAKKHKQTPALIALRYQLQRGVVVLAKSYNEQRIRENIQVFEFQLTSEDMKVLDGLNRNYRYVVMDFLMDHPDYPFSDEY
Expression Range	1-323aa
Protein Length	Full Length
Mol. Weight	64.1kDa
Research Area	Signal Transduction
Form	Liquid or Lyophilized powder
Buffer	Liquid form: default storage buffer is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 5%-50% glycerol. Lyophilized powder form: the buffer before lyophilization is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 6% Trehalose, pH 8.0.
Reconstitution	Briefly centrifuged the vial prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Reconstitute protein in deionized sterile water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL. It is recommended to add 5-50% of glycerol (final concentration) and aliquot for long-term storage at -20°C/-80°C. The default final concentration of glycerol is 50%.
Storage	1. Store at -20°C/-80°C upon receipt, aliquoting is necessary for mutiple use. 2. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. 3. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week. 4. In general, protein in liquid form is stable for up to 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. Protein in lyophilized powder form is stable for up to 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.
Notes	Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week.

Target Details

Target Function	Cytosolic aldo-keto reductase that catalyzes the NADH and NADPH-dependent reduction of ketosteroids to hydroxysteroids. Liver specific enzyme that acts as NAD(P)(H)-dependent 3-, 17- and 20-ketosteroid reductase on the steroid nucleus and side chain. Displays the ability to catalyze both oxidation and reduction in vitro, but most probably acts as a reductase in vivo since the oxidase activity measured in vitro is inhibited by physiological concentration of NADPH. Acts preferentially as a 3-alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD) with a subsidiary 3-beta-HSD activity. Catalyzes efficiently the transformation of the potent androgen 5-alpha-dihydrotestosterone (5alpha-DHT or 17beta-hydroxy-5alpha-androstan-3-one) into the less active form, 5-alpha-androstan-3-alpha,17-beta-diol (3-alpha-diol). Catalyzes the reduction of estrone into 17beta-estradiol but with low efficiency. Metabolizes a broad spectrum of natural and synthetic therapeutic steroid and plays an important role in metabolism of androgens, estrogens, progestereone and conjugated steroids. Catalyzes the biotransformation of the pesticide chlordecone (kepone) to its corresponding alcohol leading to increased biliary excretion of the pesticide and concomitant reduction of its neurotoxicity since bile is the major excretory route.
Subcellular Location	Cytoplasm, cytosol.
Protein Families	Aldo/keto reductase family
Database References	HGNC: 387 OMIM: 600451 KEGG: hsa:1109 STRING: 9606.ENSP00000263126 UniGene: Hs.567245
Associated Diseases	46,XY sex reversal 8 (SRXY8)
Tissue Specificity	Liver specific.

Gene Functions References

the present study suggests that AKR1C1, AKR1C2, AKR1C3, and AKR1C4 are closely associated with drug resistance to both CDDP and 5FU, and that mefenamic acid, an inhibitor of AKR1C, restores sensitivity through inhibition of drug-resistance in human cancer cells. PMID: 28259989
Studies indicate that mutations in aldo-keto reductase family 1 (AKR1) enzymes AKR1C1 and AKR1C4 are responsible for sexual development dysgenesis and mutations in AKR1D1 are causative in bile-acid deficiency. PMID: 24189185
In women only, SNPs in AKR1C4 reduced the likelihood of having exhibited paranoid ideation by circa 60%. PMID: 22356824
Low progesterone levels and a cystine to serine change at position 145 in AKR1C4 gene are associated with manic/hypomanic irritability in males PMID: 21570127
role of AKR1C4 in the metabolism of testosterone and progesterone via the 5beta-reductase pathway. PMID: 21521174
Taken together, we conclude that the cell-type-specific expression of DD4 mRNA is regulated by vHNF-1-C. PMID: 12220531
the expression level of DD4 mRNA is cooperatively regulated by the amounts of HNF-1 alpha, HNF-4 alpha and HNF-4 gamma. PMID: 12544512
Impact of mirtazapine on the activity of a key neurosteroidogenic enzyme, the 3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3alpha-HSD), and on the levels of neuroactive steroids in relation to clinical response in depression. PMID: 16344854
Structure determination of human AKR1C4 and homology modelling of AKR1D1 followed by docking experiments were used to explore active site geometries. PMID: 19013211

FAQs

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

To learn more about how to properly dissolve the lyophilized recombinant protein, please visit Lyophilization FAQs.