Recombinant Mouse Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF21) Protein (His)

Name: Recombinant Mouse Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF21) Protein (His)
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BLC-03225P
Price: 549.6 USD
Availability: InStock

Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

Collections: Cytokines, Cytokines and growth factors, Enzymes, Featured enzyme molecules, Growth factors and receptors, Kinase, Recombinant proteins

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Product Overview

Description	Recombinant Mouse Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF21) Protein (His) is produced by our E.coli expression system. This is a full length protein.
Purity	Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
Uniprotkb	Q9JJN1
Target Symbol	FGF21
Synonyms	Fgf21Fibroblast growth factor 21; FGF-21
Species	Mus musculus (Mouse)
Expression System	E.coli
Tag	N-6His
Target Protein Sequence	AYPIPDSSPLLQFGGQVRQRYLYTDDDQDTEAHLEIREDGTVVGAAHRSPESLLELKALKPGVIQILGVKASRFLCQQPDGALYGSPHFDPEACSFRELLLEDGYNVYQSEAHGLPLRLPQKDSPNQDATSWGPVRFLPMPGLLHEPQDQAGFLPPEPPDVGSSDPLSMVEPLQGRSPSYAS
Expression Range	29-210aa
Protein Length	Full Length of Mature Protein
Mol. Weight	23.9kDa
Research Area	Others
Form	Liquid or Lyophilized powder
Buffer	Liquid form: default storage buffer is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 5%-50% glycerol. Lyophilized powder form: the buffer before lyophilization is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 6% Trehalose, pH 8.0.
Reconstitution	Briefly centrifuged the vial prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Reconstitute protein in deionized sterile water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL. It is recommended to add 5-50% of glycerol (final concentration) and aliquot for long-term storage at -20°C/-80°C. The default final concentration of glycerol is 50%.
Storage	1. Store at -20°C/-80°C upon receipt, aliquoting is necessary for mutiple use. 2. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. 3. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week. 4. In general, protein in liquid form is stable for up to 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. Protein in lyophilized powder form is stable for up to 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.
Notes	Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week.

Target Details

Target Function	Stimulates glucose uptake in differentiated adipocytes via the induction of glucose transporter SLC2A1/GLUT1 expression (but not SLC2A4/GLUT4 expression). Activity probably requires the presence of KLB. Regulates systemic glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity.
Subcellular Location	Secreted.
Protein Families	Heparin-binding growth factors family
Database References	KEGG: mmu:56636 STRING: 10090.ENSMUSP00000033099 UniGene: Mm.143736
Tissue Specificity	Most abundantly expressed in the liver, also expressed in the thymus at lower levels. Expressed in skeletal muscle (at protein level). Secreted in plasma (at protein level).

