Recombinant Human Aldo-Keto Reductase Family 1 Member C2 (AKR1C2) Protein (His-SUMO)

Beta LifeScience SKU/CAT #: BLC-03983P
Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

Recombinant Human Aldo-Keto Reductase Family 1 Member C2 (AKR1C2) Protein (His-SUMO)

Beta LifeScience SKU/CAT #: BLC-03983P
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Product Overview

Description Recombinant Human Aldo-Keto Reductase Family 1 Member C2 (AKR1C2) Protein (His-SUMO) is produced by our E.coli expression system. This is a full length protein.
Purity Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
Uniprotkb P52895
Target Symbol AKR1C2
Synonyms 2-dihydrobenzene-1; 2-diol dehydrogenase; 3 alpha HSD3; 3 alpha hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type III; 3-alpha-HSD3; AK1C2_HUMAN; AKR1C pseudo; AKR1C2; Aldo keto reductase family 1 member C2; Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C2; BABP; Bile acid binding protein; Chlordecone reductase homolog; Chlordecone reductase homolog HAKRD; DD; DD-2; DD/BABP; DD2; DDH 2; DDH2; Dihydrodiol dehydrogenase 2; Dihydrodiol dehydrogenase/bile acid binding protein; Dihydrodiol dehydrogenase/bile acid-binding protein; FLJ53800; HAKRD; HBAB; MCDR 2; MCDR2; OTTHUMP00000044759; Pseudo chlordecone reductase; SRXY8; Trans 1 2 dihydrobenzene 1 2 diol dehydrogenase; Trans-1; Type II dihydrodiol dehydrogenase; Type III 3 alpha hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase; Type III 3-alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
Species Homo sapiens (Human)
Expression System E.coli
Tag N-6His-SUMO
Target Protein Sequence MDSKYQCVKLNDGHFMPVLGFGTYAPAEVPKSKALEAVKLAIEAGFHHIDSAHVYNNEEQVGLAIRSKIADGSVKREDIFYTSKLWSNSHRPELVRPALERSLKNLQLDYVDLYLIHFPVSVKPGEEVIPKDENGKILFDTVDLCATWEAMEKCKDAGLAKSIGVSNFNHRLLEMILNKPGLKYKPVCNQVECHPYFNQRKLLDFCKSKDIVLVAYSALGSHREEPWVDPNSPVLLEDPVLCALAKKHKRTPALIALRYQLQRGVVVLAKSYNEQRIRQNVQVFEFQLTSEEMKAIDGLNRNVRYLTLDIFAGPPNYPFSDEY
Expression Range 1-323aa
Protein Length Full Length
Mol. Weight 52.7kDa
Research Area Metabolism
Form Liquid or Lyophilized powder
Buffer Liquid form: default storage buffer is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 5%-50% glycerol. Lyophilized powder form: the buffer before lyophilization is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 6% Trehalose, pH 8.0.
Reconstitution Briefly centrifuged the vial prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Reconstitute protein in deionized sterile water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL. It is recommended to add 5-50% of glycerol (final concentration) and aliquot for long-term storage at -20°C/-80°C. The default final concentration of glycerol is 50%.
Storage 1. Store at -20°C/-80°C upon receipt, aliquoting is necessary for mutiple use. 2. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. 3. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week. 4. In general, protein in liquid form is stable for up to 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. Protein in lyophilized powder form is stable for up to 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.
Notes Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week.

Target Details

Target Function Cytosolic aldo-keto reductase that catalyzes the NADH and NADPH-dependent reduction of ketosteroids to hydroxysteroids. Most probably acts as a reductase in vivo since the oxidase activity measured in vitro is inhibited by physiological concentrations of NADPH. Displays a broad positional specificity acting on positions 3, 17 and 20 of steroids and regulates the metabolism of hormones like estrogens and androgens. Works in concert with the 5-alpha/5-beta-steroid reductases to convert steroid hormones into the 3-alpha/5-alpha and 3-alpha/5-beta-tetrahydrosteroids. Catalyzes the inactivation of the most potent androgen 5-alpha-dihydrotestosterone (5-alpha-DHT) to 5-alpha-androstane-3-alpha,17-beta-diol (3-alpha-diol). Also specifically able to produce 17beta-hydroxy-5alpha-androstan-3-one/5alphaDHT. May also reduce conjugated steroids such as 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone sulfate. Displays affinity for bile acids.
Subcellular Location Cytoplasm, cytosol.
Protein Families Aldo/keto reductase family
Database References

