Recombinant Human Agouti-Related Protein (AGRP) Protein (His-SUMO)

Name: Recombinant Human Agouti-Related Protein (AGRP) Protein (His-SUMO)
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BLC-09864P
Availability: InStock

Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

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Product Overview

Description	Recombinant Human Agouti-Related Protein (AGRP) Protein (His-SUMO) is produced by our E.coli expression system. This is a full length protein.
Purity	Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
Uniprotkb	O00253
Target Symbol	AGRP
Synonyms	Agouti related neuropeptide; Agouti Related Protein Homolog; Agouti-related protein; Agrp; AGRP_HUMAN; AGRT; ART; ASIP2
Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
Expression System	E.coli
Tag	N-6His-SUMO
Target Protein Sequence	AQMGLAPMEGIRRPDQALLPELPGLGLRAPLKKTTAEQAEEDLLQEAQALAEVLDLQDREPRSSRRCVRLHESCLGQQVPCCDPCATCYCRFFNAFCYCRKLGTAMNPCSRT
Expression Range	21-132aa
Protein Length	Full Length of Mature Protein
Mol. Weight	28.5kDa
Research Area	Cardiovascular
Form	Liquid or Lyophilized powder
Buffer	Liquid form: default storage buffer is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 5%-50% glycerol. Lyophilized powder form: the buffer before lyophilization is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 6% Trehalose, pH 8.0.
Reconstitution	Briefly centrifuged the vial prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Reconstitute protein in deionized sterile water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL. It is recommended to add 5-50% of glycerol (final concentration) and aliquot for long-term storage at -20°C/-80°C. The default final concentration of glycerol is 50%.
Storage	1. Store at -20°C/-80°C upon receipt, aliquoting is necessary for mutiple use. 2. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. 3. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week. 4. In general, protein in liquid form is stable for up to 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. Protein in lyophilized powder form is stable for up to 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.
Notes	Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week.

Target Details

Target Function	Plays a role in weight homeostasis. Involved in the control of feeding behavior through the central melanocortin system. Acts as alpha melanocyte-stimulating hormone antagonist by inhibiting cAMP production mediated by stimulation of melanocortin receptors within the hypothalamus and adrenal gland. Has very low activity with MC5R. Is an inverse agonist for MC3R and MC4R being able to suppress their constitutive activity. It promotes MC3R and MC4R endocytosis in an arrestin-dependent manner.
Subcellular Location	Secreted. Golgi apparatus lumen.
Database References	HGNC: 330 OMIM: 601665 KEGG: hsa:181 STRING: 9606.ENSP00000290953 UniGene: Hs.104633
Associated Diseases	Obesity (OBESITY)
Tissue Specificity	Expressed primarily in the adrenal gland, subthalamic nucleus, and hypothalamus, with a lower level of expression occurring in testis, lung, and kidney.