Gene Functions References

FGF21 alleviated atherosclerosis by ameliorating Fas-mediated apoptosis in apoE-/- mice. PMID: 30157856
results demonstrate that fibroblast growth factor 21 reduces the increased expression of a subset of genes in the liver in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress PMID: 29962431
Lack of FGF21 enhances the susceptibility to the development of obesity-related cardiomyopathy. PMID: 29519677
The acute increase in circulating FGF21 following fructose gavage was absent in ChREBP knockout mice. Induction of ChREBP-beta and its glycolytic, fructolytic, and lipogenic gene targets were attenuated in FGF21 knockout mice fed high-fructose diets. PMID: 28123933
Data, including data from studies using knockout mice, suggest that control of whole-body energy expenditure by Gcgr agonism requires intact Fxr signaling and Fgf21 secretion in liver. (Gcgr = glucagon receptor glucagon; Fxr = farnesoid X receptor; Fgf21 = fibroblast growth factor-21) PMID: 29925501
FGF-21 has anti-inflammatory effects in Type 2 diabetes mellitus PMID: 29414665
These data suggest that Fgf21 acts as one of intrathymic cytokines in the neonatal and juvenile thymus, involving thymocyte development in a beta-Klotho-independent manner. PMID: 28336912
During pregnancy, both systemic and cardiac-produced Fgf21 act on the heart, leading to the normal physiological cardiac changes that are associated with pregnancy. PMID: 28472473
our results demonstrated that FGF21 promotes cell cycle exit and enhances myogenic differentiation of C2C12 cells. This study provided new evidence that FGF21 promotes myogenic differentiation, which could be useful for better understanding the roles of FGF21 in myogenesis. PMID: 29109955
We will clarify the positive and negative signaling mechanisms which control the stress-related expression of FGF21 through the ISR pathway. Moreover, we will examine the role of FGF21 as an interorgan coordinator of survival functions in metabolic and stress disorders. We conclude that FGF21 can be viewed as a cell non-autonomous enhancer of longevity in mammals. PMID: 28844867
under nutrient-limiting conditions that stimulate ATF4 activity, TRIB3 is implicated in the regulation of metabolic adaptation by restraining the transcription of Fgf21. PMID: 29378327
alcohol-induced FGF21 expression is a hepatic adaptive response to lipid dysregulation. PMID: 27498701
the adipose-derived FGF21-CCL11 axis triggers cold-induced beiging and thermogenesis by coupling sympathetic nervous system to activation of type 2 immunity in subcutaneous white adipose tissue. PMID: 28844880
These results uncover a negative feedback loop in which CREBH regulates nonesterified fatty acid flux from adipose tissue to the liver via FGF21. PMID: 27301791
Chronic high-sucrose diet does not lead to obesity in mice. Data suggest that high-sucrose diet leads to up-regulation of Fgf21 expression in liver and brown adipose tissue plus high levels of Fgf21 in plasma which eventually lead to increased energy expenditure and, thus, does not cause obesity in this species. PMID: 28886439
plasma levels of Fgf21 reflect liver fat accumulation and dysregulation of metabolic pathways in the liver. PMID: 27470139
atheroprotective effect of brown adipose transplantation is BAT-specific and independent of lipid-lowering effect, accompanied by adrenergic receptor-mediated activation of the FGF-21-adiponectin axis. PMID: 29496444
the suppression of Nrf2 attenuates adipogenesis and decreases FGF21 expression through PPARgamma in 3T3-L1 cells. PMID: 28131830
these findings elucidate the involvement of abnormal FGF21 expression in early APAP-induced liver impairment. Interestingly, FGF21 may be a promising biomarker of APAP-exposed livers. PMID: 28591702
Reduced DNA methylation is associated with enhanced induction of hepatic FGF21 expression after PPARalpha activation, which may partly explain the attenuation of diet-induced obesity in adulthood. PMID: 29434210
These results suggest that FGF21 deficiency slow gastric emptying rate and indirectly influence initial alcohol metabolism in mice exposed to acute alcohol. Our findings provide additional information for understanding the gastrointestinal mechanism of alcoholic liver disease and other alcohol use disorders. PMID: 29448103
Serum fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) levels positively correlate with the subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) area in insulin-sensitive obese mice. PMID: 29348470
Data (including data from studies in knockout mice) suggest that dietary manipulations that induce ketosis also lead to increased HPA axis tone; FGF21 knockout mice exhibit blunted HPA response to ketogenic diet relative to wild-type mice; thus, the hepatokine FGF21 appears to play important role in response to ketogenic diet. (HPA axis = hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis) PMID: 29077838
