Recombinant Human TUBB4A Protein (N-6His)

Name: Recombinant Human TUBB4A Protein (N-6His)
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BL-0861NP
Availability: InStock

BL-0861NP: Greater than 90% as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE. (QC verified)

Collections: All products, High-quality recombinant proteins, Other recombinant proteins

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Product Overview

Description	Recombinant Human Tubulin Beta-4A Chain is produced by our E.coli expression system and the target gene encoding Met1-Ala444 is expressed with a 6His tag at the N-terminus.
Accession	P04350
Synonym	Tubulin Beta-4A Chain; Tubulin 5 Beta; Tubulin Beta-4 Chain; TUBB4A; TUBB4; TUBB5
Gene Background	Tubulin Beta-4A Chain (TUBB4A) is a cytoplasmic peptide containing 444 amino acids. TUBB4A is a member of the Tubulin family. Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules. Tubulin is a dimer composed of one alpha and one beta tubulin molecule; there are many forms of beta tubulins, Beta II and Beta IV Tubulin are ubiquitously expressed. Beta-III Tubulin, also known as Tubulin Beta-4, is regarded as a neuron-specific marker. It binds two moles of GTP, one at an exchangeable site on the beta chain and one at a non-exchangeable site on the alpha-chain.
Molecular Mass	51.7 KDa
Apmol Mass	58 KDa, reducing conditions
Formulation	Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution of 20mM Histidine-HCl, 10% Trehalose, 100mM NaCl, 0.05% Tween 80, pH6.5.
Endotoxin	Less than 0.1 ng/µg (1 EU/µg) as determined by LAL test.
Purity	Greater than 90% as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE. (QC verified)
Biological Activity	Not tested
Reconstitution	Always centrifuge tubes before opening. Do not mix by vortex or pipetting. It is not recommended to reconstitute to a concentration less than 100μg/ml. Dissolve the lyophilized protein in distilled water. Please aliquot the reconstituted solution to minimize freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage	Lyophilized protein should be stored at ≤ -20°C, stable for one year after receipt. Reconstituted protein solution can be stored at 2-8°C for 2-7 days. Aliquots of reconstituted samples are stable at ≤ -20°C for 3 months.
Shipping	The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature listed below.
Usage	For Research Use Only

Target Details

Target Function	Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules. It binds two moles of GTP, one at an exchangeable site on the beta chain and one at a non-exchangeable site on the alpha chain.
Subcellular Location	Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton.
Protein Families	Tubulin family
Database References	HGNC: 20774 OMIM: 128101 KEGG: hsa:10382 STRING: 9606.ENSP00000264071 UniGene: PMID: 28655586 The different clinical phenotypes associated with TUBB4A reflect the selective and specific cellular effects of the causative mutations. Cellular specificity of disease pathogenesis is relevant to developing targeted treatments for this disabling condition. PMID: 28973395 Together, DYT4-associated TUBB4A mutants themselves form aberrant tubulin networks and inhibit neuronal process growth, possibly explaining progress through the pathological states at cellular levels. PMID: 29127012 Genetic screening targeted at currently known disease-causing mutations in TOR1A, THAP1, and TUBB4 appears to have low diagnostic yield in sporadic spasmodic dysphonia. In our cohort, only 2 patients tested positive for novel/rare variants in THAP1. PMID: 27188707 TUBB4A-mutated patients manifest a comparable clinical and neuroimaging picture but they can differ from each other in terms of rate of disease progression PMID: 26643067 our data indicate that TUBB4A coding mutations do not play a critical role in the broad population of isolated dystonia patients PMID: 26318963 a paclitaxel-resistant beta-tubulin isotype, betaIVa-tubulin, was the most up-regulated gene compared with other beta-tubulin isotypes in H460 floating cells, concomitant with elevated ERK activation PMID: 26375501 The study adds complicated hereditary spastic paraplegia to the clinical spectrum of TUBB4A-associated neurological disorders. PMID: 25772097 Data suggested H-ABC and DYT4 belong to a continuous phenotypic spectrum associated with TUBB4A mutations. PMID: 25545912 Novel TUBB4A mutations and expansion of the neuroimaging phenotype of hypomyelination with atrophy of the basal ganglia and cerebellum (H-ABC). PMID: 24706558 Novel TUBB4A mutations expands the phenotype of TUBB4A-related hypomyelinating conditions beyond hypomyelination with atrophy of the basal ganglia and cerebellum. PMID: 25085639 This study demonistrated that Hypomyelination with atrophy of the basal ganglia and cerebellum with TUBB4A mutation. PMID: 24785942 TUBB4A mutations cause typical hypomyelinating leukoencephalopathies. PMID: 24850488 The c.4C>G DYT4 mutation appears to be private, and clinical testing for TUBB4A mutations is not justified in spasmodic dysphonia or other forms of primary dystonia PMID: 24598712 This study demonistrated that TUBB4A mutation in the autoregulatory domain cause hereditary dystonia. PMID: 23424103 This study provided strong evidence supporting the causative role of a mutation in TUBB4, altering a highly conserved and functionally important amino acid, in DYT4 dystonia. PMID: 23595291 Data indicate that leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) selectively interacts with three beta-tubulin isoforms: TUBB, TUBB4, and TUBB6. PMID: 24275654 DYT4 is a familial form of dystonia unrelated to known dystonia genes and loci. Phenotypic expression is variable, ranging from isolated spasmodic dysphonia (often with mild craniocervical dystonia) to severe generalized dystonia. PMID: 21956287 A de novo mutation in the beta-tubulin gene TUBB4A results in the leukoencephalopathy hypomyelination with atrophy of the basal ganglia and cerebellum. PMID: 23582646 Destruction of the beta-tubulin:CCT-beta complex provokes Hsp90-dependent protein ubiquitination and degradation. PMID: 23190606 Data show six differentially expressed proteins were identified as HSP70, PPIA and alpha-Enolase (up-regulated) S100-A9, PIMT and beta-5 tubulin (down-regulated), most of which had been shown to play a potential role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. PMID: 21839816 The results provide the first evidence that a specific isoform of beta-tubulin is required for mitosis. PMID: 18553364 Suggest that nuclear accumulation of soluble tubulin is part of an intrinsic defense mechanism, which tends to limit cell proliferation under pathological conditions. PMID: 19299461

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

To learn more about how to properly dissolve the lyophilized recombinant protein, please visit Lyophilization FAQs.