Gene Functions References

AgRP is not associated with changes in hunger or satiety, and can change without corresponding changes in leptin. This suggests that AgRP may not be involved in the episodic control of appetite and the release of AgRP may involve signals other than leptin. PMID: 27476955
data provide compelling evidence that AgRP is a heparan sulfate-binding protein and localizes critical regions in the AgRP structure required for this interaction. PMID: 28264929
The aim of this survey is to evaluate the association of genetic variants of melanocortin-4-receptor (MC4R), pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), apolipoprotein E (APOE) and agouti-related protein (AGRP) with obesity in the North Indian population. PMID: 26226973
CSF AgRP was not different in lean vs. overweight/obese subjects; however, plasma AgRP was higher in lean subjects. PMID: 26152765
human agouti-related protein has a role in enhancing expression and stability of human melanocortin-4 receptor PMID: 25446108
Variations in genes AGRP, CPE, GHRL, GLP1R, HTR2A, NPY1R, NPY5R, SOCS3 and STAT3 showed modest associations with BMI in European Americans. PMID: 23900445
Elevations in AgRP also favor the diagnosis of ectopic ACTH syndrome, suggesting AgRP should be further evaluated as a potential neuroendocrine tumor marker. PMID: 25013995
AGRP SNP (rs1338993) was not associated with antipsychotic-induced weight gain in schizophrenia patients. PMID: 24564533
Data suggest that prolonged steady-state exercise/physical activity at moderate intensity elicits substantial increases in blood lactate and cortisol concentrations without a significant change in AgRP; study was pilot project involving men. PMID: 22477065
Despite peripheral hyperleptinemia, positive energy balance is achieved during pregnancy by a relative decrease in central leptin concentrations and resistance to leptin's effects on target neuropeptides that regulate energy balance. PMID: 23118421
AgRP and NPY are correlated with body weight changes, rather than the presence of type 2 diabetes, whereas changes in alphaMSH immunoreactivity are related to the presence of type 2 diabetes, indicating separate hypothalamic mechanisms. PMID: 22492775
Cognitive flexibility plays an important role in anorexia nervosa and may be modulated by abnormal levels of the appetite-regulating peptide AGRP. PMID: 21531082
This review defines how peripheral signals (particularly leptin, insulin and glucose) converge on a molecular level in proopiomelanocortin (POMC)- and agouti-related protein (AgRP)-expressing arcuate nucleus neurons to control energy homeostasis. PMID: 19770186
Only the patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver presented a positive correlation between the saturated fatty acids intake and the orexigenic neuropeptides NPY and agouti related protein, and carbohydrate with NPY PMID: 20164781
AgRP may provide an important signal in the immune environment and the lymphocyte may be considered as an extra-hypothalamic source of plasma AgRP following exercise stress PMID: 20404050
Agouti-related protein is neatively correlated with nonalcolic fatty liver disease in obese adolescents. PMID: 19942238
A polymorphism, 199G>A, resulted in substitution of the amino acid at position 67 from alanine to threonine. PMID: 11602360
NMR structural studies show that the loop in the first 16 residues of the C-terminal domain of AGRP confers distinct selectivity for melanocortin receptors MC3R and MC4R. PMID: 11747427
the c.199G-->A polymorphism in hAGRP could play a role in the development of human obesity in an age-dependent fashion PMID: 12213871
Ala67Thr polymorphism in the Agouti-related peptide gene is associated with inherited leanness in humans PMID: 15054840
Two single nucleotide polymorphisms in the AGRP promotor showed opposite effects on promotor activity. PMID: 15121772
Serum levels could serve as useful peripheral markers of changes in energy homeostasis. PMID: 15546902
the C-terminus of AgRP can participate in the insulin secretion in pancreatic beta cells, through the modulation of calcium release PMID: 15978665
Single-nucleotide polymorphisms found in anorexia nervosa. PMID: 16314751
AgRP may have a novel inhibitory paracrine role in the human adrenal gland PMID: 16320160
analysis of molecular basis of melanocortin-4 receptor for AGRP inverse agonism PMID: 16820227
Plasma Agouti-related protein (AGRP)elevation may be related to energy homeostasis disturbance in anorexia nervosa, and in addition to leptin, peripheral AGRP levels could be used as a nutritional marker in AN patients. PMID: 16904835
in addition to its inverse agonistic activities, Agrp exhibits agonistic properties on the endocytosis pathway of melanocortin-3 and -4 receptors PMID: 17041250
a rare mutation, +79G>A, was identified in the AGRP minimal promoter; the +79G>A mutation could predispose to body weight gain PMID: 17180153
two adjacent enhancers inside the first intron of the neighboring (1.4 kb downstream) ATPase gene (ATP6V0D1) modulate the human AgRP promoter with profound spatiotemporal variation PMID: 19285986
This study presents an association of rare allele of AGRP polymorphism in heterozygous state with increased body mass index PMID: 19602223
The high expressing C/C genotype of AGRP was significantly associated with high BMI and type 2 diabetes in Africans. PMID: 11554767

FAQs

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

To learn more about how to properly dissolve the lyophilized recombinant protein, please visit Lyophilization FAQs.