These results suggest that berberine-induced activation of AMPK may contribute to hepatic FGF21 expression via NUR77. PMID: 29247651
our results demonstrate that Sp1 positively regulates the basal transcription of FGF21 in the liver and adipose tissue and contributes to the obesity-induced FGF21 upregulation in mouse adipose tissue and hepatic FGF21 upregulation in hepatocarcinogenesis. PMID: 28466020
FGF21 deletion aggravates aortic remodeling and cell death probably via exacerbation of aortic inflammation and oxidative stress in type 1 diabetes. PMID: 27391008
This study demonstrates that FGF21 action is necessary to achieve the full metabolic benefits of exercise during chronic HF feeding. PMID: 27445299
cholestasis could induce FGF21 expression in FXR dependent manner PMID: 27003131
FGF21 appears to act in a paracrine manner to increase glucose uptake under low insulin conditions, but it does not contribute to the resistance to diet-induced obesity. PMID: 27184848
FGF21 has a role in promoting remyelination in the central nervous system PMID: 28825598
Data suggest that expression of Fgf21 in liver responds acutely to dietary protein intake; low-protein high-carbohydrate diet induces Fgf21 expression; high-protein low-carbohydrate diet reduces Fgf21 expression; Fgf21 expression/secretion in cultured hepatocytes appears to be controlled by glucose but not amino acids. PMID: 27574977
These findings reveal a previously unappreciated anti-inflammatory role for FGF21 in adipose tissue, but do not support that FGF21 is necessary for exercise-mediated anti-inflammatory effects. PMID: 28765264
OPA1 mutant mice are resistant to age- and diet-induced weight gain and insulin resistance, by mechanisms that involve activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress and secretion of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) from skeletal muscle, resulting in increased metabolic rates and improved whole-body insulin sensitivity. PMID: 28607005
FGF21 is not critical for bone homeostasis or actions of PPARalpha and PPARgamma. PMID: 27505721
inhibitor of mTORC1 to control hepatic insulin action and maintain glucose homeostasis PMID: 26926384
the acute and chronic effects of FGF21 can be dissociated through adipose-dependent and -independent mechanisms. PMID: 28380381
pancreatic FGF21 is a digestive enzyme secretagogue. PMID: 28089565
These findings reveal an iNKT cell-FGF21 axis that defines a new immune-mediated pathway that could be targeted for glycemic control and weight regulation. PMID: 27593966
the metabolic outcomes associated with elevated FGF21 depend on the nutritional context, differing according to whether the animal is in a state of under- or overfeeding. PMID: 27693377
These findings indicate that FGF21 is crucial for the fenofibrate-mediated improvement of whole body glucose metabolism in obese mice via the amelioration of WAT dysfunctions. PMID: 28404815
These new findings reveal that the FGF21-betaKlotho-FGFR1 signaling axis plays roles in maintaining phospholipid homeostasis and the dynamic functions of the lipid droplet, whereas protecting against ER stress, and suggest a potential link of phospholipid biosynthesis, lipid droplet dynamics, ER stress, and energy homeostasis in adipose tissue coordinated by this signaling axis. PMID: 27690692
CYP2A5 protects against the development of alcoholic fatty liver disease, and the PPARalpha-FGF21 axis contributes to the protective effects of CYP2A5 on alcoholic fatty liver disease. PMID: 28131861
Heme-Regulated eIF2alpha Kinase Modulates Hepatic FGF21 and Is Activated by PPARbeta/delta Deficiency. Findings suggest that HRI is a potential target for regulating hepatic FGF21 levels. PMID: 27486236
FGF21 promotes myoblast differentiation and serves as a switch of molecular transformation from anaerobic myofibers to aerobic myofibers via the FGF21-SIRT1-AMPK-PGC1alpha axis. PMID: 27966786
FGF21-PXR signaling pathway may be involved in decreased hepatic CYP3A4 metabolic activity in Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. PMID: 27482056
data show that AHR contributes to hepatic energy homeostasis, partly through the regulation of FGF21 expression and signaling. PMID: 27226639
this study shows that FGF21 exerts an anti-inflammatory effect mainly via enhancing Nrf2-mediated anti-oxidant capacity and suppressing NF-kappaB signaling pathway PMID: 27276443
FGF21 corrects multiple metabolic parameters on NAFLD in vitro and in vivo by inducing autophagy. PMID: 27435856
these data reveal a previously unidentified role for FGF21 on bile acid metabolism and may be relevant to understand the effects of FGF21 analogs in clinical studies. PMID: 28041926
These results suggest for the first time that FF prevents the development of diabetic nephropathy via up-regulating FGF21 and stimulating PI3K/Akt/GSK-3b/Fyn-mediated activation of the Nrf2 pathway. PMID: 26849944

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

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