HGNC: 385

OMIM: 600450

KEGG: hsa:1646

STRING: 9606.ENSP00000370129

UniGene: PMID: 29369461

  • We identified two powerful genes in the liver cancer metastasis process, AEG-1 and AKR1C2. PMID: 26318406
  • Identify two novel factors, AKR1C2 (positive factor) and NF1 (negative factor), as the AEG-1 downstream players in the process of metastasis in liver cancer. PMID: 26351209
  • The endogenous HMOX1 gene but not the AKR1C2 gene is strongly repressed by Bach1 in HaCaT keratinocytes. PMID: 26244607
  • In model cell lines of endometrial cancer, AKR1C2 and SRD5A1 have crucial roles in progesterone metabolism. PMID: 25463305
  • Significantly higher levels of SRD5A1, AKR1C2, AKR1C3, and HSD17B10 mRNA were however found in bone metastases than in non-malignant and/or malignant prostate tissue PMID: 24244276
  • The V54L mutation significantly decreases the 3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity of DDH2 for the reduction of dihydrotestosterone. PMID: 24434280
  • DDH2 expression might be a potential predictor and monitor of cisplatin efficacy in advanced NSCLC patients. PMID: 22534668
  • Data suggest that modulation of AKR1C2 by glucocorticoids (dexamethasone in this study) locally modifies exposure of adipose cells to endogenous androgens; thus, AKR1C2 activation/inactivation may be involved in regional fat deposition. PMID: 22275760
  • role of AKR1C2 in the metabolism of testosterone and progesterone via the 5beta-reductase pathway. PMID: 21521174
  • The folding initiation mechanism of human bile acid-binding protein (BABP) has been examined by (19) F NMR. PMID: 21280124
  • Overexpression of aldo-keto reductase 1C2 is associated with disease progression in patients with prostatic cancer PMID: 20840669
  • We investigated associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms in genes HSD3B1, SRD5A1/2, and AKR1C2 and prostate cancer risk PMID: 20056642
  • human ileal bile acid binding protein binds two molecules of glycocholic acid with low intrinsic affinity but an extraordinarily high degree of positive cooperativity PMID: 11854486
  • The kinetics of 3-alpha-HSD type III indicates an ordered ternary complex mechanism characterized by allopregnanolone formation, with NAD cofactor binding before the steroid substrate and dissociating after release of the steroid product. PMID: 12416991
  • in prostate cells AKR1C2 acts as a 3-ketosteroid reductase to eliminate 5alpha-DHT and prevents activation of the androgen receptor. PMID: 12810547
  • Glaucomatous optic nerve head astrocytes express a higher level of 3alpha-HSD isoform AKR1C2 and its mRNA than normal astrocytes. PMID: 13678667
  • expression and activity of type 5 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and type 3 3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in female subcutaneous tissue and omental adipose tissue and in preadipocytes PMID: 14671194
  • Akr1c2 which is up-regulated in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma probably plays an important role in tumor development of esophagus and may be proposed as a potential molecular target treatments. PMID: 15188492
  • metabolizes tibolone PMID: 15383625
  • Results suggest that 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17beta-HSD) type 3 might play slightly different roles in zebrafish compared with human although testosterone itself is likely to have similar functions in both organisms. PMID: 16216911
  • human ileal bile acid binding protein has a high degree of selectivity in its interactions with glycocholate and glycochenodeoxycholate brought on by the conformation of its ternary complex PMID: 16411748
  • The regulation of AKR1C2 by antioxidant response element suggests that AKR1C2 detoxifies products of reactive oxidant injury. PMID: 16478829
  • continual intake of arsenic in drinking water might provoke AKR1C2 expression that could in turn induce drug resistance in bladder cancer, and AKR1C2 may have a role in development of bladder cancer PMID: 17203165
  • Wild-type ileal BABP undergoes a slow conformational change after both bile-salt binding sites become occupied, a kinetic step that is missing in mutants that lack positive cooperativity. PMID: 17432832
  • The inhibition of activation of the beta-catenin/TCF-signaling pathway is believed to be one mechanism by which AKR1C2 siRNA exerts a gatekeeper function during hepatocarcinogenesis. PMID: 18251165
  • Higher mRNA levels of enzymes synthesizing and inactivating androgens are found in differentiated adipocytes, consistent with higher androgen-processing rates in these cells. PMID: 18984855
  • The results show that several naturally occurring single nucleotide polymorphisms in AKR1C2 result in reduced enzyme activities. These variant AKR1C2 alleles may represent one factor involved in the variable degradation of dihydrotestosterone in vivo. PMID: 19258517
  • The disulfide bridge does not modify the protein-binding stoichiometry, but has a key role in modulating recognition at both sites, inducing site selectivity for glycocholic and glycochenodeoxycholic acid. PMID: 19754879
  • The researchers found an increased risk of breast cancer in women with AKR1C2 who carried 1 or 2 alleles and who used estrogen-progesterone therapy. PMID: 19846565

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    Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

    Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

    Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

    Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

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